Carr – World History Honors – Chapter 19-22 (9th test) – Flashcards
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Adam Smith
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A Scottish economist - wrote 'The Wealth of Nations' - advances free market enterprise/economy.
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Albert Einstein
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Created the theory of relativity (matter cannot move faster than the speed of light, E=mc2, space is curved).
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Created the telephone ("Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.").
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Antony Van Leeuwenhoek
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He was a Dutch scientist that created the microscope - studied bacteria, red blood cells, and yeast.
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Assembly Line
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Used in mass production to reduce production time using interchangeable parts.
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Black Country
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An industrial region in North West England that had poor sanitation and smog.
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Charles Darwin
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Wrote 'The Origin of Species' - thought about natural selection and survival of the fittest - sparked the theory of evolution.
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Charles Dickens
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Wrote 'Hard Times' about the struggles of London's poor.
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Cottage Industry
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In this, the labor was performed at home (weaving was a part of it).
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Daimler and Benz
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They each developed practical automobiles.
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Denis Diderot
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A French Philosopher - created the (35 volume) Encyclopedia.
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Dimitri Mendeleyev
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Created the periodic table.
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Eli Whitney
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He invented the cotton gin that would clean seeds out of cotton.
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Entrepreneur
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Someone who starts a new business.
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Francois-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)
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Attacked injustice among nobility, government, and church - was imprisoned twice - fought for justice and liberty.
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Galileo Galilei
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Invented the telescope - saw craters on the moon, sunspots, Saturn, moons of Jupiter, and the Milky Way.
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Geocentric theory
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Theory that the Earth was at the center of the universe - challenged traditional theories.
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Guglielmo Marconi
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Created the wireless telegraph (radio).
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Heliocentric theory
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Theory that the sun was the center of the universe.
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Henry Bessemer
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He strengthened steel making (locomotives, tracks, bridges).
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Henry Ford
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He built the first affordable cars (Model T) - used the assembly line in mass production.
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Impressionism
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When artists developed an artistic style concerned with capturing and impression of a scene.
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Ivan Pavlov
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Studied animals and reflex actions.
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James Watt
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Invented the steam engine in 1712 (crucial to industrialization).
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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A French Philosopher that thought society corrupted people - he wrote 'The Social Contract'.
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Jethro Tull
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Created the seed drill which made planting of grain more efficient.
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Johannes Kepler
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Tycho Brahe's assistant - thought that planets orbited the sun (elliptical).
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John Locke
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English philosopher that believed all people were born equal with natural rights.
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Karl Marx
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Thought that Laissez-faire was bad and predicted the collapse of capitalism.
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Laissez-faire
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The idea that the government should not get involved in economic affairs.
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Leo Tolstoy
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Thought war was chaotic and wrote 'War and Peace'.
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Louis Pasteur
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Showed the link between microbes and disease - created pasteurization so that food was germ-free.
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Luddite Movement
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When the cottage industry workers burned factories and smashed machines.
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Marie and Pierre Curie
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Discovered radioactivity (energy released as elements break down).
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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She demanded equal rights for women - 'A Vindication for the rights of Woman'.
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Michael Faraday
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Discovered magnetism through electricity in motors (early electric generators).
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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He was a Polish Astronomer - created the Heliocentric Theory.
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Philosophes
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People that studied philosophy - enlightened thinkers from France.
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Realism
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When artists created a style that portrayed details of everyday life.
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Robert Fulton
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Invented steamships - created 'The Clermont' (a ship).
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Robert Hooke
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He was an English physician that created the term "cell".
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Samuel Morse
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He created the telegraph and a 'language' for messages (cable to Europe).
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Sigmund Freud
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Studied hypnotism and psychoanalysis.
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Sir Isaac Newton
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He brought together math, science, astronomy, and physics - created the Law of Universal Gravitation.
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Socialism
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When the government owns property and controls business.
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Theory of Evolution
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Theory that humans come from other species.
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Thomas Edison
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He created the incandescent light bulb and the phonograph.
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Thomas Hobbes
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An English thinker that viewed the government in Leviathan (absolute monarchy was best - freedom in exchange for peace, safety, order).
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Wright Brothers
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They created the first powered flight.
