question

The primary source of energy for hydrothermal vent communities is?

answer

Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in vent water

question

All of Earth that is inhabited by life is called the

answer

biosphere

question

While on a walk through a forest, you notice birds in trees, earthworms in the soil, and fungi onplant litter on the forest floor. Based on your observations, you conclude that each of theseorganisms occupies a different

answer

habitat

question

The level of ecologic organization that incorporates abiotic factors is the

answer

population

question

Which of the following could be a topic for a community-level study of a hydrothermal ventecosystem?

answer

Yeti crabs

question

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring deals with the

answer

environmental effects of pesticides

question

The immediate results of the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers included ________, butlong-term results included ________.

answer

dramatic increases in crop yields; the evolution of pest resistance

question

In many dense forests, plants living near the ground level engage in intense competition for

answer

sunlight

question

Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation?

answer

wind

question

What is the primary reason that a hot spring will kill a fish placed in it but encourage the growth of certain bacteria?

answer

the high temperatures destroy most of the fishes enzymes, but the specialized bacteria have enzymes adapted to these tempuratures

question

The pronghorn antelope of the United States and the saiga antelope of the central Asian steppeslive in similar habitats and have similar adaptations. Which of the following features would you besurprised to find in a saiga antelope?

answer

digestive tract without cellulose-digesting bacteria

question

The reason the pronghorn antelope is not found outside North America is most likely that

answer

it has never dispersed beyond this region

question

The adaptations of pronghorns

answer

to open country could be a disadvantage in the densely forested environment

question

In terms of global air circulation, the tropics are a region where air

answer

rises and cools, dropping rain

question

The greatest annual input and least seasonal variation in solar radiation occurs in the

answer

tropics

question

if you travel through Ecuador from west to east, you will pass through tundra, taiga, temperateforest, and tropical forest. Which of the following climatic factors remains constant on such a trip?

answer

average rainfall

question

Most of the world's deserts are located at latitudes where

answer

cold, dry air moving toward the poles descends

question

When people speak of the "rain shadow" of the Himalayan mountains, where the Gobi desert is,they are referring to the

answer

scarcity of rain on the eastern flank and adjacent lowlands compared to the western flank

question

A sperm whale in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is in which oceanic zone?

answer

pelagic

question

Except near hydrothermal vents, the communities of the oceanic aphotic zone get their energy mainly from

answer

organic matter sinking from the photic zone

question

Which ocean zone describes the interface between ocean and land?

answer

intertidal

question

Fresh water and seawater mix in a/an

answer

estuary

question

Under the conditions known as El Niño, the inorganic nutrient content of the seawater off the coastof Peru declines to very low levels. What effect will this likely have on marine life in the area?

answer

it will reduce the abundance of phytoplankton, and, consequently, the abundance of other organisms

question

Usually, a river ________ at its source compared to farther downstream.

answer

has less phytoplankton

question

Why is the runoff from fertilized agricultural fields, even if free of pesticides, often harmful to theecosystems of temperate lakes?

answer

the runoff causes heavy growth of algae, which eventually die and decompose, causing oxygen depletion

question

Species in widely separated but similar biomes often appear to display similar characteristics because of

answer

convergent evolution

question

Which of the following statements about biomes, the major terrestrial ecosystems covering the Earth, is true?

answer

Fire is very important in some biomes

question

Which of the following statements about tropical forests is true?

answer

The forest structure consists of distinct layers that provide many different habitats

question

The kind of vegetation in a tropical rain forest is generally determined by the amount of

answer

rainfall

question

The major cause of tropical deforestation is

answer

people clearing forests to open up land for agriculture

question

A photograph of a Victorian trophy room shows the heads of 15 species of hoofed mammals, allshot within a day's walk of a single hunting camp in Africa. This camp was probably located in

answer

savanna

question

The dominant herbivores in savannas are

answer

insects

question

Which of the following correctly pairs a biome and its characteristics?

answer

Tundra-very cold winters, only the upper layer of the soil thaws during summer

question

Which of the following statements about deserts and the organisms that live there is true?

