Ch. 14: The Gathering Tempest – Flashcards
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Where was the Indian Territory?
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Oklahoma
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What was the problem, to Senator Atchinson, with the Nebraska territory?
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It would be added as a free territory because of the Missouri Compromise.
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Who was Senator Atchinson?
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He was the Senator from Missouri. He was a Southern, pro slave man.
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Who was Stephen A. Douglas?
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He was the cairman of the Senate Committee on Territories. He was 5ft. 4in. Douglas was known as the Little Giant.
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What was Douglas's role in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
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He was the sponsor.
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What did he offer in the act that upset southerners?
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He gave the idea of popular sovereignty.
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Was there always a Kansas and Nebraska territory?
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No, the Nebraska territory was there first, but then they split the Nebraska territory into two pieces. The Southern one being Kansas.
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Where the Kansas and Nebraska territories located?
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Kansas: west of Missouri and Nebraska Nebraska: west of Iowa and Minnesota.
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What did the placement of Kansas and Nebraska look like to most northerners?
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They thought that the territories were set up to be Kansas entering slave states into the Union and Nebraska entering free ones.
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Where were Kansas and Nebraska split?
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Somewhat by the Missouri Compromise split line.
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What was most likely Douglas's reason to support and sponsor the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
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It was most likely because of his belief in Manifest Destiny. He wanted North America to be ocuppied by Americans and their businesses.
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What were Douglas's beliefs on slavery?
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He didn't really have a moral opinion of it. In other words, he didn't really care.
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What did Douglas say about slavery to the American people? What was the peoples reaction to this?
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He didn't care wether they voted it up or down as long as they voted. This upset both Northerners and Southerners because they both thought that this was him supporting the other region.
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Who was Abraham Lincoln?
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*Anti slavery Whig *From Illinois *Served 4 years in Illinois legislature
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What was Lincoln's thoughts on slavery?
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He thought it was an evil creation. He thought that America needed to stop the expansion of slavery and then stop slavery all together.
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What were Lincoln's thoughts on Douglas's ideas?
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He didn't believe that such an important issue as slavery should be given as a vote to the people (popular sovereignty).
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What did Douglas say about the expansion of slavery (especially into Kansas)?
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He believed that slavery would be stopped by the climate.
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What did Lincoln call Douglas's argument that the climate would stop the expansion of slavery?
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Lincoln called it a lullaby argument. He also said, "climate will not...keep slavery out of these territories. Nothing in nature will."
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What was the climate of Kansas (especially Eastern Kansas) like?
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It was much like the Missouri River Valley, and there were many slaves that were there. This further disproved Douglas's claim that climate (especially Kansas's) would stop the expansion of slavery.
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Who held anti-Nebraska meetings?
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Abolitionists, Free-Soilers,northern Whigs, and northern Democrats
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Did the Kansas-Nebraska bill pass Senate?
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Yes, they won with 15 of the 20 northern Democratic votes as well as all of the South.
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Did the Kansas-Nebraska bill pass the House?
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Yes, it passed with a vote of 113 to 100.
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What killed the Whig party?
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The Kansas-Nabraska Act controversy split up and killed the Whig party.
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Where did the Whigs go?
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Many southern Whigs went to Democrats. Almost all of the other Whigs, though, became the Republican party.
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What parties made up the Republican Party?
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3/4 northern, antislavery Whigs; Free-Soilers; 1/5 antislavery Democrats
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What was nativism?
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Nativism was the hatred of all immagrants. They were people that believed only native people should be allowed in America.
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What word would describe the 1854 elections?
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Disastrous
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Many of the immigrants that came here in the 1830's were what religon?
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3/4 of them were Protestants.
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What was the percent of immigration in the 1820's compared to the 1830's?
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In the 1820's, the percentage was 1%, and in the 1830's, the percentage was 4%.
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What happened in the 1840's that caused a spike in immigrants to the U.S.?
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Limited land with a big population in Germany caused people to emmigrate and the potato famine in Ireland also did.
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How much did the volume of immigration rise by when the huge spike happened?
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It quadrupled.
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What was the work backgrounds of the Germans and Irish?
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The Irish were not skilled or very sparcely skilled while the Germans were very skilled workers.
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What was the main religon of the Irish and German's?
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They were both mainly Roman Catholics.
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By how much did the number of immigrant voters increase by in Boston between 1850-1855?
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It increased by 200%.
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What party did most immigrants migrate to? Why?
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Democrats because they actually accepted them. They didn't really care that Democrats supported slavery.
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What were the two big poltical issues in the 1850's?
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Temprance (drinking alcohol) and schools (the religous practices within them).
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Who were the Know-Nothings and who could join them?
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The Know-Nothings were known formally as the American Party, but they got the nickname the Know-Nothings because of their vow when they enter the party. To enter the party you must be first a native born Protestant, and then you must make the vow of "I know nothing" when asked questions about your party.
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Where did the Know-Nothings stand as far as the major political issues of the 1850's?
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The Know-Nothings supported temperance, but they opposed the tax support that would be given to to parochial schools.
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What things did the Know-Nothings want?
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They wanted only native-born people to be allowed to hold office and they also wanted the naturlization of immigrants to become U.S. citizens to be extneded from 5 years to 21 years.
