Chambliss Discover Sociology Chapter 12 – Flashcards
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Profane
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A sphere of routine, everyday life.
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Sacred
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That which is set apart from the ordinary, the sphere endowed with spiritual meaning.
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Totems
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Part of the sacred sphere in which ordinary objects are believed to have acquired transcendent or magical qualities connecting humans with the divine.
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Secularization
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The rise in worldly thinking, particularly as seen in the rise of science, technology, and rational thought, and a simultaneous decline in the influence of religion.
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Religious economy
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Suggests that religions can be fruitfully understood as organizations in competition with one another for followers.
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Church
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A well-established religious organization that exists in a fairly harmonious relationship with the larger society.
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Ecclesia
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A form of a church that is formally allied with the state and is the "official" religion of the society.
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Denomination
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A form of a church that is not formally allied with the state.
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Sect
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A religious organization that has splintered off from an established church in an effort to restore perceived "true" beliefs and practices believed to have been lost by the established religious organization.
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Cult
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A religious organization that is thoroughly unconventional with regard to the larger society.
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New religious movements (NRMs)
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Movements that are new and in key respects different from existing religious movements.
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Monotheism
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Belief in a single all-knowing, all-powerful God.
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Zionism
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A movement calling for the return of Jews to Palestine and the creation of a Jewish state.
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Polytheism
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Belief in the existence of divine spiritual forces rather than a God or gods.
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Nontheistic religion
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Belief in the existence of divine spiritual forces rather than a God or gods.
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Animism
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The belief, that naturally occurring phenomena, such as mountains and animals, are possessed of indwelling spirits with supernatural powers.
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Evangelicalism
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A belief in spiritual rebirth (conventionally denoted as being "born again").
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Disestablishment
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A period during which the political influence of established religions is successfully challenged.
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Civil religion
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A set of religious beliefs through which a society interprets its own history in light of some conception of ultimate reality.
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Religious nationalism
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The linkage of religious convictions with beliefs about a nation or ethnic group's social and political destiny.
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