question

A young woman comes into the ER which acute vomiting, abdominal pain and secretory diarrhea. The onset of her symptoms were about 3 hours after eating at a picnic. A sample of some of the food reveals and enterotoxin that is extremely stable, but no bacteria are present. You suspect.

answer

Staphlococcus aureus

question

A culture from one of your patients with emetic and diarrheal gastroenteritis reveals an aerobic gram positive rod that forms endospores. It is motile and beta-hemolytic. This is most likely:

answer

Bacillus cereus

question

A trauma patient has recently come down with an acute form of gastroenteritis. The patient presents with no fever, but has secretory diarrhea. Culture reveals a bacteria that produces lecithinase (α toxin) and pore-forming toxin (θ toxin). This is most likely:

answer

Clostridium perfringes

question

A patient which has recently gotten over a MRSA infection presents with watery/bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever and leukocytosis. An ELISA shows the presence of an enterotoxin (toxin A) and a cytotoxin (toxin B).This is most likely the work of:

answer

Clostridium difficile

question

An immigrant from Africa presents with severe abdominal pain, fever, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Shortly after arrival the patient goes into shock. This is most likely the work of:

answer

Bacillus anthracis

question

A mother brings in her child with complaints that he has had very foul smelling diarrhea for the past 2 weeks, abdominal pain and has been vomiting. A sample of the stool shows sting-ray shaped trophozoites. This is most likely:

answer

Giardia lamblia

question

A patient presents with dysentery and multiple other GI symptoms. An examination of a fecal sample shows amoebia trophozoites which appear to contain RBCs. This is most likely.

answer

Entamoeba histolytica

question

A mother brings her child to your office complaining that the girl has had secretory diarrhea for the past week. This is worrysome because the child's history shows immunosuppression due to chemotherapy for cancer. ;The child recently visited a local, public pool. ;A fecal smear reveals small oocysts that stain pink with an acid fast stain. This is most likely:

answer

Cryptosporidium parvum

question

An older man on return from a vacation in Mexico presents with secretory diarrhea and unexplained weight loss. ;A fecal smear shows oocysts that have a diameter of about 10 micrometers; too big to be cryprosporidium parvum.
;
This is most likely:

answer

Cyclospora cayetanensis

question

An AIDS patient presents with severe diarrhea, disseminated disease and corneal infections. ;A stool sample revels extremely small intracellular organisms that lack mitochondria. This is:

answer

Microsporidia spp.

question

A patient recently diagnosed with hepatitis B virus suddenly has severely intensified, sudden symptoms. ;The patient's history indicates IV drug usage. The most likely cause of this is:

answer

Hepatitis D virus

question

A patient enters your office with jaundice, dark urine, malaise, and nausea. A fecal smear reveals no notable bacteria. A likely cause of these symptoms is:

answer

Hepatitis B virus

question

A patient comes into your office with jaundice, fever and dark urine. There appear to be no HBc Ag, HBs Ag, or other hepatitis B antigens in the blood. Assuming that this is not a "window period", this infection is most likely caused by:

answer

Hepatitis A virus

question

You are on medical rotations and you are visiting a patient who is on interferon and ribavirin treatment. The patient is going to undergo a liver transplant. An attending physician asks what was a probable cause of the patients condition. You reply that it was probably caused by:

answer

Hepatitis C virus

question

A patient presents with malaise, anorexia, fever and slight arthralgia. Serological tests show not antigens or antibodies for HAV or HBV. An electron microscopy of the patients stool sample shows:

answer

Hepatitis E virus

question

A patient presents with gastroenteritis, but shows no fecal leukocytes or hematochezia. The patient was recently on a cruise where several other passengers had similar symptoms. This is most likely an infection of:

answer

Norwalk virus

question

Your 4 year old child recently came down with an URI that has been going through school. The child also has a very severe sore throat. On a visit to the family doctor, the CT shows pericarditis and myocarditis. This is most likely:

answer

Coxsackievirus

question

A young child presents with nonbloody, watery diarrhea and mild dehydration. A fecal smear shows no signs of harmful bacteria. This is most likely an infection caused by:

answer

Rotavirus

question

A homeless man in the ER presents with watery diarrhea. A culture of the bacteria in his feces is typical except for the presence of two unidentified toxins. One toxin was heat stable and was shown to up regulate cGMP while the other was heat liable and up regulated cAMP. You perscribe antibiotics. This patient suffered from an infection of:

answer

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

question

A newborn infant presents with watery diarrhea over a period of several weeks. On examination of the feces shiga-like toxins (Stx) are identified. This is most likely an infection caused by:

answer

Enteropathogenic E. coli

question

A patient presents with colitis, bloody diarrhea and has hemolytic uremic syndrome. As a student, you astutely suggest antibiotics for treatment but your attending physician quickly shoots down your idea because this is an infection caused by:

answer

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

question

A patient in the emergency room presents with bloody diarrhea and a moderately high fever. The patient is also slightly disoriented; a symptom of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. This is most likely an infection from:

answer

Enteroinvasive E. coli

question

An HIV patient presents with persistent non-bloody diarrhea, dehydration and an abnormally high blood sodium concentration. This is probably due to an infection by:

