Ch 7 Primate Behavior – Flashcards
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Behavioral Ecology
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The study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection.
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Social Structure
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The composition, size, and sex ratio of a group of animals.
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Female Philopatry
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Social system in which females remain and breed in the group of their birth.
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Male Philopatry
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Social system in which males remain and breed in the group of their birth.
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Polyandry
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A female continuously associates with more than one mating male.
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Polygyny
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A male continuously associates with more than one mating female.
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Polygyny Multi-male
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A male tolerates the presence of other males who help maintain order of the group.
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Alpha Male
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Top ranking male.
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Infanticide
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Killing of infants.
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Fission-Fusion Polygyny
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Type of polygyny in which animals travel in foraging parties of varying sizes instead of a cohesive group
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Wrangham Resource Defense Model
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More primates, better defense.
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Predation Model
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Groups look out for predators, better defense.
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Dominance Hierarchies
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A linear "pecking order" of animals, where position dictates characteristic social behaviors
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Communication
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Any act that conveys information to another individual.
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Autonomic
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Physiological response that is involuntary.
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Displays
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Sequences of repetitious behaviors that serve to communicate emotional states.
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Affiliative Behaviors
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Amicable associations between individuals.
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Territories
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Portions of an individual/group home range that is defended.
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Core Area
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Portion of home range that contains the highest concentration of food and water.
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Reproductive Strategies
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Behaviors that have been favored by natural selection.
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K-Selected
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Individuals produce relatively few offspring , which they invest parental care.
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R-Selected
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Produce many offspring and reduced parental care.
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Empathy
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Ability to identify with the feelings and thoughts another individual.
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Altruism
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Actions that benefit another individual at some potential risk to oneself.
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Inclusive Fitness
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Idea that one's fitness is measured by the success of one's genes whether are passed on by that individual or their close relatives.
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Sexual Selection
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Operates on one sex of the species because of competition for mates, which can lead to sexual dimorphism with regard to one or more traits.
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Sexual Conflict
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Idea that sexual conflict between the sexes refers to the fact both males and females have different reproductive strategies.
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Grooming
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Picking through fur to remove dirt, parasites, etc. Reinforces social relationships.
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Intrasexual Selection
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Differences of reproductive success among individuals of one sex due to competition for mates.
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Intersexual Selection
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A choice of mate of one sex by the other.
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Satellite Male
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Sneaky, try to get what they want.
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Mother Infant Bond
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Basic social unit of all primates.
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Language
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Standardized system of arbitrary vocal sounds, written symbols, and gestures used in communication.
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Anthropocentric
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Viewing non-human organisms in terms of human achievement.
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Biological Continuum
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Organism are related by common ancestry and that behaviors and traits seen in one species are also found in others by varying degree.
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