Cell Biology Study Guide – Flashcards
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Cell theory
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the theory that all living things are made of cells
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eukaryote
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an organism with cells characteristic of all life forms (except primitive microorganisms like bacteria) these cells have a nuclei
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prokaryote
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a cell that doesn't have a nuclei
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cell
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the basic building blocks of all living things - a microorganism within all living things
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cell membrane
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the part of the cell that lets things in and out of the cell
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cell wall
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similar to a normal wall - provides protection and support for the cell
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ribosome
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produces proteins from old materials for the cell (protein production factories)
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mitochondria
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this is the "powerhouse" of the cell -- it produces energy for the cell
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nucleus
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holds genetic material and manages activities within the cell
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chloroplast
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it captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into energy
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proteins
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substances that help build and maintain cells
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enzymes
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protein substances that speed up chemical reactions
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nucleic acids
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very long organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphurous, contain instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life
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carbohydrates
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the starches and sugars present in foods (and cells)
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lipids
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fats and oils
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element
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a pure chemical substance that consists of one type of atom
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compound
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a substance that is made up of two or more elements
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organic compound
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any compound of carbon and another element
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inorganic compound
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A compound that does not contain carbon
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diffusion
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when molecules "even out" or get dispersed evenly
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osmosis
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diffusion of water specifically (through a membrane that lets through only certain things)
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passive transport
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when chemicals move without energy -- to even out
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active transport
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when chemicals move with energy -- to "undiffuse"
