Cell Reproduction, Specialization, and Technology – Flashcards
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Chemicals used in chemotherapy treatments to fight cancer can also harm cells in hair follicles and bone marrow. What characteristic do these cells most likely share with cancerous cells? Cell Cycle
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They divide rapidly.
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What is the purpose of the cell cycle? Cell Cycle
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growth, repair, and reproduction of cells
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A cell begins to send out incorrect chemical signals to neighboring cells. During which phase of the cell cycle did the cause of the change most likely happen? Cell Cycle
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S phase
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At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle can a DNA mutation occur? Cell Cycle
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S phase
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Which can disrupt the cell cycle? Cell Cycle
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cancer
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Which is the main reason cells are replaced in the body? Cell Cycle
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The cells are damaged.
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At which point in the eukaryotic cell cycle does mitosis occur? Cell Cycle
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after the G2 phase
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Bacteria are single-celled organisms that make copies of themselves through mitosis. Which decribes the function of the cell cycle in bacteria? Cell Cycle
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reproduction
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Each year, about 1.2 million cases of skin cancer are reported worldwide. An increased exposure to environmental conditions is a major link to the increase in cases. Based on this information, which is the best conclusion? Cell Cycle
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Limiting exposure to the sun may reduce the chance of skin cancer.
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An example of mitosis at work is a plant root Mitosis
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elongating.
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Scientists use tissue cultures to study possible medicines that can be used to treat cancer patients. What is one benefit of this procedure? Mitosis
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Patients do not receive harmful or ineffective medication.
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Mitosis is important because it allows Mitosis
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new cells to replace old damaged cells.
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Which statement accurately describes the relationship between cytokinesis and mitosis? Mitosis
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Cytokinesis follows mitosis.
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Which is the end result of cytokinesis? Mitosis
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two cells that have two identical copies of DNA
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Centromeres split apart during Mitosis
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anaphase
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Early in mitosis, the nucleus, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope begin to dissolve in preparation for cell division. In which stage of the cell cycle is this process reversed? Mitosis
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telophase
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Tissue cultures (samples of cancer cells) are taken from cancer patients, and the cells are then grown in a laboratory. What is the purpose of growing cancer cells in a laboratory? Mitosis
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to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients
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Which part of cell division is different in plant and animal cells? Mitosis
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cytokinesis
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Which are replicated during interphase? Mitosis
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chromosomes
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How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis? Mitosis
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growth of cell and replication of DNA
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In which phase of mitosis are chromosomes first seen as a result of chromatin coiling? Mitosis
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prophase
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It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. This is because otherwise healthy cells can Mitosis
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become cancer cells.
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During which phase of meiosis does crossing over of chromosomes occur? Meiosis
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prophase I
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Which discovery did Gregor Mendel make? Meiosis
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Traits are inherited independently of each other.
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How many chromosomes does a child inherit from his or her parents? Meiosis
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23 from the mother and 23 from the father
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Which are produced as a result of meiosis? Meiosis
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gametes
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How many homologous chromosome alignments are possible for independent assortment during meiosis? Meiosis
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two
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Why is meiosis important for organisms? Meiosis
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It allows for genetic variation among organisms.
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The number of chromosomes in each cell goes from diploid to haploid after Meiosis
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anaphase II
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Which three processes are methods of genetic recombination? Meiosis
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crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization
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Which best illustrates the result of the process of meiosis? Meiosis
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A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
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What is the end result of meiosis? Meiosis
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four different daughter cells
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Three cells undergo meiosis. How many haploid cells are produced? Meiosis
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12
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Which best defines a diploid cell during meiosis? Meiosis
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a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell
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If an organism's diploid number is 12, what would be its haploid number? Meiosis
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6
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Which definition correctly describes a haploid cell during meiosis? Meiosis
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a cell that has one complete set of chromosomes
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Which is a homologous chromosome pair? Meiosis
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tetrad
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Which consist of sperm cells and egg cells? Meiosis
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gametes
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Which best describes meiosis? Meiosis
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It produces male and female sex cells.
