Ch.3 and 4 Computer Concepts – Flashcards

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During a typical computing session, your computer might run an average of 50 processes.
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TRUE
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In the GUI shown in the accompanying figure there are two application windows: calculator and word processor.
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TRUE
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A button allows you to select one item from several options.
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FALSE
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During the boot process, RAM is loaded into the operating system kernel.
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FALSE
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The sequence of events that occurs between the time that you turn on a computer and the time that it is ready for you to issue commands is referred to as the boot process.
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TRUE
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Today's Windows operating systems do not require a kernel that accesses DOS.
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TRUE
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One of the primary strengths of Windows is security.
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FALSE
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Microsoft Windows suffers from the reputation for being the most vulnerable to viruses, worms, and other attacks.
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TRUE
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In a dual boot system, to change operating systems, you have to reboot.
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TRUE
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A General Purpose License, or GPL, allows anyone to make copies for their own use or to give or sell to others.
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TRUE
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A root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists.
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TRUE
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When you use Windows, Mac OS, or a Linux graphical file manager, each subdirectory is depicted as a folder.
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TRUE
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Folders cannot be created within other folders.
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FALSE
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A file extension is always the same as a file format.
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FALSE
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To be certain a file can be opened by the recipient, simply save it as an .exe; then anyone can open it.
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FALSE
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Often file management is represented by a tree metaphor.
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TRUE
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File management utilities usually retain the files within a folder when that folder is deleted.
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FALSE
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Viruses can damage files to the point that your computer can't access any data on its hard disk.
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TRUE
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With remote backups, the speed for backing up and restoring data is independent of the speed of your Internet connection.
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FALSE
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Some systems streamline the backup process by restoring a computer's operating system, device drivers, settings, and data in a single step - a process called restore pointing.
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FALSE
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A(n) ____ system is a type of system software that acts as the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer system.
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operating
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A command to print a document is relayed through various levels of ____.
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software
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The operating system, application software, and ____ are organized similar to the chain of command in an army.
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device drivers
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All of the following are examples of resources EXCEPT ____.
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All of the above are resources
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Activities associated with resource management by an operating system include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
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installing new memory
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____ provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously.
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Multitasking
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Within a single program, ____ allows multiple parts to run simultaneously.
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multithreading
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An operating system's ____ capability supports a division of labor among all the processing units.
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multiprocessing
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The term ____ is a technical term for the region of memory that holds data waiting to be transferred from one device to another.
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buffer
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At the upper-right corner of the accompanying figure, the object labeled "Macintosh HD" is an example of a(n) ____.
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icon
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In the accompanying figure, the word "Calculator" appears in ____.
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an Application window
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In the accompanying figure, the icons at the bottom of the screen appear in the ____.
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dock
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In the accompanying figure, "Untitled" Word Document appears in a(n) ____.
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application window
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A ____ is an additional set of commands that the computer displays after you make a selection from the main menu.
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submenu
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A ____ displays the options associated with a command.
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dialog box
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Microsoft Windows is installed on more than ____ of the world's personal computers.
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80%
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Through many editions, the Windows user interface was characterized by a colorful Start button in the ____ corner of the screen.
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lower-left
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The strengths of Microsoft Windows include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
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reliability
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The number and variety of programs that run on ____ are unmatched by any other operating system.
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Windows
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The strengths of Mac OS do NOT include ____.
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its use of resource forks
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VMWare and Parallels Desktop software are examples of ____.
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virutal machine software
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Weaknesses of Mac OS include ____.
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limited selection of applications
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Files maintained by the Macintosh operating system can have two parts, called ____.
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forks
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In the Mac OS, the data ____ contains data or the commands for a program.
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fork
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In the Mac OS, the resource ____ stores information about the data.
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fork
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The operating system that was developed in 1969 by AT's Bell Labs and gained a good reputation for its dependability is ____.
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UNIX
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____ was developed by a Finnish student. It continues to gain popularity as an operating system for personal computers. It is distributed under the terms of a GPL.
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LINUX
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A Linux ____ contains the Linux kernel, system utilities, GUI, applications, and installation routine.
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distribution
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The significance of ____ data is that it cannot be intercepted by corporate spies or government censors.
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encrypted
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RIM is the ____ company that developed the BlackBerry smartphone.
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Canadian
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Current versions of Windows support file names up to ____ characters long.
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255
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An optional file identifier that is separated from a main file name by a period is a ____.
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file extension
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The main directory maintained by your computer's operating system is the ____ directory.
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root
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A computer file's location is defined by a ____.
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file specification
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In the accompanying figure, C: is an example of a(n) ____.
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drive
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In the accompanying figure, Music is an example of a ____.
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primary folder
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n the accompanying figure, Reggae is an example of a ____.
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secondary folder
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In the accompanying figure, Marley One Love is an example of a ____.