answer

many desert animals are nocturnal

question

You are reading the journal of an amateur naturalist who visited the Sonoran Desert in the last century. Which of his descriptions of desert plants would you question?

answer

a common annual that produces one large seed per plant

question

Chaparral vegetation occurs around much of the central valley of central and southern California.This biome is very similar to that found

answer

in the Mediterranean region

question

Which of the following is characteristic of the chaparral biome?

answer

dense, broadleaf shrubs

question

Most of the best agricultural soils in the United States are found in areas that were formerly

answer

temperate grasslands

question

Factors that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and preventthem from becoming woodlands include

answer

periodic drought and fires

question

In which of the following biomes would you expect to find the highest abundance of large, grazing mammals?

answer

temperate grasslands

question

Which of the following statements about temperate broadleaf forests is true?

answer

Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests

question

Which of the following biomes is dominated by coniferous trees adapted to surviving long, harshwinters and short, wet summers?

answer

coniferous forests

question

Which of the following statements about coniferous forests is true?

answer

coniferous forests may experience considerable precipitation, usually in the form of snow

question

Which of the following tundra features can be found at the top of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador?

answer

fierce winds and frigid nights

question

Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for the character of arctic tundra soils?

answer

permafrost

question

Living things that live in the polar ice biome include

answer

mosses, lichens, seals, and polar bears

question

Which of the following has the greatest impact on the global water cycle?

answer

human destruction of forests

question

Pronghorn antelopes are well adapted for dry conditions with extremes of temperature, especiallycold. As global climate change causes the area where the pronghorn live to change, not only intemperature but also in what plants grow there and what predators and prey live there, what islikely to happen to the pronghorn?

answer

if the pronghorn population includes genetic variation that allows survival and reproduction in the new conditions, they will adapt

question

In which of the zones shown in this depiction of an aquatic biome does photosynthesis occur?

answer

zone a (closests to the surface)

question

In what ways are zones A and C similar to other biomes?

answer

In abiotic factors, A is similar to rivers and C is most like lakes

question

Which arrow in this image of the global water cycle includes transpiration?

answer

Arrow D (mountain next to water vapor over land)

question

Forest destruction would have the greatest impact on which arrow?

answer

Arrow D (mountain next to water vapor over land)

question

If ocean waters in one area are radioactively contaminated, which processes would cause that radioactivity to show up in plant crops at some distance from the contamination?

answer

Processes C and B

question

If process D is decreased, what impact will that likely have on the surrounding area?

answer

lack of vegetation will increase the probability of drought

question

Which of the following is the most probable sequence of events when fertilizer runoff reaches the bay?

answer

phytoplankton population increases, it blocks sunlight to submerged vegetation, submerged vegetation dies, fish and shellfish populations decrease

question

Fertilizer runoff contains ________, which are the most important limiting factors for phytoplankton growth.

answer

Nitrogen and phosphorus

question

The area around the bay where grasses and snails are found in abundance is a

answer

wetland

question

A group of individuals of a single species that occupy the same general area defines a

answer

population

question

Which of the following is an example of a population?

answer

all of the students in your classroom

question

Assume that there are five alligators per acre in a swamp in northern Florida. This is a measure ofthe alligator population's

answer

density

question

The pattern of distribution for a certain species of kelp is clumped. The pattern of distribution for apopulation of snails that live on the kelp would be

answer

clumped

question

You drive through Iowa in the spring and notice that along a stretch of several kilometers, everythird fence post has a male redwing blackbird perched on it defending its nesting territory. This isan example of

answer

uniform dispersion

question

The density of Douglas firs in an old-growth forest is estimated by counting the Douglas firs infour sample plots of 1 hectare each. The number of fir trees in the plots is 10, 12, 7, and 11,respectively. What is the estimated density of firs in the forest?

answer

10 trees per hectare

question

To obtain optimal production in a small garden, one should

answer

plant seeds in a uniform pattern throughout the garden

question

A survivorship curve is a

answer

graph that shows the effect of predation on a prey population

question

A Type I survivorship curve is associated with which of the following life history traits?

