Cell Cycle, Cancer, Stem Cell Review – Flashcards
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During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids begin to move toward the poles (apart from each other)?
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Anaphase
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Which phase of the cell cycle is longest
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G1
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List the stages of the M phase in the correct order?
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Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
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If a parent cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
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12
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Which part of the chromosome links sister chromatids together?
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Centromere
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What is the genetic material that is composed of DNA and proteins that condenses to form chromosomes?
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Chromatin
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What phases make up interphase?
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G1, S, G2
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List the 3 major checkpoints of the cell cycle
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G1/S G2/M Spindle
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During which phase does the spindle checkpoint occur?
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Metaphase
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Which checkpoint is the most critical?
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G1/S
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What does a tumor suppressor gene do?
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(stop) cell division
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List 3 things that could cause mutations to occur
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UV Radiation Chemical Exposure Cigarette Smoke Radiation Exposure Age Genetics
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In what type of tumor do cells remains at the original site of the lump?
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Benign
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What cells in our bodies are rapidly dividing (other than cancer)?
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Hair Blood Skin Intestinal
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What is apoptosis?
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Programmed cell death "cell suicide"
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What is the term used if more tumors are started?
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Metastasis
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What is cancer?
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Failure to control cell division
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What cancer treatment is used to target specific phases of the cell cycle?
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Chemotherapy
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What is a stem cell?
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An unspecialized cell that can become specialized
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These stem cells can form ANY kind of cell
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Totipotent
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The stem cells from adults are...
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Multipotent
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The stem cells from a blastocyst are
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Pluripotent
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The proto-oncogene tells the cell to
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Start dividing