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file name
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In the accompanying figure, mp3 is an example of a ____.
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file extension
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An extension of .sys designates a ____ type of file.
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configuration
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An extension of .ocx designates a ____ type of file.
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support
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An extension of .wav designates a ____ type of file.
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sound
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File management capabilities available from application software include ____ files.
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all of the above
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A file ____, in the context of Windows, is a piece of information that describes a file.
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tag
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The difference between the Save and the Save As commands is that ____.
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all of the above
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The accompanying figure is an example of a(n) ____ utility.
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file management
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Utilities, like the one shown in the accompanying figure, often use some sort of storage metaphor to help you visualize and mentally organize the files on your disks. The metaphors are called ____ storage models.
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logical
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Using Microsoft Windows products, like the one in the accompanying figure, to select files and folders which are not listed consecutively, ____.
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click on each file while holding down the Ctrl key
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Using Microsoft Windows products, like the one in the accompanying figure, to select files and folders which are listed consecutively, ____.
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click on the first and last file while holding down the Shift key
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A description of what actually happens on the disk and in the circuits is represented by a ____.
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physical storage model
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Most hard disks are formatted by the ____.
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factory
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____ is the process of creating a CD, DVD, or BD by selecting all the files and then copying them in a single session.
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Disc mastering
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In relation to disks, ____ is a recording technology that lets you record in multiple sessions.
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packet writing
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A group of sectors is called a ____.
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cluster
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The file system used by Mac OS is ____.
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HFS+
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The file system used by Windows 8 is ____.
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NTFS
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The file system used by Windows Vista is ____.
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NTFS
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To delete data from a disk in such a way that no one can ever read it, you should ____.
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use special file shredder software
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Files stored in noncontiguous clusters are ____.
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fragmented
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If your backups are ____, keep them in a safe place.
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local
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Web sites that offer storage space for backups are called ____ backup services.
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online
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An easy way to back up your important data is simply by copying selected files to a ____.
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USB flash drive
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You should consider making backups of your ____.
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all of the above
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____ compares the content of files on two devices and makes them the same.
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Synchronization
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A(n) ____ system backup includes a copy of every file stored on your computer's hard drive. In addition to data files, it includes copies of all installed programs, settings, and the operating system.
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full
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A(n) ____ backup contains any files that were added or changed since the last full backup.
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differential
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A(n) ____ backup makes a copy of only those files that were added or changed since your last backup.
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incremental
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A(n) ____ disk is a bootable CD, DVD, or other media that contains a complete copy of your computer's hard disk as it existed when the computer was new.
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recovery
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A disk ____ is a bit-by-bit copy of the data from all sectors of a disk.
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image
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One file storage metaphor that is based on a hierarchical diagram is sometimes referred to as a ____ structure.
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tree
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CAD software is designed to be used by architects and engineers.
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TRUE
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When devices record your location, there is no possibility of abuse.
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FALSE
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Payroll software is an example of vertical market software.
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FALSE
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Third-party software companies offer additional products that extend and improve upon those supplied by the operating system.
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TRUE
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Utility software includes diagnostics that track down and fix disk errors.
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TRUE
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By using spell checkers and grammar checkers, you are assured your document will be error-free.
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FALSE
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Spreadsheet software provides built-in formulas.
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TRUE
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Most Web apps, like the one shown in the accompanying figure, require installation on your local computer or handheld device.
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FALSE
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A jailbreak lasts until you accept a software update from Apple.
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TRUE
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If you purchase software, it belongs to you, and you can do what you want, including copying it.
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FALSE
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Local applications are installed on a local file server.
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FALSE
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On PCs, executable files have an .exe extension.
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TRUE
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Files that are zipped contain consolidated files that are compressed and ready to execute.
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FALSE
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Even after the media containing portable software is removed from a computer, some traces of the software are left there.
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FALSE
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A new version update usually installs in a similar way as you installed the original version.
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TRUE
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Open source software is copyrighted.
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TRUE
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A zombie is a computer under the control of a bad bot.
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TRUE
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A virus signature is a digitally signed certificate that certifies the file is virus-free.
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FALSE
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Antivirus software does not require any updates.
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FALSE
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A quarantined file is generally encrypted before storing.
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TRUE
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System software is designed to accomplish ____ tasks.
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computer-centric
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Application software is designed to accomplish ____ tasks.
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real-world
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DVD authoring software offers tools for creating DVDs with ____-style menus.
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Hollywood
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3-D graphics software provides a set of tools for creating ____ that represent three-dimensional objects.
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wireframes
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An example of mathematical modeling software is ____.
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Mathcad
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Productivity software that has sophisticated features to help you produce typeset-quality output is considered ____ software.
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desktop publishing
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Software considered to be utility software is ____.
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hard disk backup software
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The type of system software designed to help you monitor and configure settings for your computer system equipment is ____ software.
