question

Intrapersonal Communication

answer

communicating with oneself

question

Dyadic/Interpersonal Communication

answer

Two people interacting. Most common type of personal communication

question

Dyad

answer

two persons interacting

question

Small Group Communication

answer

every person can participate actively with the other members

question

Public Communication

answer

Speeches, with an audience. An unequal amount of speaking, with limited verbal feedback. Occurs when a group becomes too large for all members to contribute.

question

Mass Communication

answer

consists of messages that are transmitted to large, widespread audiences via electronic and print media: newspapers, magazines, television, radio, blogs, websites, and so on.

question

Functions of Communication

answer

Satisfies physical, identity, social, and practical needs.

question

Linear Communication Model

answer

A sender encodes ideas and feeling into a message, and then conveys them to a receiver who decodes them. The communication channel, the method by which a message is conveyed, is important.

question

Mediated Communication

answer

includes telephone, e-mail, instant messaging, faxes, voice mail, and videoconferencing. They are conveyed through some sort of medium.

question

Noise

answer

used by social scientists to describe any forces that interfere with effective communication. Includes external, physiological, and psychological.

question

External "Physical" Noise

answer

includes those factors outside the sender or receiver that disrupt communication.

question

Physiological Noise

answer

involves biological factors in the receiver or sender that interfere with accurate reception: illness, fatigue, and so on.

question

Psychological Noise

answer

refers to forces within a communicator that interfere with the ability to express or understand a message accurately.

question

Environments

answer

refers not only to a physical location but also to the personal experiences and cultural background that participants bring to a conversation.

question

A Transactional Model

answer

simultaneous sending and receiving of data.

question

Feedback

answer

the discernible response of a receiver to a sender's message

question

Coordination

answer

situations in which participants interact smoothly, with a high degree of satisfaction but without necessarily understanding one another well.

question

Language

answer

a collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals.

question

Symbols

answer

arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator's thoughts.

question

Phonological Rules of Language

answer

govern how words sound when pronounced.

question

Syntactic Rules of Language

answer

govern the structure of language (the way symbols can be arranged)

question

Semantic Rules of Language

answer

deal with the meaning of specific words.

question

Pragmatic Rules of Language

answer

govern how people use language in everyday interaction.

question

Convergence

answer

communicators who want to show affiliation with one another adapt their speech in a variety of ways, including vocabulary, rate of talking, number and placement of pauses, and level of politeness.

question

Divergence

answer

speaking in a way that emphasizes their difference from others.

question

Linguistic intergroup bias

answer

The attribution of positive bias towards the "in-group", and negative bias towards the "out-group".

question

Equivocal Language

answer

have more than one correct dictionary definition.

question

Relative Words

answer

gain their meaning by comparison.

question

Slang

answer

used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group. "Bling" and a "whip", for rappers.

question

Regionalisms

answer

terms that are understood by people who live in one geographic area but that are incomprehensible to outsiders.

question

Jargon

answer

the specialized vocabulary that functions as a kind of shorthand for people with common backgrounds and experience.

question

Abstraction Ladder

answer

The higher up the ladder, the more general the term.

question

Abstract Language

answer

speech that refers to events or objects only vaguely- serves a second, less obvious function. Can be used to avoid confrontations by deliberately being unclear.

question

Emotive Language

answer

contains words that sound as if they're describing something when they are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward something. "Antique" vs. "A piece of junk."

question

Evasive Language

answer

words that deliberately avoid or "sugar-coat" the true meaning.

question

Euphemisms

answer

a pleasant term substituted for a more direct but potentially less pleasant one.

question

Equivocation

answer

a deliberately vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way.

question

Linguistic Relativism

answer

the notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak.

question

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

answer

formulated by anthropologist Edward Sapir, and amateur linguist Benjamin Whorf. Discovery that language spoken by the Hopi represents a view of reality that is dramatically different from more familiar tongues.

question

Kinesics

answer

referring to "all forms of body movement, excluding physical contact with another".

