question

Addiction includes A) withdrawal. B) tolerance. C) deterioration of work performance. D) All of the above

answer

D) All of the above

question

Illicit drugs A) may be manufactured illegally. B) are psychoactive. C) differ from state to state in regards to laws governing their possession. D) All of the above

answer

D) All of the above

question

Which of the following is true about routes of administration of drugs? A) Drugs can't be absorbed through the skin. B) Intravenous injection is the most dangerous method of administration. C) The least effective route of administration is by inhalation. D) None of the above

answer

B) Intravenous injection is the most dangerous method of administration.

question

The fastest-acting method of injection is A) inunction. B) intramuscular. C) intravenous. D) subcutaneous

answer

C) intravenous.

question

Using a nicotine patch for smoking cessation is an example of A) injection. B) ingestion. C) inunction. D) inhalation.

answer

C) inunction.

question

Suppositories A) are designed to melt at body temperature. B) are inserted into the vagina or anus. C) cause a drug to remain inactive in the body for several hours. D) All of the above

answer

B) are inserted into the vagina or anus.

question

James is no longer able to feel the same effects from his drug of choice with his regular dose; he needs to increase the amount of the drug to feel the desired effects. This example demonstrates A) withdrawal. B) tolerance. C) adjustment. D) dosing.

answer

B) tolerance.

question

David spends four hours a day lifting weights. He has also started taking steroids to increase his muscle mass and is preoccupied with gaining weight. He most likely suffers from this disorder. A) codependence B) anorexia nervosa C) muscle dysmorphia D) bulimia nervosa

answer

C) muscle dysmorphia

question

To be addictive A) a behavior must have the potential to produce a positive mood change. B) the body eventually requires the chemical in order to feel normal. C) continued involvement with a substance or activity occurs despite ongoing negative consequences. D) All of the above

answer

D) All of the above

question

Jason doesn't see that his addiction to heroin is self-destructive. He is experiencing A) obsession. B) compulsion. C) displacement. D) denial.

answer

D) denial.

question

Which of the following is true about gambling addictions? A) Men are more likely to have gambling problems than women. B) Gambling problems are greater among individuals with high socioeconomic status. C) Compulsive gamblers seek the money and not the excitement. D) None of the above

answer

A) Men are more likely to have gambling problems than women.

question

Which of the following is true about gambling addictions?

answer

Compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement rather than from money.

question

Alcohol, caffeine, and tobacco are all classified as which type of drug?

answer

Recreational.

question

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine

answer

It is an anesthetic.

question

Marijuana is administered therapeutically for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

to reduce appetite for weight control.

question

Heroin has a

answer

high potential for addiction and no accepted medical use

question

The most popular form of LSD is

answer

blotter acid that is swallowed or chewed

question

Which of the following is true about steroids?

answer

Adverse effects include mood swings, elevated cholesterol levels, acne, and hypertension.

question

True or false. Depressants speed up neuromuscular activity and can increase focus and alertness.

answer

False

question

True or False. Withdrawal and tolerance are key aspects of addiction.

answer

True

question

Using a drug for a purpose other than that which it is intended is

answer

drug misuse

question

An aspirin taken to relieve minor muscle aches would be considered an

answer

OTC drug

question

Which of the following is true about over-the-counter drugs?

answer

They can be abused

question

Mikail is attempting to reduce his caffeine consumption. Which of the following drinks that he consumes daily has the highest amount of caffeine per serving?

answer

Gourmet coffee from a coffee shop.

question

What is the most common reason offered by college students to explain their drug use?

answer

to reduce stress

question

A large dose of cocaine can cause

answer

increased heart rate and blood pressure.

question

Amphetamines such as Ritalin or Adderall are commonly prescribed to treat

answer

ADHD

question

Opioids are also called

answer

narcotics

question

Marijuana today is

answer

much more potent than in the 1960s

question

The most noticeable effect of the THC in marijuana is

answer

bloodshot eyes

question

True or False. Methamphetamine can be snorted or smoked, but not injected or orally ingested.

answer

False (Meth can be injected, smoked, or orally ingested.)

question

Long-term effects of marijuana include all the following EXCEPT

answer

increased production of testosterone in males

question

Marijuana use presents clear dangers to those driving motor vehicles (as well as others on the road) because it

answer

slows reaction time and impedes decision-making

question

Morphine, codeine, and heroin are all

answer

opioids

question

Which of the following is NOT true about the treatment for opioid addiction?

answer

The most difficult time in the withdrawal process occurs 3 to 7 days after the last use.

question

Ecstacy is a

answer

stimulant and mild hallucinogen

question

Which of the following is true about psilocybin?

answer

it can cause hallucinations

question

Which type of drug has the potential to alter a person's mood or behavior

answer

psychoactive drug

question

True or false. Endorphins are hormones that act as "the body's own opioids" in their ability to reduce pain and produce feelings of well-being.

