Biology I Chapter 10 – Flashcards
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The term for a group of similar organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring?
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Species
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Which scientist proposed that if an organism used a structure so much that it grew, the trait of that larger structure could be passed to its offspring?
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
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The "present is the key to the past" describes the theory of ________.
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Uniformitarianism
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A fossil is a trace of an organism that ___________.
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Existed in the past
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The theory that landforms on earths surface, such as mountains, waterfalls, and canyons, were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called the theory of _________.
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Catastrophism
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The difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in a group is called ______.
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Variation
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Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience ________.
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Genetic changes
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What did Charles Darwin observe in finch populations on the Galápagos Islands off the coast of South America?
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Different species on different islands
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What did Charles Darwin learn from the fossils of a giant armadillo that he found in Argentina?
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Modern animals may be related to fossilized organisms
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Fossils of marine organisms hgh in the Andes mountains led Darwin to conclude that _____________.
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Great change can happen over time
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The development by scientists of a new color in a rose is the result of ____________.
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Artificial selection
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In natural selection, the selective agent is ________.
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Environment
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All the rabbits living in a particular area would be an example of a _________.
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Population
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A bird that can easily outcompete other birds for food and that can produce many eggs has a high ______.
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Fitness
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Natural selection acts on _______________.
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Existing physical traits
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A vestigial structure is the __________.
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Wings of an ostrich
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Biogeography is the study of the __________________.
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Distribution of organisms around the world
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What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
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Evolution from a distant common ancestor
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Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures. These are known as ____________.
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Homologous structures
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If an organism has a vestigial structure, that structure likely once had a function in a(n) ___________.
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Early ancestor
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Paleontology is the study of ________.
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Fossils
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Two organisms that are closely related would have _____________.
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Very similar DNA sequences
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What are pseudogenes?
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Gene sequences that no longer function
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Evolution is considered to be one of the most important theories in science, because it ______________________.
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Unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry, and ecology
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Protein sequences in one organism that resemble those of another suggest a __________.
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Shared ancestry
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What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?
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Adaptation
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All of the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a _________.
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Population
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The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n) ____________.
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Vestigial structure
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What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
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Different species of finches lived on different islands
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Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?
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Carolus Linnaeus
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The tortoise from Abingdon island (long legs) would likely be. Enter adapted than the Albermarle island tortoise (short legs) to which environment?
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Areas with lots of taller plants
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Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in earths history?
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Catastrophism
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The hind legs bones in a whale are examples of ___________.
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Vestigial structures
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Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like ancient versions of living species. From this evidence Darwin suggested that the earth was _____________.
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Much more than 6,000 years old
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What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
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Artificial selection
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Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce _________.
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More offspring
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Natural selection results in change over time by acting on traits that are _________.
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Heritable
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What is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world?
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Biogeography
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Fossil evidences shows that structures considered vestigial in living organisms _______________.
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Were useful to their ancestors
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Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?
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Evolution
