Causes Of World War I Test Questions – Flashcards
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This "____________" was the largest, most destructive war the world had seen yet.
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Great War
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What type of war was WWI?
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Global war
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What did it do to the 20th century?
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altered its course
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From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments gradually increased ________ among the european powers
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tensions
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What led to the outbreak of world war I?
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increased tensions among the european powers
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M.A.I.N
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militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism
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M-What did the industrial revolution lead to?
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large, advanced militaries in europe
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M-What did europeans believe they had to have in order to be great?
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nations had to have strong militaries
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M-What happened as a result?
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an arms race began among european nations
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M-who was especially involved in this arms race?
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Britain and Germany
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M-What did nations glorify?
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military power
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M-What did nations keep to be prepared for war?
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an army
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M-What did having a strong army increase among citizens?
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patriotism
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A-What did growing rivalries among nations lead to?
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the formation of 2 military alliances
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A- what did the 2 military alliances do?
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threatened to draw european nations into war
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A-Which 3 places made up the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
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A-Which 3 places made up the Triple Entente?
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England, France, Russia
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I-What did european nations compete fiercely for?
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colonies in africa and asia
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I-What did the competition for colonies often push europeans to?
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the brink of war
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I-What did this competition increase?
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european rivalry and mistrust
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N-What did rivalries due to militarism and imperialism increase?
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nationalism among european powers
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N-What did european rivals try to maintain?
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a balance of power while trying to over power each other
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N-While nationalism unified people in the powerful nations, what else was it doing?
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dividing people in weakening empires
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N-No region was more tense in the years before world war I than who?
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the balkans
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N-Which 5 places broke from the ottoman empire to create new nations?
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serbia, greece, albania, bulgaria and romania
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N-Who wanted to unify all slavs?
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slavic people in serbia
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N-who opposed giving up the largely slavic territories bosnia and herzegovina?
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Austria-Hungary
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N-What did the balkans become waiting for a spark to blow up?
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"powder keg"
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Who did serbia vow to take bosnia and herzegovina from?
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Austria-hungary
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On June 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated by who?
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a serbian terrorist
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On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued what?
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an ultimatum to serbia
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what was the ultimatum to serbia? (what did it say)
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turn over conspirators and allow an investigation or go to war
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When serbia balked some of the terms, what happened?
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Austria-Hungary declared war on June 28, 1914
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Russia had a large population of slavs and was an ally of who?
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serbia
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Who moved troops to the Austrian border?
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Russia
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These events set off a chain reaction that started what?
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World war I
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During the war, who became central powers?
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Germany and Austria-Hungary
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Who was Germany and Austria-Hungary joined by in the central powers?
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Bulgaria and the ottoman empire
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What did the members of the triple entente become known as?
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the allied powers and were eventually joined by many nations throughout the world
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From 1870 to 1914, the growth of what 4 things increased tensions among european nations?
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militarism, alliances, imperialism and nationalism
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What led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914?
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Nationalism among slavs in the balkans
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What triggered alliances and started world war I?
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conflict between serbia and austria-hungary
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When the war began in August 1914, europeans were __________ about fighting
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enthusiastic
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when did most people anticipate the war would be over by?
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christmas 1914
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were the people right?
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no
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When the war began, what was Germany's biggest problem?
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potential of fighting on 2 fronts
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What was germany's solution?
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the schlieffen plan
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What did the schlieffen plan involve quickly?
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defeating france in the west then sending troops to the east before russia was fully mobilized for war
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When did the schlieffen plan seem to be working?
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when the german army marched through belgium and france, within miles of paris
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Who saved Paris at the battle of marne?
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english and french troops
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When russia mobilized faster than expected, what did germany have to do?
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divert troops from france
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What happened as a result of the schlieffen plan failing?
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central powers were forced to fight a two-front war
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What was the fighting between germany and france known as?
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the western front
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what was the fighting between germany and russia known as?
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eastern front
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By 1915, what did the war settle into?
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a stalemate as each side fortified their positions with trenches
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What new weapons were invented to try to gain an advantage and win the war?
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Machine guns, long range artillery, tanks, airplanes and zeppelins, flame throwers and grenade launchers, poison gas and submarines
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What did new weapons do more effectively?
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kill soldiers more effectively
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during world war I, how many soldiers died and how many were wounded?
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8.5 million soldiers died, 21 million soldiers were wounded
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What did fighting on the western front do?
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slowed to a stalemate so neither side could gain an advantage
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During the 10 month battle of verdun in 1916, how many soldiers were killed or wounded?
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1 million
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Where were another 1 million soldiers killed and wounded?
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the battle of somme
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Despite the deaths, did the allies or central powers gain anything after these battles?
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no
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On the eastern front, who was struggling to hold against the german military?
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the russian army
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What was different about russia from all the rest of europe?
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they were not as industrialized and couldnt produce enough food or weapons
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Millions of russian soldiers and civilians _______ during the war
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died
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By 1917, russia was on the brink of _______
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collapse
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What did the stalemate on the western and eastern fronts turn world war I into?
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a war of attrition where each side tried to out produce and outlast the enemy
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What did nations commit to to win world war I?
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total war
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What were converted to make war equipment?
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factories
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what were rationed in order to prioritize military needs?
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industrial resources
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what did governments use to draft civilians into the military?
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conscription
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what was used to maintain civilian support for the war?
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propaganda
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what was used to gain resources or additional soldiers?
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overseas colonies
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to keep germany from trading with other nations, what did britain use?
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its navy to blockade europe
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how did germany respond to the blockade?
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by using unrestricted submarine warfare to attack the british navy and any merchant ships supplying for allies
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what played a role in bringing the USA into world war I
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german u-boat attacks
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when world war I began in 1914, what did the USA do?
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remained neutral
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In 1917, what happened to the USA?
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they were dragged into the war
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As a neutral nation, who was the USA trading with during the war?
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allies
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What did germanys policy of unrestricted submarine warfare lead to?
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attacks on the US merchant ships and british passenger ships
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What did president woodrow wilson demand?
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freedom of the seas
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did germany listen to woodro wilson?
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no
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Why were americans outraged in May 1915?
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a german u-boat sank the british ship Lusitania killing 1,200 people including 128 americans
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Americans anger with germany increased in 1917 after the discovery of what?
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Germany knew that u-boat attacks would eventually bring who into war?
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the USA
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Who did germany propose to attack the USA in exchange for the return of texas, new mexico, and arizona?
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mexico
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On April 2, 1917, who did the USA declare war on?
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Germany
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The arrival of millions of american soldiers in 1918 gave what to the allies?
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a boost
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In november 1917, what did russia do?
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signed a peace treaty and exited the war
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By 1918, what happened to the central powers?
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they tried a massive attack into france since they were running out of supplies
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What did the allies do in response?
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halted the attack and pushed back
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Who surrendered in october 1918?
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bulgaria, ottoman empire, and austria-hungary
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on november 11, 1918 what did germany agree to?
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an armistice and world war I came to an end
