Cardiovascular systems & Lymphoid System questions – Flashcards
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Which of these organs is NOT found in the mediastinum? 1. esophagus 2. trachea 3. lung 4. pericardial sac
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lung
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Blood flowing in the vena cava will next enter the ____. 1. right ventricle 2. left ventricle 3. right atrium 4. left atrium
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right atrium
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Cardiac veins empty their blood into the __________. 1. left atrium 2. right atrium 3. left ventricle 4. right ventricle
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right atrium
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During the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, which ion is entering the cardiac muscle cell? 1. potassium 2. calcium 3. sodium 4. hydrogen
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calcium
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Which wave is the largest in the electrocardiogram? 1. P 2. R 3. Q 4. S
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R
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The conducting system in the heart begins in the ____. 1. AV bundle 2. AV node 3. Purkinje fibers 4. SA node
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SA node
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Ventricular systole begins with the __________. 1. closing of the aortic valve 2. opening of the mitral valve 3. opening of the aortic valve 4. closing of the mitral valve
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closing of the mitral valve [ventricular systole = the contraction of the heart ventricles. It begins with the first heart sound]
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The wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the right; the left ventricle pumps more blood than the right. Are these two statements true or false? 1. The first is false; the second is true. 2. Both statements are true. 3. The first is true; the second is false. 4. Both statements are false.
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The first is true; the second is false.
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Which of these is NOT needed to determine cardiac output? 1. heart rate 2. end systolic volume 3. blood pressure 4. end diastolic volume
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blood pressure
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Which of these responses by the heart will sympathetic stimulation NOT cause? 1. increased end-systolic volume 2. increased heart rate 3. increased cardiac output 4. increased stroke volume
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increased end-systolic volume
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The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are _____. 1. capillaries 2. arterioles 3. tunica intima 4. arteries
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capillaries
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Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system? 1. right ventricle 2. smooth muscle in the tunica media 3. arterial pressure greater than venous pressure 4. venous pressure greater than arterial pressure
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arterial pressure greater than venous pressure
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Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure ____. 1. raises arterial pressure 2. lowers heart rate 3. raises heart rate 4. forces more fluid across the endothelium
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forces more fluid across the endothelium
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Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers? 1. hypothalamus 2. pons 3. medulla oblongata 4. thalamus
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medulla oblongata
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Hemorrhage triggers ALL of these responses EXCEPT __________. 1. release of the venous reserve 2. an increase in urine production 3. an increase in heart rate 4. an increase in erythropoiesis
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an increase in urine production
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The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung. 1. oxygenated; from 2. oxygenated; to 3. deoxygenated; to 4. deoxygenated; from
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deoxygenated; to
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Which of these arteries does NOT originate on the aortic arch? 1. left subclavian 2. left carotid 3. brachiocephalic 4. coronary
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coronary
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Which of these arteries does NOT originate on the abdominal aorta? 1. iliac 2. femoral 3. splenic 4. renal
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femoral
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The remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus is the _____. 1. fossa ovalis 2. foramen ovale 3. umbilical strand 4. ligamentum arteriosum
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ligamentum arteriosum
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All of these changes in the cardiovascular system are commonly seen in aging EXCEPT _______. 1. decrease in hematocrit 2. decrease in arterial wall stiffness 3. decrease in cardiac output 4. decrease in valve efficiency
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decrease in arterial wall stiffness
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Which cell type is essential to the immune response? 1. monocytes 2. keratinocytes 3. lymphocytes 4. fibrocytes
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Lymphocytes
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The composition of lymph is most similar to __________. Select ALL that apply: 1. gastric juice 2. blood 3. plasma 4. interstitial fluid
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Plasma & Interstitial fluid
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All of these types of cells are lymphocytes EXCEPT ___________. 1. NK 2. Y2K 3. B 4. T
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Y2K
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Which of these defense cells are NOT phagocytic? 1. lymphocytes 2. neutrophils 3. macrophages 4. eosinophils
