Cancer Risk Factors – Flashcards
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Genetic Factors: Oncogenes that regulate all growth
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Breast Cancer: high family incidence Retinoblastoma: inherited Leukemia: chromosomal abnormalities
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Viruses: Oncogenic viruses alter host cell DNA
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Hepatic Cancer: hepatitis virus Cervical Cancer: papilloma virus (HPV) or herpes simplex II Kaposi's Sarcoma: HIV
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Radiation: Ultraviolet rays (sun), x-rays, gamma rays, and radioactive chemicals cause cumulative chromosomal damage in cells
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Skin Cancer: sun exposure Leukemia: radiation exposure
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Chemicals: exposure to both natural and synthetic products in excess may be hazardous, the effects of carcinogenic agents depend on the amount and duration of exposure
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Lung Cancer: asbestos, nickel Leukemia: solvents (benzene) Bladder Cancer: aniline dyes and rubber
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Biologic Factors: chronic irritation and inflammation with increased mitosis
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Colon Cancer: ulcerative colitis Oral Cancer: leukoplakia
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Age: Increasing
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Many cancers are more common in older persons
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Diet: natural substances, additives, or processing methods
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Colon Cancer: high-fat diet Gastric Cancer: smoked foods
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Hormones
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Endometrial Cancer: estrogen