answer

Enteroadherent E. coli

question

A patient ccomplains of chills, sweats, diarrhea and and mylagia. There is a faint rash on the patient's trunk. ;These symptoms started to occur approximately 6 days after he was "dared" to eat several raw eggs as a part of a fraternity hazing. ;This is most likely an infection caused by:

answer

Salmonella typhi

question

A small town in the south western United States has come down with wide spread inflammatory enteritis. ;You suspect a community-acqeruired infection of:

answer

Campylobacter jejuni

question

A patient comes into your office complaining of pain suggestive of appendicitis. ;Though this is a probable cause, you order a blood analysis and find that the patient has bacteremia and that on palpation his appendix does not appear very swolen. ;You tell that patient that she is suffering from an infection by:

answer

Campylobacter fetus

question

A patient complains of chronic diarrhea and abdominal cramping. ;Upon examination, the feces appears bloody and filled with mucus. ;You also find that on culture there is a toxin that acts as an exotoxin, enterotoxin and cytotoxin. ;This is most likely an infection by:

answer

Shigella spp.

question

A shellfish connoisseur complains of profuse, watery diarrhea. ;Luckily, his wife was able to get him to the hospital before he would have suffered from hypovolemic shock. ;This is probably an infection caused by:

answer

Vibrios spp.

question

A patient complains of acute diarrhea and what you discern as pseudoappendicitis. ;The patient also has signs of terminal ileitis. ;The patient admits that he had recently eaten some undercooked pork. ;This is most likely an infection caused by:

answer

Yersinia enterocolitica

question

A patient complains of stomach pain during the night. ;You immediately suspect a stomach ulcer is the cause of the pain caused ;by:

answer

Helicobacter pylori

question

A young patient presents with a tight cough, pneumonitis and eosinophilia. ;She also notes a slight abdominal pain. ;Upon examination of her stool, you notice small eggs. ;This is most likely an infecton caused by:

answer

Ascaris lumbricoides

question

A patient complains of night waking by a small, prickling feeling around his anus. ;Although more testing is necessary, you think that this could be caused by:

answer

Entrobius vermicularis

question

A patient presents with eosinophilia and rectal prolapse. ;This is most likely caused by:

answer

Trichuris trichiura

question

An older patient presents with iron deficient anemia, dermatitis and eosinophilia. ;Eggs are found in the patients stool and give rise to adult worms which have teeth. ;This is an infection caused by:

answer

Ancylostoma duodenale

question

An older patient presents with iron deficient anemia, dermatitis and eosinophilia. ;Eggs are found in the patients stool and give rise to adult worms which have plates used for attachment to the intestine. ;This is an infection caused by

answer

Necator americanis

question

A patient presents with pneumonitis, abdominal pain an diarrhea. ;A fecal sample reveals small, 2mm long nematodes. ;This is most likely:

answer

Strongyloides stercoralis

question

A young child presents with hypereosinophilia, hepatitis, pulmonary edema, and myocarditis. ;The child also appears to not be meeting landmarks for his age. ;This child is from a poor family and spends alot of time on the floor with a pet cat and several dogs. ;This child could be suffering from a severe infection by:

answer

Toxocara canis

question

A young man presents with a fever, myalgia and several rashes along his trunk. ;The young man admits that he has eaten pork recently and was unsure if it was cooked throughly or not. A sample of the pork reveals small cysts. This could be an infection caused by:

answer

Trichinella spiralis

question

A fish eating population in eastern Japan has recently come down with widespread violent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. ;A gastric endoscopy of one person presenting these symptoms reveals a roundworm of the genus:

answer

Anisakis spp.

question

A 62 year old male presents with unexplained weight loss and slight gastrointestinal symptoms. He recently went on a trip to an underdeveloped town in china where he consumed fish and beef. A stool sample reveals small proglottids. ; This is probably an infection caused by:

answer

Taenia saginata

question

A 45 year old female presents with unexplained weight loss, slight gastrointestinal symptoms, fever and muscle pain. ;She recently had a seizure which brought her to the emergency room under your care. ;She had returned from a trip to Asia a few weeks prior where she ate pork. ;She might have an infecton caused by:

answer

taenia solium

question

A patient presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. ;A fecal sample reveals a small tape worm. ;This is most likely:

answer

Hymenolepis nana

question

A patient recently returning from Canada presents with abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting and weight loss. ;He also has a slight case of B-12 deficient anemia. You worry that this could be an infecton caused by:
;
Hint: he ate plenty of fish on his trip.

answer

Diphylobothrium latum

question

On rotation you come across a patient that is said to have hydatid disease. ;You remember that this disease is characterized by fluid filled cysts that surround the larvae of an infectious organism which can cause pressure damage to organs. ;The genus of this organism was:

answer

Echinococcus spp.

question

A patient presents with chronic inflammation and obstruction of his biliary ducts. ;He has had several gall stones and shows signs of early liver damage. ;His diet is not high in cholesterol and he has no family history of such problems. ;This could be an infecton caused by:

answer

Chlonorchis sinensis

question

A patient presents with a productive cough (expectoration of discolored mucus), and chest radiographic abnormalities. ;The patient reports that before his cough started producing mucus he was suffering form diarrhea, abdominal pain and a slight fever. ;This could be a chronic infecton caused by:

answer

Paragonimus westermani

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