answer

True

question

True or false. A synergistic drug interaction can be dangerous or even deadly.

answer

True

question

True or false. Methadone maintenance does not have the same potential for addiction that heroin does.

answer

False

question

True or False. Prescription drug abuse has increased dramatically among college students over the past 10 years

answer

True

question

Addiction

answer

-the compulsive, repetitive use of a substance/drug that occurs despite ongoing negative consequences to the user -addictive behaviors initially provide a sense of pleasure or stability that's beyond an individual's power to achieve in other ways. But eventually, the individual needs to consume the addictive substance or enact the behavior to feel normal/function on a daily basis

question

Physiological Dependence

answer

the adaptive state of the brain/body processes that occur with regular addictive behavior and results in withdrawal if the addictive behavior stops

question

Tolerance

answer

when increased amounts of a drug are required to achieve the desired effect

question

Psychological Dependence

answer

dependency of the mind on a substance or behavior, which can lead to psychological withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability or cravings

question

Withdrawal

answer

a series of temporary physical/psychological symptoms that occur when an addict abrupty abstains from an addictive chemical or behavior

question

Signs of Addiction

answer

Compulsion+ Obsession Loss of Control Negative Consequences Denial

question

Compulsion

answer

preoccupation with a behavior and an overwhelming need to perform it -characterized by obsession=excessive preoccupation with and addictive object or behavior

question

Loss of Control

answer

the inability to predict reliably whether a particular instance of involvement with an addictive substance or behavior will be healthy or damaging

question

Negative Consequences

answer

physical damage, legal trouble, financial ruin, academic failure, and other severe problems associated with addictions

question

Denial

answer

the inability to perceive that the behavior is self-destructive

question

Process addiction

answer

a condition in which a person is dependent on (addicted to) some mood-altering behavior or processes, such as gambling, eating or exercise

question

compulsive (pathological) gambler

answer

-A person addicted to gambling -characterized by preoccupation with gambling, using gambling to escape problems, lying to members to hide the extent of involvement with gambling

question

compulsive shopper

answer

-people who shop on impulse as a way of coping and find it difficult to control their spending behaviors -they buy more than one of the same thing and keep items in their closet with their tags on -shopping doesn't make them feel better, but actually worse

question

addictive exercisers

answer

people who exercise compulsively to try to meet needs of nurturance, intimacy, self-esteem, and self-competency

question

Internet addiction

answer

compulsive use of computer, cell phones, and other forms of technology to access the internet for activities such as email, games, blogging

question

excessive use of a drug

answer

drug abuse

question

codependence

answer

a self-defeating relationship pattern in which a person is addicted to the addict -codependents find it hard to set health boundaries and they assume responsibility for meeting others' needs to the point that they subordinate or even cease being aware of their own needs -codependents are the primary enablers of their addicted loved ones

question

enabler

answer

people who knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behavior

question

drugs that affect brain chemistry and have potential to alter mood and behavior

answer

psychoactive drugs

question

6 Types of drugs

answer

-prescription drugs -OTC (over the counter) drugs -recreational drugs (alcohol, tobacco, caffeine products--legal though psychoactive) -herbal preparations -illicit (illegal) drugs (all of which are psychoactive) -commercial preparations (household cleaners, cosmetic, perfume)

question

oral ingestion

answer

intake of drug through the mouth -drug takes longest to reach bloodstream compared to other means

question

inhalation

answer

introduction of drugs through respiratory tract ( sniffling, snorting, smoking, inhaling)

question

injection

answer

introduction of drugs into body via a hypodermic needle -fastest way for drug to reach bloodstream

question

inunction

answer

introduction of drugs through the skin ex: nicotine patches

question

suppositories

answer

mixture of drugs and a waxy medium designated to melt at body temp that are inserted into vagina or anus

question

use of multiple medications, vitamins, or illicit drugs simultaneously

answer

polydrug use

question

interaction of 2 or more drugs that produce more profound effects than would be expected if the drugs were taken separately

answer

synergism

question

Why do college students do drugs?