answer

parents provide extended care for their young

question

A survivorship curve that involves producing very few offspring, each of which has a highprobability of surviving to adulthood, is typical of

answer

elephants

question

The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called its

answer

carrying capacity

question

Consider a stable frog population living at carrying capacity in a pond. If an average femaleproduces 6,000 eggs during her lifetime and an average of 300 tadpoles hatch from these eggs, howmany of these tadpoles will, on average, survive to reproduce?

answer

more than 100

question

A population of fungi in a yard produces 10 mushrooms in year 1, 20 in year 2, and 40 in year 3. Ifthis trend continues, by year 5 there will be ________ mushrooms.

answer

160

question

A newly mated queen ant establishes an ant nest in an unoccupied patch of suitable habitat. Thepopulation of the nest grows quickly at first, then levels off at carrying capacity. Which of thefollowing models best describes its population growth?

answer

logistic

question

If an ecosystem has a carrying capacity of 1,000 individuals for a given species and 2,000individuals of that species are present, we can predict that the population

answer

size will decrease

question

If a population has a birth rate of 40 individuals per 1,000 per year and a death rate of 30individuals per 1,000 per year, how will the population change each year? (Assume that thepopulation is below carrying capacity and that there is no immigration or emigration.)

answer

it will increase by 1%

question

A human population will achieve zero population growth if

answer

couples that have an average of 2.25 children each (to account for some children who do not survive to reproduce)

question

The death by bubonic plague of about one-third of Europe's population during the 14th century is a good example of

answer

a density-dependent effect

question

A tidal wave wipes out the entire population of mice living on an island. This is an example of

answer

the effects of abiotic factors

question

In the logistic growth model, as population size increases, birth rates

answer

decline and/or death rates increase

question

Which of the following is most clearly a case of density-dependent population regulation?

answer

a dangerous new flu strain that is transmitted among humans by sneezing

question

In terms of population dynamics, what is "boom-and-bust" cycling?

answer

a situation in which a population moves back and forth between rapid growth and decine

question

An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor controllingthe population of a particular rabbit species. The first step in testing this hypothesis would be todetermine

answer

whether the owls eat the rabbits

question

An ecologist hypothesizes that predation by a particular owl species is the major factor controllingthe population of a particular rabbit species. If this is the case, which of the following populationeffects could be expected in this rabbit-owl pair?

answer

if the owl population increases the rabbit population will decrease

question

Guppies from Trinidad form two distinct populations that differ in several life history traits. Thesetraits appear to relate to the local predator populations, pike-cichlids or killifish. Which of thefollowing experiments would best test the heritability of these traits?

answer

raise both populations without predators to see if they maintain their life history traits

question

Which of the following will likely decrease a population's size?

answer

decreasing the food supply available to the population

question

Which of the following statements about insecticides is true?

answer

prey species often have a higher reproduction rate than predators do

question

Which of the following statements about human population growth is true?

answer

demographic transition from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates

question

A demographic tool used to predict a population's future growth is

answer

age structues

question

What is the age structure of a population?

answer

the proportion of individuals alive in different age groups

question

If most of the individuals of a human population are in their pre-reproductive years, you would expect the population size to ________ after 20 years.

answer

inrease

question

Which of the following statements about human demographic trends is true?

answer

the movement of high birth rates to low death rates and high death rates is called the demographic transition

question

The age structure of the United States in 2010 shows

answer

that the United States has not gone through a demographic transition

question

The world human population

answer

is growing but at a slower rate than the last century

question

The human population on Earth is expected to reach 9.5 billion people by

answer

2050

question

An ecological footprint

answer

is a means to understanding resource availability and usage

question

The African country of Nigeria had a 4.55% population growth rate from 2005 to 2010, the highestin the world. Which of the following statements is consistent with this fact?

answer

Nigeria's age structure likely looks like a pyramid with a broad base.

question

Which of the following activities would result in a decrease in your ecological footprint?

answer

taking a city bus instead of driving to work

question

What kind of curve represents exponential growth?

