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1 peptidoglycan 2 sporopollenin.

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The structural integrity of bacteria is to 1.________ as the structural integrity of plant spores is to 2.________

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charophytes

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________ group is the most recent common ancestor of all land plants was probably similar to modern-day members

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phragmoplast

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tissues performing nuclear division without intervening cytokineses plant tissue should lack __________

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charophytes and land plants

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sporopollenin , chlorophyll a. cellulose, chlorophyll b are common to both _________ and _______ _________*

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plantae

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A number of characteristics are very similar between charophytes and members of the kingdom ________

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charophytes Plantae.

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chloroplast structure, cell plate formation during cytokinesis, sperm cell structure, ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequences ,are close evolutionary characteristics between __________and members of the kingdom ________

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charophytes and land plants

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glycolate oxidasean peroxisomal enzyme that is associated with photorespiration would be best to develop a test that will distinguish __________ and______ ________* from green algae.

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mitosis protists and fungi.

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In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear envelope disintegrates during 1________. This disintegration does not occur in the cells of most 2_______and 3______

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charophytes

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_________is a group of organisms should feature mitosis most similar to that of land plants

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embryos

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On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophyte recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish water source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of __________ definitively identify this organism as a land plant

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apical meristem

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if__________ is observed in an unidentified green organism, would make it unlikely to be a charophyte

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zygotes zygotes

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Whereas the ________of charophytes may remain within maternal tissues during their initial development, one should not expect to observe specialized placental transfer cells surrounding the ________

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Plantae

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________ taxon is essentially equivalent to the embryophytes

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secondary compounds

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________ ______* =protection from predators

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cuticle

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________=protection from desiccation

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tracheids and phloem

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_________ and ________ are the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients

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animal predation

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________ __________*was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants

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adaptations

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cuticles tracheids reduced gametophyte generation seeds are all ________ to life on land

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apical meristem

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Mitotic activity by the _________ __________* of a root makes increase of the above-ground stem.

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alkaloids

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________ is a secondary compound of embryophytes?

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herbivory

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the rise of ________ probably made the synthesis of secondary compounds most beneficial

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Viridiplantae

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_________ taxa includes the largest amount of genetic diversity among plantlike organisms

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Bryophytes

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________ have all of the following characteristics 1.multicellularity 2.specialized cells 3.tissues walled spores in sporangia a reduced, 4. dependent sporophyte

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Bryophytes

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________ dont have lignified vascular tissue

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sporophytes.

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Plant spores are produced directly by_________

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archegonia

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________ may temporarily contain sporophyte embryos.

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gametangia

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Both male and female bryophytes produce __________

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1 cuticlerosette 2cellulose-synthesizing complexes 3 peroxisomes 4 phenolics

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The leaflike appendages of moss gametophytes may be one- to two-cell-layers thick. 1.______ 2. _______ ________ _________ _______ 3. ________ 4. _______

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bryophytes

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a cellulose cell wall is a general characteristic of _______

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bryophytes

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chlorophylls a and b is a general characteristic of _______

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bryophytes

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being photosynthetic autotrophs is a general characteristic of _______

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bryophytes

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being eukaryotic is a general characteristic of _______

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mosses

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external water is required for fertilization is the life cycle of _________

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mosses

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flagellated sperm are produced is the life cycle of _________

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mosses

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antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes is the life cycle of _________

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mosses

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the gametophyte generation is dominant is the life cycle of _________

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false

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the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte is true of false to the life cycles of mosses ?

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rhizoids archegonia sporangia placental transfer cells

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Bryophytes may feature all of the following at some time during their existence 1. ________ 2.________3.________4.________ _______ _________

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spores

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A fungal infection damages all peristomes, preventing them from performing their function. Which process will be directly hindered as a result broadcast of __________

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Rhizoids

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_________ are not absorptive structures.

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foot

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_________ is a structure that transfers water and nutrients from a bryophyte gametophyte to a bryophyte sporophyte

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Bryophytes

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__________ never formed forests (mats, yes, but not forests) because they lack lignified vascular tissue.

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bryophyte

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In __________ the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition

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the appearance of its spore-producing structures

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You are hiking in a forest and happen upon a plant featuring a central stemlike structure from which sprout many, tiny, leaflike structures. _________ _________ _______ ______ _____ ________ ______ *distinguishes whether it was a true moss, or a club moss?

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1.vascular tissue 2. a waxy cuticle 3. stomata on leaves. 4.a branched sporophyte.

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1. _________ ______* 2.________ _______ ______* 3.______ ___ _______ 4.________ ______ _______all helped seedless plants become better adapted to land

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ferns.

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flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________

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microphylls or megaphylls

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You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. classify the plant whether it has __________or _________ would be most helpful in helping you correctly

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increased spore production

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A major change that occurred during the evolution of plants from their algal ancestors was the origin of a branched sporophyte. What advantage would branched sporophytes provide in this stage of the life cycle?

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monilophytes

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Sporophylls can be found in __________

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pine trees

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__________ _________ *would not yet have been evolved in the forests that became coal deposits

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homosporous.

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If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it belongs to a species that is _________

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sporopollenins

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Besides oil, what other chemical should be detected in substantial amounts upon chemical analysis of these small spheres?

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sporophylls

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Closer observation reveals that these small spheres are produced on tiny extensions of the stem, each of which helps compose the strobilus. These small, spore-producing extensions of the stem are called __________

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seedless vascular plants

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Whole forests were dominated by large, seedless vascular plants during the Carboniferous period is true of ______ ________ ________*

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early bryophytes

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_________ _________* should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

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Lycophyta Bryophyta ChlorophytaMonlophytes

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flagellated (swimming) sperm are generally present in which groups? 1.______ 2._______ 3.________ 4.________

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beneficial adaptation

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decreased numbers of stomata, to maximize absorption of ever-decreasing levels of atmospheric CO2 is a __________ __________ regarding the number of stomata per unit surface area

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