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lymphocytes
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Which of these is NOT a property of the immune response? 1. It may be cell-mediated. 3. It must be acquired. 3. It is triggered by an antigen. 4. It may be antibody-mediated
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It must be acquired
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Which defense cells can specifically identify and directly kill disease cells? 1. suppressor T lymphocytes 2. cytotoxic T lymphocytes 3. plasma cells 4. B lymphocytes
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cytotoxic T lymphocytes
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Which defense cells secretes lymphokines that regulate immunity? 1. helper T cells 2. CD8 cells 3. memory T cells 4. B lymphocytes
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helper T cells
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B cells are __________. 1. capable of division 2. sensitized by exposure to antigen 3. activated by helper T cells 4. B cells have all of these properties
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B cells have all of these properties
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Each of these is a class of immunoglobulins EXCEPT __________. 1. Immunoglobulin A 2. Immunoglobulin M 3. Immunoglobulin G 4. Immunoglobulin B
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Immunoglobulin B
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Delayed hypersensitivity is a type of __________. 1. allergy 2. skin infection 3. immunodeficiency disease 4. autoimmune disease
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allergy
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Ventricular systole begins with the __________. 1. closing of the mitral valve 2. opening of the mitral valve 3. closing of the aortic valve 4. opening of the aortic valve
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closing of the mitral valve
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In the case of hemorrhage, the body mobilizes ALL these defenses EXCEPT _________. 1. increased peripheral resistance 2. increased heart rate 3. decreased ADH secretion 4. increased thirst
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decreased ADH secretion
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The cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata control __________. 1. heart rate 2. cardiac contractility 3. peripheral resistance 4. All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
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All of these are controlled by the cardiovascular centers in the medulla oblongata.
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Most of the plasma proteins required in the coagulation process are produced by __________. 1. the liver 2. lymph nodes 3. platelets 4. megakaryocytes
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The Liver
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If a patient has thrombocytopenia, the best therapy is infusion of __________. 1. plasma 2. packed RBCs 3. whole blood 4. purified platelets
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Purified platelets
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Which of these helps move blood around the systemic system? 1. arterial pressure greater than venous pressure 2. smooth muscle in the tunica media 3. venous pressure greater than arterial pressure 4. right ventricle
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arterial pressure greater than venous pressure
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The pulmonary trunk carries ___________ blood __________ the lung. 1. deoxygenated; to 2. oxygenated; to 3. oxygenated; from 4. deoxygenated; from
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deoxygenated; to
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The duration of the ventricular action potential is approximately equal to the __________ interval in the electrocardiogram. 1. QRS duration 2. Q-T interval 3. PR interval 4. ST interval
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Q-T interval
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The conducting system in the heart begins in the __________. 1. Purkinje fibers 2. AV node 3. SA node 4. AV bundle
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SA node
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Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the __________. 1. right atrium 2. pulmonary valve 3. pulmonary trunk 4. left atrium
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left atrium
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The volume of blood remaining in the ventricle as diastole begins is called the __________. 1. stroke volume 2. cardiac reserve 3. end-systolic volume 4. end-diastolic volume
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end-systolic volume
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The brachial artery branches to form the ulnar and __________ arteries. 1. axillary 2. digital 3. palmar 4. radial
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Radial
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An important function of thrombocytes is to __________. 1. transport clotting factors 2. transport thrombopoietin 3. transport nutrients 4. transport blood gases
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transport clotting factors
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The only vessels whose walls are thin enough to exchange with the surrounding cells are __________. 1. capillaries 2. tunica intima 3. arteries 4. arterioles
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capillaries
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The __________ valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle. 1. bicuspid 2. aortic 3. tricuspid 4. pulmonic
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aortic
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Vasomotion refers to contraction-relaxation cycles of the __________. 1. precapillary sphincters 2. thoroughfare channels 3. arteriovenous anastomoses 4. venules
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precapillary sphincters
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Which of these statements about basophils is NOT true? 1. They promote inflammation. 2. They are cytoplasmic granules. 3. They are abundant. 4. They release histamine.