answer

J shaped

question

Which of the following is a practical application of population ecology that will result in population decline?

answer

managing crops by selectively killing agricultural pests

question

According to this graph of the population growth of fur seals, in what year did the population first reach its carrying capacity?

answer

1940

question

According to this graph of population growth in Mexico, in what year was the rate of population increase in Mexico the greatest?

answer

1965

question

Examine the age structure of Germany in the figure below. Which of the following statements is not supported by the age structure?

answer

There will be large positive population growth in the near future

question

The age structure data for Nigeria shows that the country has many more individuals under theage of 15 than over the age of 40. What does this imply about the future population of Nigeria?

answer

the number of older people will probably increase rapidly

question

Based on the age structure of the country, which of the following situations would be most likely to occur over the next 20 years?

answer

an increased demand for resources based on population growth

question

Which of the following statements about the age structure of Nigeria is false?

answer

the population of females ages 40 to 44 is smaller than the population of males ages 65 to 69

question

A community is composed of

answer

potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms

question

One reason it is important to understand community ecology is

answer

to aid in conservation of endangered species

question

An owl and a hawk both eat mice. Which of the following describes the relationship between a hawk and an owl?

answer

competition

question

When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other, the result is called

answer

mutualism

question

When a crocodile eats a fish, the interspecific interaction between the two could be expressed as________ for the crocodile and ________ for the fish.

answer

positive, negative +;-

question

Which of the following is an example of predation?

answer

a hawk swooping down to capture, kill, and eat a prairie king snake

question

The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its

answer

niche

question

In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between

answer

populations of two species that occupy the same niche

question

If an overlap develops between the ranges of two closely related species, and if the species occupythe same niche in the zone of overlap, what will probably happen in the zone of overlap?

answer

one species will take over most or all of the zone of overlap

question

Dinoflagellates are important to coral and coral-dwelling animals because they

answer

produce energy that is used by coral animals through photosynthesis

question

Camouflage typically evolves as a result of

answer

predation

question

One predator avoidance mechanism that has evolved in prey is

answer

chemical defenses

question

Some herbivore-plant interactions evolved through a series of reciprocal evolutionary adaptationsin both species. This process is called

answer

coevolution

question

Most plants have a variety of chemicals, spines, and thorns because the plants

answer

cannot run away from herbiorves

question

The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a ________ relationship with humans

answer

parasitic

question

In addition to abiotic factors, community composition of plants can be severely compromised by

answer

parasites and pathogens

question

Within an ecosystem, a tree is a

answer

producer

question

The freshwater leech is an organism that feeds off of the blood of other organisms such as frogs and turtles. Which of the following describes the relationship between freshwater leeches and frogs or turtles?

answer

parasitism

question

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, grasshoppers, sparrows, and hawks, the grasshoppers are

answer

primary consumers

question

A hypothetical community on a barren mid-Atlantic island consists of two fish-eating seabirds (thebooby and the noddy), the fungi and microorganisms that live on the birds' dung, a tick that feedson these two birds, a cactus, a moth that feeds on cast-off feathers, a beetle that lives on dungorganisms, and spiders that eat the other arthropods. There are no other plants and no lichens.Which of the following choices incorrectly pairs a member of this assemblage with its position in thetrophic structure?

answer

moth-detritivore

question

In a food chain consisting of phytoplankton zooplankton fish fishermen, the fishermen are

answer

tertriary consumers

question

Organisms that digest molecules in organic material and convert them into inorganic forms are

answer

decomposers

question

In a certain ecosystem, field mice are preyed on by snakes and hawks. The entry of wild dogs intothe system adds another predator of the mice. The most likely short-term result of this addition is

answer

a reduction in the numbers of mice

question

Which of the following statements regarding food webs is true?

