CH 7 & 10 SOCI111
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What term refers to a two-directional relationship, one that goes both ways like a conversation between two people (such as master-slave)?
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dialectic
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Income-based measurements are deceptive because they hide the real influence of:
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wealth
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Hegel felt that the relationship between slave and master was dialectic. This means that:
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each is dependent on the other
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What is the primary source of income for the upper class?
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returns on investments
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According to Rousseau, there are two forms of inequality: ____________, or natural, and ____________, or political.
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physical; social
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According to the underclass thesis, the poor are:
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deviant and dangerous to mainstream society.
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Professionals, small business owners, and craftsmen are referred to as:
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petit bourgeoisie.
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People who are born into poverty and ultimately raise their own children in poverty learn \"how\" to live in poverty. They learn the norms and values associated with that particular way of life. This is known as Oscar Lewis's:
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culture of poverty.
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Mills believed that centralized power in the hands of a few ____________ democracy.
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hurt
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Opponents of the estate tax have consistently portrayed ____________ as its undeserving victims, although it only affects a small number of such individuals.
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farmers
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Rousseau believed that the source of all social ills was:
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private property.
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James Rosenbaum found that those who moved out of the ghetto and into low-poverty areas:
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had a better employment situation.
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Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the vast disparity of wealth in the United States mentioned in your text?
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government
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A stratification system with a governing elite—that is, few leaders who broadly hold the power in society—is called a(n) ____________ system.
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elite-mass dichotomy
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The process in India whereby an entire caste can leapfrog over another and obtain a higher position in the hierarchy is called:
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sanskritization.
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Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority was a class action suit that alleged public housing was:
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de facto government segregation
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What population was Oscar Lewis studying when he coined the term \"culture of poverty\"?
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Mexicans
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What do policy experts mean by the terms perverse incentives and unintended consequences?
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Aiding the poor creates more problems than it solves.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of social stratification mentioned in your text?
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proletariat system
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Thomas Malthus had a positive view of inequality. He defended disease, slavery, and child murder. Why?
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He felt this would allow the population to thin itself out naturally.
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Which nation has one of the highest poverty rates in the advanced world?
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United States
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Sociologists often describe an individual's position in a stratified social order that attempts to classify groups, individuals, families, or households in terms of indicators such as occupation, income, wealth, and education. Sociologists call this:
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socioeconomic status.
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One of the results of the negative income tax experiment was that more and more women left their marriages. This was because
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they were less financially dependent on their (possibly) abusive husbands.
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Mollie Orshansky used the U.S. Department of Agriculture's recommendations for the minimum amount of healthy food, estimated the cost for a variety of family types, and multiplied this figure by a factor of three to measure:
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the official poverty line.
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The game of Monopoly follows the rules of what standard of equality?
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equality of opportunity
