CFS 211 Chapter 1 Practice Questions
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In a published paper, a researcher offers several specific examples of children's behaviors and verbalizations during the course of the experiment, identifying the children by name. Which of the following research rights did the investigator violate?
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privacy
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A correlation coefficient of -.52 indicates a _________ relationship between two variables.
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moderate
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Compared with agemates, adolescents from immigrant families are ___________ likely to _____________.
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less; use drugs and alcohol or to have early sex
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Many parents of first- and second- generation youths from ethnic groups face considerate financial hardships. Why are their children able to be successful, despite these hardships?
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They maintain family values and strong ethnic-community ties.
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Today's researchers recognize both consistency and variability in children's development and have adopted a dynamic systems perspective that
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views the child's mind, body, and physical and social worlds as an integrated system
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Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a _______ process.
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socially mediated
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The new area of research called evolutionary development psychology seeks to understand
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the adaptive value of species-wide competencies as they change with age
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Lev Vygotsky believed that _________ is necessary for children to acquire they ways of thinking and behaving that make up a community's culture
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social interaction
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In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the microsystem consists of
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activities and interaction patterns in the child's immediate surroundings
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The design of digital computers that use mathematically specified steps to solve problems inspired the _________________ perspective.
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information-processing
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Freud's theory has been criticized for
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overemphasizing the influence of sexual feelings in development.
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____________ believe that directly observable events are the appropriate focus of study
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Behaviorists
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Unlike Freud, Erikson pointed out that
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development extends beyond adolescence, through the lifespan
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According to Piaget's cognitive-development theory, children are
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active learners
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Which of Freud's psychosexual stages corresponds to Erikson's psychosocial stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
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anal
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The psychoanalytic perspective
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is no longer in the mainstream of child development research
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The three broad domains of human development are
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physical, cognitive, and emotional and social
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The nature-nurture controversy in child development refers to a debate about
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whether genetic or environmental factors are more important
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Which of the following has been linked to resilience?
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associating with peers who value school achievement
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Dr. Manning believes that children who are high or low in a characteristic, such as sociability, will remain so at later ages. Dr. Manning emphasizes
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stability
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Which of the following statements regarding theories of child development is true?
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There are many theories that offer very different ideas about what children are like
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Along with Benjamin Spock's and Child Care, _______'s books on child development became a central part of a rapidly expanding popular literature for parents
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Arnold Gesel
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John Locke viewed the child as a tabula rasa. According to this philosophy, children
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do little to influence their own destinies
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G. Stanley and Arnold Gesell launched the normative approach, in which
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measures of behavior are taken on large numbers of individuals
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Charles Darwin's theories prompted other researchers to make careful observations of all aspects of children's behavior. Out of these first attempts to document an idea about development, __________ was born
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scientific child study
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In his socio-cognitive theory, Albert Bandura believed that from watching others engage in self-praise and self-blame and through feedback about the worth of their own actions, children develop
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a sense of self-efficacy
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Resilience is the ability to
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adapt effectively in the face of threats to development
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Which of the following has been linked to resilience
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associating with peers who value school achievement
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The study of child development provides no ultimate truth because
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investigators do not always agree on the meaning of what they see
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Which of the following is a hallmark of middle childhood period
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improved athletic abilities
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According to the dynamic systems perspective
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development is the process of transmitting cultural values, beliefs, customs, and skills to the next generation
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The design of digital computers that use mathematically specified steps to solve problems inspired the _____________ perspective
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information-processing
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In Brofenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the macro system consists of
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cultural values, laws, customs, and resources
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Family chaos
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contributes to children's behavior problems
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Jean- Jacques Rousseau viewed children as
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noble savages
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Darwin's emphasis on _________________ found its way into important development theories
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the adaptive value of physical characteristics and behavior
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The ______________ variable is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable
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independent
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Longitudinal studies permit investigator to
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examine relationships between early and later events and behaviors
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Which of the following statements about the use of deception in studies with children is true?
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Deception may have serious emotional consequences for some youngsters
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Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as a ______________ process
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socially mediated
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In a _____________- design, the researcher presents children with novel task and follows their master over a series of closely spaced sessions
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microgenetic
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Research on Piaget's cognitive-development theory indicates that
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he underestimated the competencies of infants and preschoolers