answer

energy transfer moves from producer to consumer and back

question

The number of species in a community is called the

answer

species diversity

question

A keystone species that is a predator will

answer

maintain the species diversity in a community

question

During ecological succession, the species composition of a plant community generally

answer

changes gradually because each species responds differently to the changing environment

question

When a New England farm is abandoned, its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows,then shrubby areas, and finally forest. This sequence of plant communities is an example of

answer

secondary succession

question

Non-native species that are introduced to new environments, spread far beyond the original point of introduction, and cause damage are called

answer

invasive species

question

Biological control is defined as

answer

the intentional release of a natural enemy of a pest population

question

The flow of ________ into ecosystems occurs in one direction only, while ________ are recycled within the ecosystem itself.

answer

energy; chemicals

question

Which of the following processes does not occur in ecosystems?

answer

the energy source that powers the system is used by consumers to make organic compounds

question

A biology teacher takes fish, algae, pond weed, invertebrates, and bottom muck from a local pondand establishes them in an aquarium. When the system is stable, the teacher seals it into a large,airtight glass box and leaves the box in a sunny location. After three months, the organisms in theaquarium appear alive and healthy. Which of the following statements about the experiment istrue?

answer

some of the energy in the system has moved from one organism to another during the three months

question

For a given area and time period, the amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy inorganic compounds is called

answer

secondary production

question

In an average ecosystem, about how much energy is present in the organisms at a given trophiclevel compared to the organisms at the next higher trophic level?

answer

ten times as much

question

About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondaryconsumers in this ecosystem?

answer

about 1%

question

One simple thing that you can do to help safeguard the environment is to eat a diet consisting onlyof organisms that are

answer

producers

question

Which of the following substances is cycled between organic matter and abiotic reservoirs?

answer

carbon

question

Given that CO2 is produced by cellular respiration, why does the amount of CO2 in theatmosphere remain relatively constant? (When answering this question, exclude the impact ofhuman activities on atmospheric CO2.)

answer

CO2 is converted in photosynthesis to carbohydrates

question

Carbon mainly cycles between the biotic and abiotic worlds through the processes of

answer

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

question

Which of the following statements about the phosphorus cycle is false?

answer

The main abiotic reservoir for phosphorus is in the soil

question

Which of the following statements about the nitrogen cycle is true?

answer

the nitrogen cycle requires different types of bacteria

question

Which of the following represents a step in the nitrogen cycle?

answer

Nitogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia

question

Denitrifying bacteria convert ________ to ________.

answer

nitrates; nitrogen gas

question

Which of the following ecological problems might result from fertilizing a golf course with phosphorus-rich fertilizer?

answer

heavy growth of algae and cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers caused by phosphorus runoff

question

Eutrophication of a lake could occur if

answer

phosphate rich detergents were dumped in the lake

question

One of the most worrisome results of the large-scale clearing and cultivation of land is

answer

erosion and soil degredation

question

Which of the following accurately represents a food chain in the grasslands of Africa?

answer

grass, giraffes, lions, vultures, fungi

question

In your backyard you overturn a large rock. In the damp soil underneath the rock, you see variousinsects scurrying for cover: one black spider, five black ants, two brown beetles, and three graypillbugs. In this community of organisms, species richness is represented by

answer

four different species of organisms

question

In your backyard you overturn a large rock. In the damp soil underneath the rock, you see variousinsects scurrying for cover: two black beetles, five black ants, two brown beetles, and three pillbugs.In this community of organisms, relative abundance favors

answer

ants

question

Kudzu is a fast-growing vine that was introduced to the United States in 1876 as a fragrant,ornamental plant and was later used as a source of erosion control. Kudzu grows especially well inthe warm, humid climate of the Southeastern United States. In fact, it grows so well that itoutgrows and can kill off less successful native plants; it can also kill off areas of forest because itprevents forest tress from receiving sunlight. Kudzu can best be described as

answer

an invasive species

question

What are the consequences if decomposers are removed from the carbon cycle?

answer

fewer carbon compounds are broken down; therefore, less CO2 is released into the atmosphere

question

Which trophic level in this food chain represents the secondary consumer?

answer

Trophic level C-a mouse (it eats a grasshoper who ate a plant) is the secondary consumer

question

Which arrow shows CO2 released as a product of cellular respiration?

answer

Arrow C (trees)

question

Which arrow shows nitrogen fixation?