question

Emblems

answer

body movements that carry meaning in and of themselves. Can stand alone, without verbal accompaniment, and still convey a clear message to the recipients. "The middle finger".

question

Illustrators

answer

body movements that help receivers interpret and better attend to what is being said verbally.

question

Regulators

answer

body movements that are employed to help guide conversations. "head nods"

question

Adaptors

answer

body movements that "satisfy physical or psychological needs". There are self-adaptors, alter-directed adaptors, and object adaptors.

question

Self-Adaptors

answer

movements people direct toward themselves or their bodies. "Fingernail biting", "tapping a foot".

question

Alter-directed Adaptors

answer

include the same behaviors of self-adaptors, except directed at another person. "scratching another's back" "playing with someone's hair"

question

Object Adaptors

answer

movements that involve attention to an object; common examples include biting a pen, or circling the edge of a cup with a finger.

question

Affect Displays

answer

body movements that express emotion without the use of touch. Often don't need verbal accompaniment. Facial expressions.

question

Haptics

answer

refers to all aspects of touch.

question

Proxemics

answer

the way we use space.

question

Ectomorphic Bodies

answer

characterized by thin bone structures and lean bodies.

question

Mesomorphic Bodies

answer

have strong bone structures, are typically muscular and athletic

question

Endomorphic Bodies

answer

have large bone structures, and are typically heavy-set and somewhat rounded.

question

Vocalics

answer

reflect all aspects of the voice, including loudness, pitch, accent, rate of speech, length of pauses between speech, and tone.

question

The Chronemic Code

answer

captures our use and perception of time, including (among other things) our perception of the "appropriate" duration of an event, the number of things we do at once, the importance of punctuality, our use of time in our language, and the desired sequencing of events.

question

Polychronism

answer

reflects the act of doing multiple activities at once

question

Monochronism

answer

focus on one activity at a time.

question

Interpellate

answer

Images catch our attention. Viewers must implicitly understand himself as being a member of a social group that shares codes and conventions through which the image becomes meaningful.

question

Aesthetics

answer

values of the work resides in the pleasure it brings us through its beauty, its style, or the creative and technical virtuosity went into its production.

question

Taste

answer

is not simply a matter of individual interpretation. Rather, taste is informed by experiences relating to one's class, cultural background, education, and other aspects of identity.

question

Institutional Critique

answer

that institutions historically have provided structures through which power could be enacted without force or explicit directives, but rather through more passive techniques such as education, the cultivation of taste, and the cultivation of daily routines.

question

Hegemony

answer

emphasizes that power is not wielded by one class over another; rather, power is negotiated among all classes of people. Push and pull among all levels of society.

question

Terministic Screens

answer

Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) a set of symbols that becomes a kind of screen or grid of intelligibility through which the world makes sense to us. It reflects and shapes our attitudes.

question

"Definition of Man"

answer

Kenneth Burke (1897-1993) Humans are 1) symbol users, misusers and creators 2) Inventors of the negative 3) Goaded by a spirit of hierarchy 4) Separated from natural condition by instruments of their own making 5) Rotten with perfection

question

Kenneth Burke:

answer

"Humans are symbol users, symbol misusers, and symbol creators."

question

Virtual Time

answer

Suzanne Langer (1895-1985) language drives our understanding of time (Leap Years, Time Zones, Daylights Savings)

question

Virtual Space

answer

Suzanne Langer (1895-1985) language drives our understanding of space (Metric System, etc.)

question

Agenda Setting

answer

Founded by McCombs and Shaw, attention paid to issues implies importance.

question

Framing

answer

setting the parameters of the discussion.

question

Priming

answer

setting expectations/piquing interest -foreshadowing. Sender guides interpretation by highlighting particular elements for the receiver.

question

Cultivation

answer

assumptions about reality based on repeated messages/images.

question

The Six C's of Effective Language Use

answer

Clear, concise, concrete, colorful, culturally sensitive, correct.

BU – Com 101 First Exam – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards