BSC 1005 FINAL
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What name is given to a gene that causes cancer?
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oncogene
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The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is _____.
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proteomics
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Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA? DNA that includes pieces from two different sources an alternate form of DNA that is the product of a mutation DNA that results from bacterial conjugation DNA that carries a translocation
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DNA that includes pieces from two different sources
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Cutting DNA with a particular restriction enzyme produces DNA fragments that can be separated by ______.
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gel electrophoresis
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How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?
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The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
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How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?
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There is more than one way to splice an RNA transcript
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Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ______.
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all of the above
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Which of these is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog? mutation of homeotic genes artificial selection conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogene dietary supplementation
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mutation of homeotic genes
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What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E. coli?
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the presence of lactose
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Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ______.
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tumor-suppressor gene
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Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? RNA splicing transcription factors gene operons attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
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attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
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When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ______.
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desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is taken up by the bacterium
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Cells communicate with one another via ______.
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signal transduction pathways
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What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
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DNA packing and unpacking
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ______ to reproduce.
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reverse transcriptase
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In eukaryotic cells, repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ______.
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silencers
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STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have
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different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome.
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Which of the following best defines the term transgenic organism?
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an organism containing a gene from another species
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In human gene therapy,
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normal versions of genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele
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Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ______.
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predisposition to these cancers is inherited
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Introns are ______.
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noncoding DNA sequences
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In an operon, the ______ acts as an on/off switch.
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operator
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Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ______.
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length
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Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?
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DNA microarray
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The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ______.
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genomics
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In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions, along with their DNA control sequences?
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operon
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In The Origin of Species, Darwin argued that the mechanism of descent with modification was _____.
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natural selection
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The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ______.
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involves the isolation of a small colony of individuals from a larger population
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Which of the following is a component of the fossil record?
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bones of extinct whales
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The original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is ______.
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mutation
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The smallest biological unit that can evolve is the ______.
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population
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During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ______.
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plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents
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What does evolutionary fitness measure?
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relative reproductive success
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Homology is evidence of ______.
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common ancestry
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Which of the following is a population?
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the termites infesting your house
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The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time make up that population's ______.
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gene pool
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Genetic drift is the result of ______.
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chance
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Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation?
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stabilizing selection
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Natural selection results in ______.
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a population that is adapted to its current environment
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Natural selection can be defined as ______.
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a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
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Which one of the following can create new alleles?
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mutation
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Which of the following are homologous?
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the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat
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Which of the following is not a requirement of natural selection?
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catastrophic events
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Of the following taxonomic levels, species found within the same ______ are the most closely related.
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family
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How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?
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New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.
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A period of mass extinction is often followed by ______.
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explosive diversification
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What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies only mate with males who emit light in a particular pattern?
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behavioral isolation
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Which of the following taxonomic levels is most inclusive?
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class
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What distinguishes animals from other eukaryotes?
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They ingest food.
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Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n) ______.
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skull and backbone
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Which one of the following is the only domain that contains eukaryotes?
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Eukarya
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Which anthropoids are most closely related to humans?
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chimpanzees
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The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a(n) ______.
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colonial, flagellated protist
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The wing of a penguin is ______ the wing of a butterfly
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analogous to
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The wing of a bald eagle is ______ the wing of a penguin.
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homologous to
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Which of the following is a binomial? Rhizosolenia sapiens diatom Nitzschia jouseae
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Nitzschia jouseae
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Where did humans first appear?
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Africa
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Under the biological species concept, what criterion is used to assign populations of organisms to the same biological species?
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being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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Which of these human characteristics evolved first? language loss of body hair erect posture enlarged brain
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erect posture
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A reproductive barrier that prevents species from mating is an example of ______.
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a prezygotic barrier
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The current geological era is the ______.
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Cenozoic
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The science of naming, identifying, and classifying organisms is called ______.
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taxonomy
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Analogous structures are evidence of ______.
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convergent evolution
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Features unique to mammals include ______.
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the presence of hair
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When two frog species, Rana pipiens and Rana sylvatica, mate, the offspring die early in embryonic development. This is an example of ______.
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reduced hybrid viability
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If you study how two species of finches compete for food, you are trying to answer a question about _______.
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community ecology
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The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is primarily due to ______.
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CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth
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Which of the following can moderate climate by absorbing heat when the air is warm and releasing heat when the air is cold? glaciers oceans mountains clouds
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oceans
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Which of the following is not a result of global warming? changes in the breeding seasons of some species. shifts in the ranges of some species melting permafrost. decreasing sea levels.
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decreasing sea levels.
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Temperature increases due to global warming have been greatest _____.
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close to the poles
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Which of the following is abiotic? a plant a fungus a rock a protist
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a rock
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Which of these biomes is one of the most biologically productive of all biomes? open oceans temperate grasslands estuaries coniferous forests
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estuaries
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of the same species?
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population
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Long, snowy winters as well as evergreen trees such as pine and fir are found in ______.
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coniferous forest
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What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?
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community
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Permafrost, or permanently frozen subsoil, characterizes _____.
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tundra
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In what part of the ocean are phytoplankton found?
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pelagic realm
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Which of the following is a behavioral response to environmental variability?
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migrating to a different location
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Which of the following organisms are not ultimately dependent on sunlight for energy? predators bacteria that feed on dead organic matter species that live in hydrothermal vent habitats marine species that live in the aphotic zone
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species that live in hydrothermal vent habitats
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In an aquatic ecosystem, what name is given to the region where photosynthesis can occur?
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photic zone
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Water-storing plants and deeply-rooted shrubs are plants that characterize ______.
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deserts
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What term applies to the physical and physiological changes experienced by astronauts who spend months in space?
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acclimation
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What level of ecology is concerned with the adaptations of individuals?
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organismal
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What are estuaries?
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a transition area between a river and the ocean
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Ecology is the study of ______.
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interactions between organisms and their environments
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The effect of deforestation has been to ______.
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increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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The temperate zones ______.
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are relatively wet
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Which nutrients often limit the distribution and abundance of photosynthetic organisms?
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nitrogen and phosphorus