answer

Arrow D (bacteria in the dirt)

question

How could a population explosion of bacteria lead to oxygen depletion?

answer

The excess consumers used the oxygen for cellular respiration

question

To stabilize the environment in the habitat and enable it to become self-sufficient again, it wouldbe helpful to

answer

add consumers to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen

question

In this marine community, the sea otter is

answer

a keystone species

question

Suppose that a bacterial infection swept across a sea otter population and killed most sea ottersbefore they could reproduce. How would the marine community be affected?

answer

for a period of time there would be an overpopulation of sea urchins and therfore a decline in kelp populations

question

Suppose that scientists who study predator-prey relationships notice that over a 50-year span, newcolor patterns evolve in the stonefly nymphs such that they are better able to blend into the colorsof a streambed. What would be a logical and reasonable question that the scientists couldinvestigate in relation to their observations and their knowledge of predator-prey relationships?

answer

as the color pattern changes in nymphs developed, did the fish eat a greater number of nymphs

question

The primary goal of conservation biology is to

answer

counter the loss of biodiversity

question

By the year 1980, a wolf species (Canisrufus) once common to the southeastern region of the UnitedStates disappeared from all areas except for one small part of eastern Texas. This is an example of

answer

extirpation

question

The current rate of extinction may be as much as ________ times higher than at any other time in the past 100,000 years.

answer

1000 times higher

question

Biodiversity considers

answer

the genetic diversity within and between populations of a species

question

Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is

answer

habitat destruction due to humans

question

You arrive back in the United States after a visit to a foreign country located on another continent.The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates the fruit basket this person isbringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are, you calmly explain to your enragedfellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is that the fruit basket may be

answer

carrying an exotic species that could damage north american ecosystems

question

The three greatest current threats to biodiversity, in order starting with the greatest, are

answer

habitat loss, overharvesting, invasive species

question

Which of the following is an invasive species?

answer

a brown tree snake in guam

question

To decrease pollution from sulfur, your local power plant built very tall smokestacks. The ultimateconsequence of this would most likely be

answer

to create an environmental problem at a distance from the power plant

question

DDT and mercury

answer

accumulate in the tissues of organisms

question

Which of the following is a likely consequence of thinning of the ozone layer?

answer

increases in skin cancer

question

You spray your lawn with a pesticide. The concentration of the pesticide in the tissues of the grasson your lawn is 10-6 parts per million (ppm). Grasshoppers eat the grass and are in turn eaten byrats, which are then eaten by owls. At each successive trophic level, the concentration of pesticidesincreases. The term for this process is

answer

biological magnification

question

Global warming is the result of

answer

rising concentrations of greenhouse gases

question

Greenhouse gases include

answer

carbon dioxide and methane

question

The average global temperature has risen ________ over the past 100 years.

answer

-0.8 degrees celcius

question

CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.

answer

photosynthetic organisms

question

Scientists worry that global warming will result in the oceans

answer

becoming more acidic

question

One way in which populations and species have been responding to climate change is by

answer

shifting their distribution

question

Which of the following is not an observed effect of global warming on organisms?

answer

some species of birds and frogs now being their mating seasons later in the year

question

The ability to change phenotype in response to local environmental conditions is called

answer

phenotypic plasticity

question

Some populations, especially those with high genetic variability and short life spans, may avoidextinction as the climate changes through

answer

evolutionary adaptation

question

Protecting the endangered black-footed ferret from extinction involved

answer

captive breeding and reintroduction

question

Captive breeding

answer

has allowed for the reintroduction of many species to areas from which they had disappeared

question

A regional assemblage of interacting ecosystems is a

answer

landscape

question

Movement corridors

answer

can be harmful because they allow for the spread of disease

question

Which of the following statements about movement corridors is true?

answer

movement corridors can connect otherwise isolated habitat patches

question

Habitats with many edges

answer

often result from human activites

question

Small areas that are home to a large number of threatened species and an exceptional concentrationof species found nowhere else on Earth are called

answer

biodiversity hot spots

question

Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.