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They are abundant.
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Which of these arteries does NOT branch directly from the aorta? 1. left coronary artery 2. left carotid artery 3. femoral arteries 4. right coronary artery
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femoral arteries
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The most abundant protein in blood is __________. 1. hemoglobin 2. albumin 3. fibrinogen 4. immunoglobulin
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hemoglobin
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The formed elements of blood consist of _________. 1. red blood cells 2. platelets 3. white blood cells 4. All of these are formed elements of blood
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All of these are formed elements of blood
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The common pathway in coagulation ends with __________. 1. conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin 2. release of PF-3 3. positive feedback of thrombin formation 4. adhesion of platelets to a damaged vessel wall
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conversion of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
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Which organ produces renin and erythropoietin to help maintain normal blood pressure and hematocrit? 1. brain 2. kidney 3. liver 4. adrenal
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kidney
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The agranular leukocyte (agranulocyte) that is capable of phagocytosis is the __________. 1. neutrophil 2. monocyte 3. lymphocyte 4. eosinophil
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monocyte
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The epicardium is also known as the __________. 1. visceral pericardium 2. myocardium 3. endocardium 4. parietal pericardium
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visceral pericardium
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Which of these is NOT needed to determine cardiac output? 1. heart rate 2. end systolic volume 3. end diastolic volume 4. blood pressure
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blood pressure
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The pulmonary veins carry __________ blood to the __________ atrium. 1. deoxygenated; left 2. deoxygenated; right 3. oxygenated; left 4. oxygenated; right
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oxygenated; left
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During fibrinolysis __________. 1. clots slowly dissolve 2. fibrinogen is activated 3. damaged tissue is pulled together 4. emboli form
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clots slowly dissolve
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Arteries have a tissue in their middle and internal vessel walls that veins lack, called __________ tissue. 1. elastic 2. smooth muscle 3. endothelial 4. adventitial
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elastic
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The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________. 1. lymphocytes 2. eosinophils 3. neutrophils 4. monocytes
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neutrophils
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EXCEPT for __________, the following statements about blood are true. 1. It contains about 55% plasma. 2. The viscosity is three to five times greater than water. 3. It contains dissolved gases. 4. The pH is slightly acidic.
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The pH is slightly acidic
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A person with a type A positive blood type can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________. 1. B positive 2. O positive 3. A negative 4. A positive
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B positive
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EXCEPT for the amount of __________, plasma and interstitial fluid differ little in composition. 1. protein 2. glucose 3. sodium ion 4. water
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protein
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The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood in the adult circulation; the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood in the fetal circulation. Are these two statements true or false? 1. The first statement is false; the second is true. 2. Both statements are true. 3. The first statement is true; the second is false. 4. Both statements are false.
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Both statements are true.
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Peripheral resistance depends on ALL of the following factors EXCEPT __________. 1. blood viscosity 2. blood vessel diameter 3. blood vessel length 4. blood colloid osmotic pressure
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blood colloid osmotic pressure
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Reticulocyte is a stage in the development of __________. 1. lymphocytes 2. megakaryocytes 3. red blood cells 4. neutrophils
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red blood cells
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As the heart ages, which of these changes is NOT normally seen? 1. decreased cardiac output 2. coronary arteriosclerosis 3. decreased ejection fraction 4. increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton
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increased elasticity of the fibrous skeleton
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Red blood cells (RBCs) are removed from the circulation after about __________. 1. 1 year 2. 1 day 3. 120 days 4. 30 days
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120 days
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Heart rate is controlled by __________. 1. the phrenic nerves 2. both the right vagus and sympathetic nerves 3. sympathetic nerves in the cardiac plexus 4. the right vagus nerve
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both the right vagus and sympathetic Nerves
