CH 2 – Flashcard Answers
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Florence Nightingale was trained in
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Kaiserswerth, Germany and Sisters of Charity
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Florence Nightingale & the Crimean War
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she took nurses to the British Hostpial in Turkey provided care to soldiers, cleaned and organized the hospital
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Florence Nightingale established the first
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training school for nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London
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Mary Seacole is
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a Jamaican nurse and business women who was the greatest black Briton.
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Mary Seacole was _______ by Nightingale during the Crimean war
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rejected
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Mary Seacole was an expert on
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cholera
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During the Civial War, who worked as nurses?
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catholic orders/nuns
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During the Civil War, what 6 women became leaders?
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Dorothea L. Dix - superintendent of women nurses by union army. Sojourner Truth (abolitionist) & Harriet Tubman (freed slaves) were nurses Susie King Taylor - taught soldiers to read and write Mary Ann "Mother" Bickerdyke - made cleanliness a priority and brought order out of chaos Clara Barton - angel of the battlefield. set up field hospital for wounded and dying in Virginia and also founded the American Red Cross
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civil war helped ________ professional nursing practice
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advance
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the success in the reform of military hospitals served as
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a model for reform of civilian hospitals nationwide
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Sanitary Commission
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relief agency to support wounded and sick soldiers --> lead to creation of nursing schools
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American Medical Association Meeting with chair Samuel Gross did what
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recommend training schools for nurses in large hospitals
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inadequate conditions in many hospitals sparked
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the need for social reform
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Linda Richards was
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the first trained nurse in the US
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Nightingale created school-modeled training schools where?
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Bellevue Training School for Nurses in NYC Connecticut Training School for Nurses in New Haven Boston Training School for Nurses at MGH
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Segregation in Nursing - Boston
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New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boson only admitted one African American and one Jewish student who met qualifications
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Segregation in Nursing - Atlanta
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Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary in Atlanta - 2 year long diploma program
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Chicago World's Fair was
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a meeting of the minds
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Isabel Hampton Robb @ Chicago World's Fair
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protested the lack of uniformity across nursing schools (inadequate curriculum development and nursing education)
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Isabel Hampton Robb founded
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Nurses Associated Alumnae of the US and Canada, which is now known as the American Nurses Association
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Chicago Worl'd Fair - National League for Nursing & American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses were formed to
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address issues in nursing education
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International Council of Nurses was dedicated to
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uniting nursing organizations of all nations
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ANA excluded minority nurses until
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1916
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Henry Street Settlement was formed by
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Lillian Wald and Lavinia Dock
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What did Lillian and Lavinia do in regards to the Henry Street Settlement?
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sought finances and formalized public health treated minor illnesses, prevented disease transmission, provided health education
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Margaret Sanger and Lower East Side
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immigrant women safe contractive and family planning
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Charity Organization Society - President Devine
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provides a black district nurse to work with african americans
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Jessie Sleet Scales and Elizabeth Tyler established
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Stillman House, which is a branch of the Henry Street Settlement.
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Namahyoke Curtis was
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a contract nurse, first trained african american
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Spanish American War Created the need for Nurses so development of
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Army Nurse Corps and Navy Nurse Corps
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Anita McGee was
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head of Hospital Corp during Spanish American War
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Permissive licensure laws
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nurses did not have to be registered to practice but could not use the title of registered nurse unless registered
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Mary Adelaide Nutting & National Committee on Nursing
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charged with adequate supply of nurses Army School of Nursing Vassar Training Camp for Nurses
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Red Cross nursing
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widespread public education in home care and hygiene
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Goldmark Report
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study of nursing education advocated for establishment of schools of nursing encouraged establishment of rural programs of midwifery
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Mary Breckinridge - Rural midwifery service
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she demonstrated that nurses could play a significant role in providing primary rural health care
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The Great Depression & nursing
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many families could no longer afford private duty nurses, forcing many nurses into unemploument
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Social Security Act of 1935 enhanced the practice of public health nursing by
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strengthening public health services and providing medical care for children with disability and blind persons
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WWII - more nurses needed so
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congress enacted substantial support for nursing education -military and collegiate programs of nursing formed the Cadet Nurse Corps -schooling in exchange for commitment to serve
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Hill-Burton Act
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funding for hospitals growth of new facilities and increased need for nurses
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Julie O. Flikke
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first nurse to be promoted to the rank of colonel in US Army
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When HIV came into play
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universal precautions were born there were changes in equipment - needles, IV catheters, gloves
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Medical Technology and life support
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Karen Ann Quinlan - hospital didn't take her off ventilator even though family wanted her off Nancy Cruzan - family wanted her off feeding tube but hospital didn't want to
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stereotype of women in the mid 1800s
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women were intellectually inferior to men, and hence women were not called on to make decisions or think for themselves
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11th, 12th and 13th century - men as nurses under military and religious orders
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men supply strength or control of patients when needed (psychiatric nursing, critical care - lifting patients for example)
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Men in nursing
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men are likely to be younger, employed full-time in nursing, have non-nursing education, and nursing as a second career
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reasons why men become nurses
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desire to help people nursing is a growth profession with career paths desire for a stable career
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nurses were rated the highest among a number of professions and occupations on
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honesty and ethics
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Sigma Theta Tau International Sponsored Woodhull Study on Nursing & the Media
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they examined articles from newspapers and magazines... found that "nurses and the nursing profession are essentially invisible to the media and, consequently, to the american public"
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Johnson & Johnson Campaign
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to enhance the image of nursing profession, recruit new nurses and educators, and to retain nurses currently in the system
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The Truth about Nursing nonprofit organization
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their mission is to "increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care"
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Aging of America - Trends
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people are living longer the number of elderly people is increasing as the number of adults in early midlife is decreasing
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current nursing strategies to tackle aging
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care of elderly in nursing programs gerontology courses gerontological clinical nurse specialists and NPs
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Africans and deep distrust of health care system
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US Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee
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African Americans and Hispanics differed from Whites in that they
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expected discrimination in the health care system
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concept of race depends on
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self identification by respondents; that is, the individual's perception of his/her racial identity
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pharmacogenetics
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mechanism of action of medications can be determined by genetic structures
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biomedical technology
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complex machines or implantable devices nurses assume responsibility
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internal causes of nursing shortage
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salary issues, long hours, increased responsibility for unlicensed workers, significant responsibility with little authority
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external causes of nursing shortage
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changes in demand for nursing services, the increasing age of the american population, greater acuity of hospitalized individuals, public perceptions of nursing as a profession, etc.
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not enough doctoral or masters prepared nurses are
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produced to meet demands for education
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doctorally prepared and masters degree prepared faculty are now, on average, more than 50 years of age, foreshadowing
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a large number of retirements in the next decade
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nurses with advanced degrees who are otherwise eligible for faculty appointments
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are being hired into more lucrative private sector or clinical problems
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two solutions for shortage of RNs
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increase supply of nurses create less trained workers to supplement nursing workforce
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contributing factors to nursing shortage:
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aging nurses and population
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four major initiatives to provide stable workforce of registered nurses
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Robert Wood Foundation Johnson & Johnson's Campaign for Nursing's Future ANCC Magnet Recognition Program