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Which process must the cell undergo to have identical cells at the end of cell division? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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mitosis
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Fewer offspring is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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sexual reproduction
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Which include the male and female sex cells? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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gametes
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Which is required for sexual reproduction? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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meiosis
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A slow reproduction process is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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sexual reproduction
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Rapid reproduction is an advantage of which process? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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asexual reproduction
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A species of mud snail was studied for five years. During this time, scientists observed the season in which they mated, the number of offspring they produced, and the results of such stressors as drought, famine, and lack of mates. Which question were the scientists most likely studying? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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Are mud snails able to reproduce both asexually and sexually?
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Which of these pairings is correct? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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mitosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces diploids
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The first correlation below shows the relationship between types of cell division. Below that is a correlation showing the types of cells that each type of cell division produces. Finish the bottom correlation based on the type of cells produced. Mitosis: Meiosis Somatic cell:? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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Gamete Cell
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Mitosis produces which cell type? Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
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diploid
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In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. What does this say about the conclusion? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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It is well supported.
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Which best describes homeostasis? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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Specialized cells work independently to perform specific functions and also as a team to perform the functions of the body.
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Which specialized cells are responsible for transmitting messages throughout the body? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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neurons
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Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.
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Which cell is unspecialized? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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stem cell
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Scientists use squid nerve cells in research because the nerve cells of a squid are 1,000 times fatter than those of a human. How is the outcome of nerve cell research most likely to be affected if scientists were to study human nerve cells directly? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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The outcome would be the same because in both cases a nerve cell is being researched.
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Which cells are considered immortal? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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stem cells
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Which best describes red blood cells? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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They transport oxygen throughout the body.
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A zygote consists of how many cells? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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one
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Which is a source of adult stem cells? Cell Differentiation and Specialization
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bone marrow
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In his study of pea plants, Gregor Mendel used which method to produce offspring? Topic Review Activity
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cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits
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In which series are the stages of interphase in the correct order? Topic Review Activity
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G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
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Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents? Topic Review Activity
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fertilization
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Which process produces clones? Topic Review Activity
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asexual reproduction
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In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. Which conclusion is that? Topic Review Activity
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Cancer cells lack contact inhibition.
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Which of these pairings is incorrect? Topic Review Activity
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epithelial cells, react to stimuli
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Living organisms respond to changes in environmental conditions such as temperature. Which series lists the correct order in which the body would respond to such a change? Topic Review Activity
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cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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The equations summarize the process of fertilization. Which equation represents fertilization? Topic Review Activity
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haploid + haploid = diploid
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Which statement best describes the overall change that occurs as a result of mitosis? Topic Review Activity
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One cell becomes two cells that have identical copies of DNA.
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Scientists studied reproduction in the New Zealand mud snail to answer the question, "Are there benefits to reproducing sexually or asexually?" Which of these hypotheses would least likely aid the scientists as they worked to answer the question? Topic Review Activity
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Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails' need for social interaction.
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Imagine that a disorder that causes the cell cycle to stop affects the muscle cells of a frog's leg. What consequence is most likely to follow? Topic Review Activity
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An injury to the muscle will not heal.
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In which of these stages is mitosis most important? Topic Review Activity
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A cub tiger begins to grow.
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Meiosis produces which cell type? Topic Review Activity
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haploid
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Which statement best explains why meiosis produces haploid cells rather than diploid cells? Topic Test
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All the major organs of the body are formed by week 10 of gestation. Which process makes this possible? Topic Test
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Which type of cell is capable of self-renewal? Topic Test
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What is the purpose of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle? Topic Test
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Which function of the cell cycle is especially important to burn victims? Topic Test
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Which best describes embryonic stem cells? Topic Test
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Which describes the process of a bacterial cell dividing to create two daughter cells? Topic Test
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Which describes the four cells that are produced at the end of meiosis? Topic Test
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Which stem cells are capable of only limited differentiation? Topic Test
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A cell contains the same DNA as its parent cell. This is a result of which process? Topic Test
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A sperm cell and an egg cell fuse to form which structure? Topic Test
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Which cells are most likely to react in the event that there is a reduction in the supply of oxygen to a person's foot? Topic Test
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During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve? Topic Test
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