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utility
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Adobe Reader works with files stored in standard ____ format.
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PDF
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Word ____ determines how your text flows from line to line by automatically moving words down to the next line as you reach the right margin in a word processing document.
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wrap
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____ utilities alter a user's interface to create an accessible environment.
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Adaptive
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An example of software most commonly associated with productivity software is ____.
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word processing software
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Productivity software that provides you with the ability to create, spell-check, edit, and format is considered ____ software.
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word processing
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When using word processing software to analyze the reading level of your document, you should use a ____.
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readability formula
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The paragraph style that is used to assure paragraphs are aligned evenly on both the right and left is ____.
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fully justified
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A page layout includes ____.
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all of the above
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The intersection of a column and a row on a spreadsheet is called a ____.
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cell
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Spreadsheets are particularly useful for ____.
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what-if analysis
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In the accompanying figure, the item marked A is a(n) ____.
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active cell
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In the accompanying figure, the item marked B is a(n) ____.
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label
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In the accompanying figure, the item marked C is a(n) ____.
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value
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A formula can contain ____ and mathematical operators.
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cell references
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In the accompanying figure, the index card represents a single database ____.
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record
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In the accompanying figure, the item marked A represents ____.
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data
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In the accompanying figure, the item marked B represents ____.
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a record
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In the accompanying figure, the items marked C represent ____.
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fields
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To find a particular record or group of records in a database, you use a(n) ____.
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query
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You can use the results from a search on a database in all of these ways EXCEPT to ____.
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create records
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____ queries are questions stated in a language such as English, rather than an esoteric query language.
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Natural language
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____ searches are simply a collection of words relevant to a search.
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Keyword
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____ simply requires you to fill out a form with the type of data you want to locate in a database.
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QBE
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Popular presentation software products include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
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Movie Maker
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Web applications are ____.
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accessed and run on the Web
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Mobile apps ____.
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all of the above
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iPads, iPhones, and iPods are only allowed to download apps from the iTunes App Store, and while apps are available from other sources, using them requires an unauthorized change to the device's software called a(n) ____.
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jailbreak
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The process of overcoming limitations imposed by mobile service providers on an Android phone is called ____.
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rooting
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The Windows ____ is a database that keeps track of your computer's peripheral devices, software, preferences, and settings.
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Registry
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____ applications are software that is installed on a computer's hard disk.
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Local
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When you install a local application, all of its files are placed in the appropriate folders on your computer's hard disk, and then your computer performs any software or hardware ____ necessary to make sure the program is ready to run.
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configurations
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Support program files for PC applications often have a(n) ____ extension.
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.dll
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In the accompanying figure, the file marked A is a(n) ____.
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data file
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In the accompanying figure, the file marked B is a(n) ____.
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executable file
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In the accompanying figure, the files marked C is a(n) ____.
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support program file
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Most applications for PCs consist of multiple files. Additional files contain support modules called ____.
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All of the above
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When installing a PC application, most ____ for new software are placed in the folder you specify.
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both a and b
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A(n) ____ installation gives you access to all features of the software.
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full
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In a(n) ____ installation, the setup program displays a list of software features for your selection.
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custom
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All the following are examples of portable applications EXCEPT ____.
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Microsoft Internet Explorer
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Portable software is ____.
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designed to run from removable storage
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A service pack ____.
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provides updates to the operating system
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To get rid of software you no longer want from a PC, you ____.
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run an uninstall routine
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It is illegal to do all the following with software EXCEPT ____.
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copy and keep as backup
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Indicators of pirated software include all of the following EXCEPT software that ____.
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is downloaded
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A shrink-wrap license goes into effect as soon as you ____.
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open it
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As shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____ is a legal contract that defines the ways in which you may use a computer program.
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softwar license
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The item shown in the accompanying figure is ____.
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displayed on-screen when you first install software
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Software that may be freely copied, distributed, and even resold is ____.
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public domain
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____ is typically sold in computer stores or at Web sites.
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Commercial software
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____ is typically available as a trial version
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Demoware
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____ is typically copyrighted software that is marketed under a try-before-you buy policy.
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Shareware
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____ may be sold or distributed free of charge in compiled form but must always include the source code.
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Open source software
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Product activation can create a ____ based on your validation code and your computer's internal serial number.
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hash value
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During product activation, you must ____.
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enter a product key
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A ____ is any software that can automate a task or autonomously execute a task when commanded to do so.
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bot
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The term rootkit refers to ____.
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software tools used to conceal malware and backdoors
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To avoid security threats, a user can ____.
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avoid opening suspicious email attachments
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A security suite will typically include all of the following EXCEPT ____ software.
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browser
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Security suites can be ____.
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all of the above
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A virus signature is a ____.
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section of program code used to identify a known malicious program
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If virus protection software identifies a virus, it can try to ____.
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all of the above
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