answer

-to reduce stress/relax/forget about problems -to help them study -social pressure -genetics

question

Stimulant

answer

drug that increases CNS activity ex: cocaine, amphetamines,methamphetamines, and caffeine

question

Describe how drugs affect the brain

answer

-neurons containing dopamine relay messages about pleasure through their nerve fibers to nerve cells in the limbic system, which regulates emotion -Other nerve fibers also connect to part of the frontal region of the cerebral cortex, the area of brain that plays a role in memory, thinking, perception, consciousness -this pleasure circuit, AKA mesolimbic dopamine system, spans the brainstem, the emotional limbic system, and the thinking frontal cortex -all addicting drugs activate the brain's pleasure circuit

question

-both an anesthetic and a stimulant -in small doses, it can slow heart rate. But in larger doses, it can lead to increase in heart rate/blood pressure, suppress appetite, and lead to convulsions and death

answer

Cocaine

question

Route of administration for cocaine

answer

snorted, smoked or injected

question

The active ingredient in marijuana

answer

THC

question

Effects of marijuana

answer

dilation of blood vessels which produce bloodshot eyes intensified reactions to various stimuli reduces driver's ability to react and make quick decisions

question

Depressant

answer

drugs that slow down activity of CNS ex: alcohol, opioids, barbituates, and benzodiazepines

question

drugs that induce sleep, relieve pain and induce euphoria -they decrease heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure -AKA narcotics

answer

opioids

question

Of all opioids, ____has greatest notoriety as an addictive drug

answer

heroin

question

-white powder derived from morphine -more addictive/potent than morphine. -has no medical uses -mainly administered through intravenous injections -moods swings from euphoric highs followed by depressive lows/ slow respiration, constricted pupils, feelings of drowsiness and a dreamy, mentally slow feeling

answer

heroin

question

a potent, long-acting addictive drug that strongly activates the brain's reward centers by producing a sense of euphoria -in small doses, it can increase physical activity, alertness, and decrease appetite -in large doses, can lead to convulsions, irregular heartbeats, death

answer

methamphetamine

question

-large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate CNS -small doses can improve alertness, increase attention, elevate mood, and decrease fatigue -repeated use can lead to psychological/physical dependence

answer

amphetamine

question

Route of administration for methamphetamine

answer

snorted, smoked, ingested orally, or injected

question

opioid-like hormones that are manufactured in the human body and contribute to natural feelings of well-being

answer

endorphins

question

the most difficult time in the withdrawal process is ____.

answer

24-72 hours after last use

question

drugs that depress the CNS and induce sleep and reduce anxiety

answer

barbituates

question

-AKA tranquilizers -a class of CNS depressant drugs with sedative, hypnotic and muscle relaxing effects

answer

benzodiazepines

question

the mixing of sensory messages ex: hearing a taste and smelling a sound

answer

synthesia

question

Hallucinogens

answer

AKA psychedelics -substances that are capable of creating auditory/visual hallucinations and unusual changes in moods, thoughts, and feelings by inhibiting the relay of sensory input. (preventing neurotransmission from occurring) ex: LSD, ecstasy, mescaline, psilocybin, and ketamine

question

-the most notorious hallucinogen -most common form is in blotter act -produces euphoria as well as dysphoria -shortens attention span, causing mind to wander -causes distortions of ordinary perceptions

answer

LSD

question

-street name for MDMA -it's a ''club'' drug -both a stimulant and mild hallucinogen -creates feeling of extreme euphoira, openness/warmth, feelings of love/empathy -enhances sensory experiences and distort perceptions -doesn't create hallucinations

answer

ecstasy

question

-a synthetic substance that became a black market drug in 1970s -was used as an anesthetic -can produce euphoria/dysphoria -produces hallucinations, delusions, and delerium

answer

PCP

question

-derived from peyote cacus -tastes bitter -induces nausea and vomiting -illegal except for use in Native American church

answer

mescaline

question

active chemicals found in groups of mushrooms

answer

psilocybin

question

products that are sniffed/inhaled to produce high -legal

answer

inhalants

question

anabolic steroids

answer

artificial forms of testosterone that promote muscle growth/strength

question

ergogenic drugs

answer

substances believed to enhance athletic performance

question

the process of freeing a drug user from an intoxicating or addictive substance in the body or from dependence on such a substance

answer

detoxification

question

Effects of steroids

answer

-produces euphoria, diminished fatigue, and increased bulk/power -causes mood swings, acne, hypertension, and increased cholesterol levels

question

-causes hallucinations, as it inhibits the relay of sensory input. The brain fills the resulting void with visions, dreams, memories, and sensory distortions

answer

Ketamine

question

Alcohol and marijuana are both

answer

Depressants. They are both sedative . Provide relaxed,euphoric feelings, mood elevation,drowsiness, sedation -Both lead to impaired judgment and decreased inhibitions (for some) -Both can result in "hangover" feelings following heavy use

question

Even though marijuana is a depressant it can increase heart rate

answer

True

question

Alcohol should never be taken with other sedatives

answer

True

question

Addiction traditionally based on four criteria:

answer

1) Relief of withdrawal symptoms 2) Continued use despite harm to self and others 3) Unsuccessful efforts to cease using or cut down on use, including relapse 4) Tolerance

