question

according to the ____________ metaphor, experiences are stashed in the brain like photographs in an album

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storage

question

Clark's nutcrackers apparently recall the location of something like___________ food caches

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2,000

question

forgetting is deterioration of

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performance

question

Kamil and Balda found that Clark's nutcrackers could recall the location of food caches for up to

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6 months

question

the term _________ memory refers to learned behavior that can be expressed, usually in words

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declarative

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Endel Tulving said that ___________ memories have to do with "knowledge of the world"

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semantic

question

jack and jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water. jack falls down and breaks his crown and jill thinks he may have suffered a concussion. to test his memory, she asks him if he remembers what happened. jill is measuring forgetting by the method known as

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free recall

question

another term for episodic memory is ____________ memory

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autobiographical

question

memories that cannot be expressed are called

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nondeclarative

question

riding a bicycle is an example of __________ memory

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procedural

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it turns out that jack can't remember anything that happened from the time he and jill started up the hill. jill takes jack up the hill again and finds that he remembers seeing the well before. jill is measuring forgetting by using

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prompted recall

question

one measure of forgetting is called delayed matching to sample. this procedure could be considered a form of

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prompted recall

question

to measure forgetting, Ebbinghaus used the ______________ method

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relearning

question

the first person to demonstrate the relationship between forgetting and degree of learning was probably

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Ebbinghaus

question

forgetting can be measured as a flattening of the generalization gradient, a procedure called gradient

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degradation

question

forgetting can be studied by requiring the subject to match a stimulus presented earlier, a procedure called

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DMTS

question

when measuring forgetting using the extinction method, the behavior studied is

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put on extinction after the retention interval

question

the first person to argue that the passage of time does not cause forgetting was probably

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McGeoch

question

Harry Bahrick's studies of forgetting have involved retention intervals of up to

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five decades

question

the "man who couldn't forget" was studied by

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Luria

question

the Chase and Simon study comparing class masters and ordinary players showed that when chess pieces were arranged in random order,

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chess masters and ordinary players forgot about the same amount

question

meaningful material is forgotten less readily than nonsense material. this shows the importance of

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previous learning

question

when what we learned on monday interferes with our ability to recall what we learned the following tuesday, we speak of

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proactive interference

question

in _____________ learning, two stimuli, A and B, are presented, the task is then to recall B when presented with A

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paired associate

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Sir Frederick Bartlett's classical study of forgetting, used the story

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the War of the Ghosts

question

the work of Levine and Murphy suggests that people are more likely to forget what they read if they

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disagree with it

question

a study of immobilized cockroaches showed the importance of ______________ in forgetting

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retroactive interference

question

the Jenkins and Dallenback study of forgetting after sleep suggests that forgetting is a function of

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learning

question

when forgetting occurs because the environment during recall is different from the environment during training, is said to be

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cue-dependent

question

Loftus found that eyewitness reports are influenced by the words used to ask about the event. in one experiment, she found that use of the word "smashed" produced higher estimates of car speed than use of the word

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hit

question

the names of the great lakes can be recalled with help of the acronym

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HOMES

question

a system for learning with flashcards is known by the acronym

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SAFMEDS

question

forgetting is a deterioration in learned performance following a period without practice. T/F

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true

question

declarative knowledge is also called explicit knowledge. T/F

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true

question

the "savings method" is one way of measuring forgetting. T/F

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true

question

the measure of forgetting called gradient degradation has to do with extinction. T/F

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false

question

the length of the retention interval is unrelated to the degree of forgetting. T/F

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false

question

the Jenkins and Dallenback study of forgetting after sleep suggests that forgetting is a function of learning. T/F

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true

question

the name Benton Underwood is associated with paired associate learning. T/F

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true

question

marjory memorized her part in the school play thoroughly in her apartment, but found that she couldn't remember her lines at rehearsal. her trouble is consistent with the effects of context cues. T/F

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true

question

in one of Rovee-Collier's experiments with babies and mobiles, after a retention interval there was no sign of forgetting when the context was the same as that during training. T/F

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true

question

the period between the end of a learning experience and its recall is called the _________ interval

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retention

question

declarative memories include _________ and ________ memories

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semantic; episodic

question

when the task is to identify stimuli to which the subject was exposed earlier, the measure of forgetting used is called

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recognition

question

studies of interference often involve learning pairs of words. this procedure is called paired ________ learning

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associate

question

bob is introduced to matilda at a party. a few minutes later he is introduced to harriet. when he meets matilda again he can't recall her name. this is most likely an example of ____________ interference

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retroactive

question

when performance varies with an organism's physiological condition it is said to be

answer

state-dependent

CH 12: FORGETTING – Flashcards

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