answer

endemic

question

Most biodiversity hot spots are found in ________ regions.

answer

tropical

question

About one-third of all animal and plant species are concentrated on ________ of Earth's land.

answer

1.5%

question

The greatest challenge facing the zoned reserve systems of Costa Rica is

answer

the growing human population

question

One result of Costa Rica's commitment to conservation is that

answer

ecotourism generates many jobs and brings in a significant fraction of the country's revenue

question

One result of Costa Rica's commitment to conservation is that

answer

ecotourism generates many jobs and brings in a significant fraction of the country's revenue

question

The Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative is a plan to

answer

connect parks in the United States and Canada with protected corridors where wildlife can travel safely

question

If wolves were now removed from Yellowstone National Park

answer

elk population would increase

question

The aspect of conservation ecology concerned with returning degraded ecosystems (as nearly aspossible) to their natural state is

answer

restoration ecology

question

Using living organisms to clean up polluted ecosystems is known as

answer

Bioremediation

question

The Kissimmee River Restoration Project is an

answer

attempt to restore the natural wetlands associated with the Kissimmee River

question

The Kissimmee River Restoration Project is intended to

answer

increase biodiversity of the region

question

Sustainable development

answer

will require global, multinational cooperation

question

Araschnia levana is a species of butterfly that breeds several times a year. It has two distinctlycolored pupae: Those that emerge in spring are orange and those that emerge in summer arebrown. The seasonal color variations in pupae mean that the pupae blend into the colors in theirenvironment. This is an example of

answer

Phenotype Plasticity

question

Suppose a species of wild boar (a type of pig) is actively hunted when it is at a young age becauseat that stage of its development the meat of the boar is particularly tender. What is a likely outcomeif this species is overharvested?

answer

The wild boar population will dwindle and potentially go extinct if not enough boars that can reproduce are left to mate

question

As global temperatures continue to rise, what is a likely outcome?

answer

loss of populations of fish

question

If current trends in global warming continue for the next 50 years, where will the greatest effects of global warming likely be felt?

answer

Russia

question

While habitat destruction by humans creates fragmented ecosystems, fragmentation can also occurdue to natural processes. Which of the following natural processes would most likely create afragmented ecosystem?

answer

volcanic eruption

question

In Clackamas, Oregon, a stand of hybrid poplar trees was planted on an area of land that iscontaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Why would someone purposely planttrees in an area with contaminated soil?

answer

to use the trees as a means of phytoremediation

question

Which of the following is not an example of a predicted impact of climate change?

answer

Wildflower diversity in northeastern United States will increase

question

You are a climate scientist who wants to investigate climate change. Which of the followingmeasurements would be the least useful?

answer

rainfall in the southeastern United States from 20 years ago to the present day

question

According to this figure, which organisms have the highest concentration of PCBs, and why?

answer

herring gulls, because they are at the top of the foodchain

question

According to this graph of changes in Earth's atmosphere, which of the following took placebetween the years 1800 and 2000?

answer

Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increased from 290ppm to 380ppm

question

The figure below depicts natural fluctuation of ozone levels in Switzerland between 1925 and 1976.Dobson units are a way to measure the total amount of atmospheric ozone above a point on the Earth's surface. What can you conclude from this figure?

answer

Natural fluctuation of ozone layers varies greatly year to year, so the average for this 50-year span was approximately 330 Dobson units

question

When snakeheads enter aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity in these ecosystems would most likely

answer

decrease, since the snakehead will prey on native species

question

Based on the characteristics of the snakehead described, which of the following is most likely to be a productive strategy to reduce the spread of this species?

answer

Introducing a natural predator to feed on juvenile snakeheads

question

If you were a scientist working on this project, how would you argue that the results of the research would be worth the time investment?

answer

finding the wild relative with diseases resistance would allow Asian farmers to continue to grow the crop they know

question

Which of the following is an advantage of using managed relocation?

answer

Governments will not face the large costs of maintaining conserved areas for corridors

question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using managed relocation?

answer

scientists may move species to ranges where they will be invasive

BIOLOGY5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards