Biology exam 3 ch. 28 – Flashcards

Which of the following is true? 1. Microalgae are structurally more complex than cyanobacteria. 2. Cyanobacteria are structurally more complex than microalgae. 3. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are structurally the same, but perform photosynthesis differently. 4. Microalgae and cyanobacteria are the same thing.

What is the source of carbon in carbon fixation? 1. carbon monoxide 2. glucose 3. carbon dioxide 4. methane gas

Currently, most viable use of algae ponds is where? 1. coal-fired power plants 2. landfills 3. hazardous waste sites 4. wastewater treatment plants

One of the major downsides to farming cyanobacteria is that they require vast quantities of what? 1. carbon monoxide 2. glucose 3. oxygen 4. water

Which group was not described in Woese's tree of life analysis? 1. Prokarya 2. Eukarya 3. Bacteria 4. Archaea

What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis? 1. Number of cells in the organism 2. Composition of the cell wall 3. Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus 4. Differences in ribosomal RNA sequences

True or false? Data showing that the Bacteria were the first lineage to diverge from the common ancestor of all living organisms suggest that the Archaea and Eukarya are more closely related to each other than they are to the Bacteria. 1. True 2. False

Which of the following statements about phylogenetic trees is true? 1. A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. 2. A paraphyletic group has not experienced lateral gene transfer. 3. A monophyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants. 4. A paraphyletic group consists of an ancestral population and all of its descendants

Which molecule did Carl Woese study to produce his tree of life? 1. Ribosomal RNA 2. Messenger RNA 3. Ribosome 4. DNA

What is lateral gene transfer? 1. Inheritance of a gene through meiosis 2. Inheritance of a gene through mitosis 3. Physical transfer of a gene from a species in one lineage to a species in another lineage. 4. Inheritance of a gene from a parent

What is the best evidence that all life evolved from prokaryotic rather than eukaryotic ancestors? 1. The oldest fossil form of life known is prokaryotic. 2. Prokaryotes possess flagella. 3. Bacteria are unicellular. 4. Prokaryotes possess peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

If Bacteria and Archaea in a 1-square-meter plot of soil were killed, what would happen? 1. Oxygen levels in the atmosphere would drop. 2. Most of the animals on the plot would die. 3. Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere would increase. 4. Most of the plants on the plot would die.

Robert Koch is best known for which of the following contributions? 1. discovery of Archaea 2. discovery of Bacteria 3. identifying distinctions between Bacteria and Archaea 4. establishing a link between bacteria and disease

Molecular phylogenies were first used to separate bacterial and archaeal lineages based on the sequence data from which of the following molecules? 1. rRNA 2. photosynthetic pigments 3. metabolic enzymes 4. cell-wall carbohydrates

Methanotrophs are so named because they _____. 1. produce methane gas 2. produce ammonia 3. consume methane gas 4. consume ammonia

What is the electron acceptor for humans in the electron transport chain? 1. water 2. oxygen 3. sugars 4. sulfate

The Gram stain is commonly used to classify a bacterial isolate into one of two groups, based on the characteristics of which of the following structures? 1. pilus 2. cell wall 3. plasma membrane 4. flagellum

Organisms that synthesize their own food from simple starting materials are named _____, whereas those that absorb ready-to-use compounds are _____. 1. autotrophs; heterotrophs 2. phototrophs; autotrophs 3. lithotrophs; chemotrophs 4. chemotrophs; heterotrophs

Which character separates Bacteria from Archaea? 1. Bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell wall. 2. Bacteria have circular chromosomes. 3. Bacteria do not have a nuclear envelope. 4. Bacteria are unicellular.