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What does the lenthening of the naturalization process remind you of?
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The Alien & Sedition Acts.
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Who supported the Whigs in the 1854 elections?
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The northern Whigs did as well as some of the Democratic party. The Whigs believed in nativism a bit more than teh Democrats, though.
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Who strongly opposed the Know-Nothings?
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The Republicans did.
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What was something that spilt the Know-Nothing Party?
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Slavery split them. Many Northern Know-Nothings actually moved to being Republicans because they disagreed with what their party was doing.
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Who were borderr ruffians and why did they show up?
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Border Ruffians were Missourians that were moving to Kansas territory. They showed up because more Northern people began coming to Kansas than Southern ones and the border ruffians wanted a southern, pro slavery form of government in the Kansas territory.
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What did the border ruffians do to get what they wanted?
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The border ruffians submitted 1,700 illegal ballots in favor of a pro slavery government so they could beat out the Northerners.
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Who led the border ruffians?
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Senator David Atchison
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What did the border ruffians do in the spring for the vote for legislature?
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They once again voted illegally to get a pro slavery legislature.
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How many border ruffians showed up for the vote on legislature?
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4,968
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What did the illegal legislature in Kansas do as far as setting up a government?
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They legalized slavery and adopted a slave code.
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What did President Pierce do about the illegal election?
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He ignored it and removed the governor because he was against the illegal election.
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What did the Free-Party do about the illegal government?
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They refused to follow their laws. So, they adopted their own free constitution and appointed their own governor.
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What legislature from Kanssa was recognized by President Pierce and the Senate?
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They recognized the illegal, pro slavery legislature.
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Where did the pro-slavery Kansas legislature meet?
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They met in Lecompton.
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Which of the two Kansas legislatures did the House of Representatives recognize?
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They recognized the anitslavery legislature.
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Where did the antislavery legislature meet?
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They met in Lawrence.
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What was the reaction of Charles Sumner's speech?
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He was caned by Preston Brooks because Brooks didn't agree with it.
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Who was happy about this attack?
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The South strongly supported this attack and in fact felt pride in it, but the North were appalled and very upset by it.
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What started John Brown to attack?
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The caning of Sumner.
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What did John Brown do in reaction of the caning of Sumner?
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He went to Pottawatomie Creek with four of his sons and three others and killed five men.
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When did the Pottawatomie Creek massacre occur?
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On May 24-25, 1856.
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Who were the candidates of the Election of 1856?
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*Buchanan (Democrat) *Fremont (Republican) *Fillmore (American)
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What region voted for eachof these candidates?
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*Buchanan: Mostly Free States but som Slave States as well *Fremont: All Free states *Fillmore: More slave states than free but not by much and they were pretty small numbers
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What was the main issue of the 1856 election?
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Slavery
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Who won the election of 1856?
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Buchanan
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What was the Democrats platform for the 1856 election?
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They supported popular sovereignty and called the Republican Party an evil, sectional party.
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What was the majority of the Supreme Court in 1856, slave or free thinking men?
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Five slave thinking men and a slave thinking Chief Justice. The Chief Justice was Roger B. Taney.
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Who was Dred Scott?
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He was a Missouri slave. His master took him to military bases in Wisconsin and Minnesota. His master then took him back to Missouri and soon after died.
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Why did Dred Scott sue?
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He sued for his freedom because he believed that if he was in a free territory, it made him a free man.
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What did the Supreme court rule for Dred Scott's case?
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*They decided the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, *Congress can't keep slavery out of territories (5th ammendment), *And they never should have taken the case in the first place because Dred Scott was a slave and thereby property so he had no rights as a citizen and can't sue.
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What did the Supreme Court hope to do with the Dred Scott case?
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They hoped to end the slavery issue.
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Did the Dred Scott case end the slavery issue?
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No
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What was important about the Dred Scott ruling?
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It made slavery allowed everywhere.
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Who worte the Lecompton Constitution?
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The illegal, pro-slavery legislature in Kansas.
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What did the Lecompton Costitution state?
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It stated many things, but most importantly, it legalized slavery.
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Why did the Free-Soilers disapprove the Lecompton Constitution?
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They disapproved because it was a rigged government and a principile they were against.
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What did President Buchanan do about the Lecompton Constitution?
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Since President Buchanan knew that there were more antislave people in Kansas than pro-slave ones, he decided to make two constitutions and let them vote.
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What did the two proposed Kansas constitutions state?
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One of the constitutions allowed slavery and the other didn't.
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Which constitution did Buchanan send to Congress?
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The Constitution with slavery.
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What did Steven Douglas do about the Kansas Constitutions?
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He voted against it which started a huge fight in the House of Representatives.
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What is the American System of manufacturers?
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They created replaceable and removeable parts. They essentially made generic tools for doing work. This started the assembly line.
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What happened in the Panic of 1857?
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Many businesses shut down and people were either unemployed or had big wage cuts. There was a lot of poverty. This also sparked a big push at religon. People started praying and praising their gods more in this scary time.
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What was the role of education in the late 1850's?
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Because of how simple work was, many kids, especially girls, were able to go to school. Women also became teachers.
