Biology exam 3 ch. 28 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Which of the following is true? 1. Microalgae are structurally more complex than cyanobacteria. 2. Cyanobacteria are structurally more complex than microalgae. 3. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are structurally the same, but perform photosynthesis differently. 4. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are the same thing.
answer
1. Microalgae are structurally more complex than cyanobacteria.
question
What is the source of carbon in carbon fixation? 1. carbon monoxide 2. glucose 3. carbon dioxide 4. methane gas
answer
3. carbon dioxide
question
Currently, most viable use of algae ponds is where? 1. coal-fired power plants 2. landfills 3. hazardous waste sites 4. wastewater treatment plants
answer
4. wastewater treatment plants
question
One of the major downsides to farming cyanobacteria is that they require vast quantities of what? 1. carbon monoxide 2. glucose 3. oxygen 4. water
answer
4. water
question
Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis? 1. Prokarya 2. Eukarya 3. Bacteria 4. Archaea
answer
1. Prokarya Prokarya was not one of the groups described in Woese's tree of life analysis.
question
What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis? 1. Number of cells in the organism 2. Composition of the cell wall 3. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus 4. Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences
answer
3. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus Before the tree of life analysis, organisms were classified as prokaryotes if they lacked a membrane-bound nucleus or eukaryotes if they possessed a membrane-bound nucleus.
question
True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria. 1. True 2. False
answer
1. True
question
Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true? 1. A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. 2. A paraphyletic group has not experienced lateral gene transfer. 3. A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. 4. A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral population and all of its descendants
answer
1. A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. This statement is true; the common characteristics of a paraphyletic group may have arisen from lateral gene transfer to some, but not all, lineages.
question
Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life? 1. Ribosomal RNA 2. Messenger RNA 3. Ribosome 4. DNA
answer
1. Ribosomal RNA Ribosomal RNA was the molecule used to produce Woese's phylogeny because it evolves slowly and is critical to the function of the ribosome, which serves the same function in all three domains in the tree of life.
question
What is lateral gene transfer? 1. Inheritance of a gene through meiosis 2. Inheritance of a gene through mitosis 3. Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage. 4. Inheritance of a gene from a parent
answer
3. Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage. Lateral gene transfer is the physical transfer of a gene between distantly related lineages
question
What is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic ancestors? 1. The oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic. 2. Prokaryotes possess flagella. 3. Bacteria are unicellular. 4. Prokaryotes possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
answer
1. The oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic. Prokaryotes appear 3.5 BYA whereas Eukaryotes do not appear until 1.75 BYA.
question
If Bacteria and Archaea in a 1-square-meter plot of soil were killed, what would happen? 1. Oxygen levels in the atmosphere would drop. 2. Most of the animals on the plot would die. 3. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere would increase. 4. Most of the plants on the plot would die.
answer
4. Most of the plants on the plot would die. Nearly all plants depend on the nitrogen fixation of Bacteria and Archaea in the soil.
question
Robert Koch is best known for which of the following contributions? 1. discovery of Archaea 2. discovery of Bacteria 3. identifying distinctions between Bacteria and Archaea 4. establishing a link between bacteria and disease
answer
4. establishing a link between bacteria and disease
question
Molecular phylogenies were first used to separate bacterial and archaeal lineages based on the sequence data from which of the following molecules? 1. rRNA 2. photosynthetic pigments 3. metabolic enzymes 4. cell-wall carbohydrates
answer
1. rRNA
question
Methanotrophs are so named because they _____. 1. produce methane gas 2. produce ammonia 3. consume methane gas 4. consume ammonia
answer
3. consume methane gas Methano- refers to methane and -troph refers to feeding.
question
What is the electron acceptor for humans in the electron transport chain? 1. water 2. oxygen 3. sugars 4. sulfate
answer
2. oxygen We breathe in oxygen to convert sugars into energy
question
The Gram stain is commonly used to classify a bacterial isolate into one of two groups, based on the characteristics of which of the following structures? 1. pilus 2. cell wall 3. plasma membrane 4. flagellum
answer
2. cell wall
question
Organisms that synthesize their own food from simple starting materials are named _____, whereas those that absorb ready-to-use compounds are _____. 1. autotrophs; heterotrophs 2. phototrophs; autotrophs 3. lithotrophs; chemotrophs 4. chemotrophs; heterotrophs
answer
1. autotrophs; heterotrophs
question
Which character separates Bacteria from Archaea? 1. Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. 2. Bacteria have circular chromosomes. 3. Bacteria do not have a nuclear envelope. 4. Bacteria are unicellular.
answer
1. Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. This is a key distinguishing feature between Bacteria and Archaea.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New