CH 13 Psychology – Flashcards
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Psychopathology
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Study of abnormal behavior
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Trepanning
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Ancient surgical technique attempting to release the demons out of someone
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Hippocrates
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Studied blood and found how it related to psychological health
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Renaissance times
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Abnormal behavior was seen as witchcraft
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Cultural relativity
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Refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a persons behavior takes place
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Subjective discomfort
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Emotional distress and instability to function normally
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Freud
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Psychoanalytic model is based on the work of whom
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Psychoanalytic model
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Views repressed thoughts or memories as the cause of psychological disorders
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Cognitive psychologists
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focus on thinking patterns
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Biopsychosocial model
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Considers the input of multiple factors
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What is the consequence of the stigmatization of mental illness
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People don't seek help
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DSM-IV-TR
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Provides symptoms and checklist of specific criteria that must be met for diagnosis of a disorder
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What is on Axis I
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Sexual and gender identity disorders
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What is on Axis V
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Based on the professional's assessment of the person's mental health and adjustment
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What percent of adults suffer from a mental disorder
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22 percent
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Why is there a diagnostic gap?
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Women seek diagnose more than men do
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Phobic disorder
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Experiencing an irrational, persistent fear of a particular thing
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Agoraphobia
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Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible
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What is a panic disorder characterized by?
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Frequent panic attacks
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Intruding thoughts occur again and again and are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts
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Symptom of hypochondriasis
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Being excessively worried about one's health and seeking the opinions of many physicians
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What do behaviorists believe that abnormal behavior result from
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Process of learning, including classical and operant conditioning
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DSM-IV-TR
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Describes disorders in terms of symptoms and specific criteria that must be met in order for diagnosis to be made
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Why are personality disorders and mental retardation charted on Axis II?
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They are seen as more lifelong, stable, and enduring illnesses
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Phototherapy
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Most effective treatments for seasonal affective disorder
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Psychopathology
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Branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior
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What do some Asian cultures view mental illness as?
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A shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members
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What do some psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?
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Culture-bound syndromes
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Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?
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Behavior that is rare
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Which term refers to the way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?
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Social nonconformity
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Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and every day demands of life is considered?
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Maladaptive
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The psychoanalytic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of whom?
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Freud
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Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?
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Behavioral
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What is the primary purpose of the DSM IV TR?
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Help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
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Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
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Phobic disorder
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What mental disorder do some psychologist believe that the dissociative identity disorder is not a real illness but it is misdiagnosed as what?
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Borderline personality disorder
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The term "affect" is used by psychologist to refer to
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Emotion
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How did Hippocrates contribute to modern psychology?
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Theory of the Four Humors, the first ever personality theory
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Cultural relativity
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The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture.
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Maladaptive?
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Not providing adequate adjustment to the situation
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What are specific phobias
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Hydrophobia - a specific fear
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Various ways in which abnormal behavior can be defined
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Statistical abnormality, biological injury
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Name one of the psychological models of the mental illness
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Behavioral
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What are somatoform disorders?
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They are mental disorders
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What is the difference between depression and bipolar disorder?
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Depression is a mood disorder that causes persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest, bipolar is a disorder associated with mood swings
