Biology chapter 10 Meiosis study guide – Flashcards
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During what phase of meiosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite sides of the cell?
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Anaphase 2
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In meiosis, what leads to a reduction in chromosome number from 2n to n?
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homologous chromosomes travel to opposite sides of the cell to be contained in new nuclei
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What is illustrated in this diagram?
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crossing over
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During which event in the cell cycle does crossing over most likely occur?
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when homologous chromosomes line up in pairs
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The typical body cell of a "Satocojo" cell has 60 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a typical Satocojo sperm?
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30
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What occurs during metaphase 1?
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homologous pairs of chromosomes line up next to one another along the equator
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Which stage of meiosis is this?
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metaphase 2
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During which stage of meiosis is the law of independent assortment?
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metaphase 1
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If a cell has 2 chromosomes (N=2), how many chromosomes does the gamete have?
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2 chromosomes (notice the first cell is DIPLOID 2N and the gamete is HAPLOID N)
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What happens in meiosis that our children have the same number of chromosomes as the parents?
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Meiosis reduces number of chromosomes to N in the sex cell (sperm or egg). After fertilization, the chromosome number is brought back to 2N (N from mom + N from dad = 2N)
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What are the 3 events in meiosis that result in genetic variation?
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1) crossing over 2) independent assortment 3) fertilization
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How are mitosis and meiosis similar?
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1) Both result in daughter cells 2) Both duplicate DNA and divide 3) Cell reproduction
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How are mitosis and meiosis different?
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1) Mitosis results in 2 exact copies; meiosis results in 4 genetically different cells 2)Meiosis 2 PMAT cycles; mitosis 1 PMAT cycle 3)Meiosis chromosomes cross over; mitosis has no crossing over 4)In Meiosis: centromeres survive anaphase 1; in Mitosis centromeres dissolve in anaphase 5) In Meiosis: cells are produced for sexual reproduction; In Mitosis cells are produced for asexual reproduction and growth and repair
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How is meiosis 1 like meiosis 2?
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1) Both divide 2) Both go through PMAT
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How is meiosis 1 different from meiosis 2?
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1) No interphase before Meiosis 2 2) Meiosis 1 has homologous chromosomes 3) Meiosis 1 divides into 2 diploid cells and Meiosis 2 divides into 4 haploid cells
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A horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey has 62 chromosomes. A cross between a horse and a donkey will produce a mule that is sterile. Explain how this can occur.
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There are 64 chromosomes from the horse and 62 chromosomes from donkey. Only 62 chromosomes will pair up and they are not identical. There is enough similar genetic information to produce a living organism but not enough similarity to produce an organism that can also reproduce.
