Cardiovascular Study Guide – Flashcards
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2 components of the cardiovascular system
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1. heart (which pumps blood) 2. blood vessels (through which blood flows)
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5 functions of the cardiovascular system
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1. contractions of the heart generate blood pressure and blood pressure moves blood through the two circuits. 2. the heart and the blood vessels keep 02 (oxygen) rich blood separated from 02 (oxygen) poor blood 3. valves in the heart and veins keep the blood flowing in one direction 4. the heart and blood vessels regulate the blood flow according to the needs of the body 5. exchange across capillary walls refreshes blood and tissue fluid.
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3 types of blood vessels
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1. arteries 2. capillaries 3. veins
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function of ARTERIES
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vessels that take blood AWAY from the heart TO arterioles. They are characteristically possessing thick elastic, muscular walls
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function of ARTERIOLES
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vessels that take blood FROM the artery TO cappilaries
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vasoconstriction
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A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.
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vasodilation
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A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel
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function of CAPILLARIES
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They are microscopic vessels connecting arterioles to venules; exchange of substances between blood and tissue fluid occurs across their thin walls
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function of VEINS
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vessel that takes blood TO the heart and FROM the venules; characteristically has nonelastic walls
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function of VENULES
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vessels that take blood FROM capillaries TO a vein.
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Cardiovascular system song
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDSFxcf2UgQ
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pathway of blood from heart to lungs to heart
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1. Oxygen poor blood goes to the right atrium 2. the right atrium sends blood to the right ventricle 3. the right ventricle sends blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk which has the PULMONARY ARTERIES... this goes goes to the LUNGS 4. the four pulmonary VEINS then take the oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium 5. the left atrium sends blood through the atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle 6. the left ventricle then sends blood to the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta to the body proper
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LISTEN TO THIS SONG!
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http://youtu.be/5tTkxYeNF9Q
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heartbeat
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a. when the atria contract, the ventricles are relaxed and filling with blood. the atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed. b. when the ventricles contract, the atrioventricular valves are closed, the semilunar valves are open, and the blood is pumped into the pulmonary trunk and aorta. c. when the heart is relaxed, both the atria and the ventricles are filling with blood. The atrioventricular valves are opena nd the semilunar valves are closed.
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Systolic pressure
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Reached during the ejection of blood from the heart
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Diastolic pressure
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occurs while the heart ventricles are relaxing.
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heart murmur
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An abnormal sound that most often results from blood squirting backward through a leaky valve in the heart.
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AV node
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small region of neuromuscular tissue that transmits impulses received from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles
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SA node
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small region of neuromuscular tissues that initiates the heartbeat (also called the pacemaker).
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medula oblongata
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the part of your brain that controls heart rate
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electrocardiogram
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records the electrical activity associated with the heartbeat
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pulse
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vibrations felt in artery walls due to expansion of the aorta following ventricle contraction
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cardiovascular system diagram
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digram
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Major arteries & veins
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diagram
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atherosclerosis
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an accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials including cholesterol, beneath the inner lining of arteries
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aneurysm
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sac-like expansion of a blood vessel wall
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hypertension
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elevated blood pressure, particularly the diastolic pressure
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varicose veins
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irregular dilation of superficial veins, seen particularly in lower legs and is due to weakened valves within the veins
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stroke
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condition resulting when an arteriole in the brain bursts or becomes blocked by an embolism (also called cerebrovascular accident).
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hemorrhoids
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abnormally dilated blood vessels of the rectum
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heart attack
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damage to the myocardium due to blocked circulation in the coronary arteries (also called a myocardial infarction or MI).
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artificial heart
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artificial heart pic
