Ch 14 Videos – Flashcards
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A ____ is defined as a behavioral or psychological symptom that is associated with significant amounts of distress or disability
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mental disorder
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The three categories of risk factors for developing a mental disorder are biological, psychological, and ____
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sociocultural
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Whether or not a mental disorder can be treated effectively often depends on which of the following?
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how well a person adapts to and utilizes the coping skills they learn in therapy
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Children whose parents suffer from depression have a higher risk of developing this mental disorder. This is an example of a ____ risk factor
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genetic
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From a psychological perspective, normal behavior refers to
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healthy, adaptive functioning at a person and professional level
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Why is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, so important to the field of psychology?
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it describes and classifies the different type of psychopathologies, allowing psychologists to assess their clients using consensus-based definitions
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The first DSM was published in
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1952
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Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM?
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the DSM overmedicalizes mild difficulties in adjustment by classifying them as mental disorders
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The DSM relies on a ____ model of psychopathology, meaning that, in general, the decision about whether someone has a mental disorder is simply made on a yes/no basis
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categorical
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Before the development of the DSM, practitioners
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based their diagnoses on their own personal impressions of what people were experiencing
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Which of the following is considered a biological component of major depression?
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disruption of sleep, either insomnia or sleeping too much
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Worrying that is out of proportion to a situation is a psychological component of which of the following mental disorders?
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anxiety disorder
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Jason suffers from a mental disorder. His thinking is often confused and he has a difficult time identifying emotional states in other people and often seems to lack emotion himself. These psychological and social symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders?
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schizophrenia
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Repetitive or obsessive behaviors and an inflexible adherence to routines or rituals are included in the psychological component of which of the following disorders?
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autism spectrum disorder
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Antonia feels completely alone and hopeless. She has withdrawn from her friends and family, lost interest in many of the activities that she used to enjoy, and has experienced significant weight loss. Antonia's symptoms suggest she is suffering from
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major depression
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Always being on your guard would be an example of which PTSD symptom category
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hyper-vigilance
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Which of the following groups commonly suffers from PTSD?
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war veterans
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Events can sometimes be so traumatic that they may change the function of the
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Either amygdala or occipital axis
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What are the three symptom categories of PTSD?
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re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-vigilance
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What is a common first step in treating a person with PTSD?
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get the patient to tolerate thoughts related to the experience
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When Carla applies for several employment positions and remains unemployed, she starts waking up in the night reviewing details from her recent interviews. She wonders about her clothing choices, demeanor, and her answers to each question. Which known feature of depression is she exhibiting?
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Ruminations
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Immediately after learning that her twin brother has been killed in an accident, Carla begins crying and screaming uncontrollably. She then falls to the ground and appears to be having a seizure. These symptoms correspond to a depression-related syndrome known as:
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ataque de nervios
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Carla tells her mother that there is no point in dating since finding love is impossible. She also finds it difficult to enjoy her mother's visit because she is preoccupied with the fact that her mother will soon leave. As far as cognitive schemas related to depression:
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Carla is overgeneralizing and catastrophizing
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In Carla's case, features of depressed mood become evident when:
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Carla shows lack of energy during her mother's visit
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How might the immigrant experience contribute to risk for depression? Indicate which of the following is NOT true.
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There is more pressure to "be happy" in the US than in other countries
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What was going on in Liz's life that caused her such distress that she attempted suicide?
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poor impulse control after finding an email
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Which of the following disorders is commonly comorbid with borderline personality disorder?
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Major Depressive Disorder
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Antipsychotic medications can inhibit dopamine activity in the basal ganglia leading to what type of side effects?
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tremors
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Recent MRI studies indicate that ____ structures are significantly smaller in patients with schizophrenia than in control patients
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midbrain, OR telecephalon, OR hippocampus
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Decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus has been reported in both ____ and ____
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depression; anxiety
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Which of the following is widely assumed to play a role in emotion?
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limbic cortex
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Dopamine activity in the nucleus accumbens is ____ in schizophrenia
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increased