question

-Stimulate the mind & body in many ways -Increased heart rate, mental ability, endurance, alertness, physical ability, sex drive, pain tolerance, metabolism -Decreased hunger, fatigue, desire to sleep, inhibitions -Withdrawal symptoms range from minor headaches, severe cravings for drug, inability to function, inability to derive pleasure from ordinary activities without the drug, exhaustion, depression -Adverse effects: Risk of stroke, seizures, heart disease (including sudden cardiac arrest), kidney failure, skin lesions, wasting, decreased immunity, tooth decay, psychosis. -Examples: Cocaine, speed, crystal meth (crystal, "Tina", "T" Tweak) , caffeine, nicotine, methamphetamine, etc

answer

stimulants (uppers)

question

-Slow down the mind & body -Increase sense of pleasure, well being & euphoria. -Decrease pain, respiration, feelings of threat or worry; slows bowel movements (constipation) -withdrawal symptoms can be severe but typically not life-threatening: vomiting, increased sensitivity to pain, insomnia, diarrhea, muscle/abdominal cramps, flu-like symptoms -risk of lethal overdoes is high for first time and veteran users

answer

Opioids

question

alcohol poisoning

answer

Excessive alcohol can depress nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex (which prevents choking). A fatal dose of alcohol will eventually stop these functions -symptoms: vomiting and choking on own vomit, seizures, slow/irregular breathing, hypothermia (low body temp), mental confusion

question

This group of drugs can cause users to experience spiritual enlightening or very important-seeming events during hallucinations, departure from reality, altered state. -May lead to extremely unpleasant images/experience (bad trip). Users may exercise poor judgment (resulting in injuries/death), confusion, disorientation, temporary (and in rare cases, long-term) psychosis

answer

hallucinogens

question

Focuses on minimizing hazardous effects of behavior -Negotiates rather than dictates solutions -Seeks to preserve human dignity of user -Meets users where they are at: support groups, education, behavior modifications

answer

harm reduction

question

Effective for highly addictive substances and substances that can be harmful to quit too quickly -regulated dosing -safer formulation of chemical -not necessarily harm-free

answer

drug replacement therapy

question

What are some new nicotine products? (alternatives to cigarettes)

answer

-Camel dissolvable sticks/strips -nicotine lozenges (i.e. verve) -camel snus (split-less pouch, juice can be swallowed) -nicotine water -nicogel (take single press of gel and rub it into skin)

question

What are some nicotine replacement products?

answer

-Zonnic -hookah/e-hookah -e-cigarettes -aerosol generating heating mechanism used with specially designed cigarettes -format of a conventional cigarette lit using a normal lighter -uses chemical reaction to generate nicotine containing aerosol

question

E-cigarettes work by

answer

vaporizing liquid nicotine

question

-doesn't just contain harmless h20 vapor -contains nicotine/variability (extracted from real tobacco; few synthetics), volatile organic compounds, tobacco specific carcinogens, propylene glycol, heavy metals/silicate particles, second-hand vaping

answer

e-cigarettes

question

FDA approved means that

answer

-it's clinically proven safe/effective ex: nicotine gum, patch, lozenge, inhaler

question

-using medication or counseling increases the long-term quit rate (20% each respectively) -using medicating AND counseling dramatically increases the long term quit rate (40%)

answer

-using medication or counseling increases the long-term quit rate (20% each respectively) -using medicating AND counseling dramatically increases the long term quit rate (40%)

question

Addiction triangle

answer

-addiction can be emotional, physical, or a habit so treatments should address those things

question

Benefits of quitting smoking

answer

after 20 min: -BP,pulse rate, body temp drop to normal after 8 hrs: -CO lvl in blood drops to normal, O2 level in blood increases to normal -after 24 hrs -chance of heart attach decrease -Long term: more energy, decreased risk of coronary heart disease, lung cancer,

question

drug

answer

any substance that changes mental state or bodily function

question

Ways drugs can be introduced to the body

answer

-few drugs dissolve so well in fatty membranes of cells that when they're rubbed on the skin, they travel through all skin layers, through capillaries into bloodstream (inunction) -apply drugs to mucous membranes. (snorting, sniffing )mucous membranes are much thinner and capillaries are closer to the surface -hypodermic needle to inject drug into a vein, muscle, beneath the skin -inhaling drugs into lungs (smoking) -swallow the drugs (oral ingestion)

question

slowest way of getting drugs into body

answer

oral ingestion

question

fastest way of getting drug into body

answer

intravenous injection and then inhalation

question

What types of personalities are believed to be at a greater risk for drug abuse?

answer

-people with OCD -people who are risk-taking and adventurous

question

2 kinds of life experiences more likely found in lives of substance abusers

answer

-they're more likely to have grown up in a family with a substance abusing parent -they have history of physical.emotion abuse from parent

question

risk factors for addiction

answer

unstable family/work, family history of substance abuse (genetics), hangout out with people who do drugs, mental health, personality, life experiences

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