question

What do scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes have in common? Both generate three-dimensional images. Both offer magnification to the atomic level. Both are used to view the parts of a cell. Both require a vacuum.

answer

vacuum

question

According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells? blood water carbon dioxide chromosome

answer

blood

question

The study of which structure was instrumental in the formulation of the modern cell theory? plant cell animal cell cell membrane DNA molecule

answer

DNA molecule

question

Which is a part of the cell theory? cells come from pre-existing cells cells have a nucleus organisms with one cell must be seen with a microscope organisms must have more than one cell to live

answer

pre-existing cells

question

Which microscope uses a series of lenses to magnify an object in steps? electron microscope simple microscope compound light microscope scanning microscope

answer

compound light

question

Which statement best explains why cells were observed in more detail using a compound microscope than a simple microscope? A compound microscope has greater magnification ability than a simple microscope. The compound microscope was invented before the simple microscope. A compound microscope is much easier to manufacture than a simple microscope. Compound microscopes were more common than simple microscopes.

answer

compound has greater magnification ability

question

What was Rudolph Virchow's contribution to the cell theory? He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. He concluded that cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. He concluded that all organisms are composed of cells. He concluded that all cells are similar in composition and metabolic activities.

answer

all cells come from pre-existing cells

question

Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope

answer

scanning tunneling

question

Which experiments led to changes to the original cell theory? experiments that showed that blood cells transport gases, waste, and nutrients throughout the body experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and in their composition experiments that transplanted synthetic chromosomes into bacterial cells to create a new species experiments that established the existence of single-celled organisms and microbes

answer

experiments that showed that all cells are similar in how they metabolize and in their composition

question

Which microscope did Anton van Leeuwenhoek use to observe single-celled organisms? simple microscope compound light microscope electron microscope tunneling microscope

answer

simple

question

Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory? DNA in mitochondria DNA in the cell nucleus DNA in ribosomes DNA in the cytoplasm

answer

mitochondria

question

Based on the endosymbiotic theory, what cell would result from the endosymbiosis of a cell with a cyanobacterium? a eukaryotic cell that can make its own food a prokaryotic cell that can make its own food an aerobic bacterium an anaerobic bacterium

answer

euk. can make own food

question

which statement is least likely to support the endosymbiotic theory? Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce independently from the cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that resembles bacterial DNA. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are much larger than prokaryotic cells.

answer

much larger than prok. cells

question

Which structure is unique to eukaryotic cells? DNA cell membrane ribosomes nucleus

answer

nucleus

question

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation? endosymbiotic theory inheritance research forensic science study of cork bark

answer

cork bark

question

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified? The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria

answer

euk, contains mitochondria

question

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms? mitochondrion DNA nucleus cell

answer

cell

question

The endosymbiotic theory helps to explain the origin of which structures? mitochondria ribosomes nuclei cell membranes

answer

mitochondria

question

A student wonders whether removing the nucleus from a cell would result in a new prokaryotic cell. Why would this procedure fail to produce a prokaryotic cell? The cell would lack genetic information. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to produce proteins. The cell would lack the structure that is needed to protect the cell's organelles. The cell would lack control over materials that move into and out of the cell.

answer

lack genetic information

question

Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)? Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father. Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testing

answer

traced for generations

question

For diffusion to occur, which condition must be met? A concentration gradient must exist. A hypotonic external environment is required. A hypertonic external environment is required. Dynamic equilibrium must exist.

answer

A concentration gradient must exist

question

Which solution would most likely cause a plant placed in it to become firmer and more rigid? hypertonic hypotonic isotonic osmotic

answer

hypontonic

question

Which adaptation is used by polar bears to maintain internal homeostasis in cold temperatures? three layers of fur blubber finding shade underground white skin

answer

three layers of fur

question

Which homeostatic process moves particles against a concentration gradient? dynamic equilibrium passive transport osmosis active transport

answer

active transport

question

In which solution might a cell maintain homeostasis through diffusion? isotonic hypertonic hypotonic concentrated

answer

isotonic

question

Which movement of particles would be most affected by a disorder that causes damage to carrier proteins? osmosis isotonic active transport diffusion

answer

active transport

question

Which reason best explains why the cell membrane helps the cell maintain homeostasis? The cell membrane is selectively permeable. The cell membrane is composed of lipids and phosphates. The cell membrane is both hydrophilic and hydrophobic. The cell membrane is a bilayer structure.

answer

the cell membrane is selectively permeable

question

Reptiles and birds excrete waste as an insoluble white solid that is called uric acid. How does this help them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates? by retaining water by conserving energy by reducing body temperature by maintaining heart rate

answer

by retaining water

question

Water makes up a large percentage of the body's cells. For a cell to remain in homeostasis, there must be a mechanism to control water changes in the cells. The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is

answer

osmosis

question

Which best describes dynamic equilibrium? There is a difference in concentration on either side of the cell membrane. There is an uneven distribution of particles inside and outside the cell. Particles are moving into and out of the cell, but their concentrations remain stable. A concentration gradient is forcing water out of the cell and particles into the cell.

answer

Particles are moving...remain stable

question

Which are replicated during interphase? sister chromatids chromosomes centromeres nuclei

answer

chromosomes

question

Which is the end result of cytokinesis? one cell that has two identical copies of DNA one cell that has two different copies of DNA two cells that have two identical copies of DNA two cells that have two different copies of DNA

answer

two cells that have two identical copies of DNA

question

Centromeres split apart during

answer

anaphase

question

What would happen to skin cells if mitosis did not take place? Skin cells would regrow from other types of cells. Skin cells would be replaced at a slower rate. Skin cells would be replaced with new cells. Skin cells would die and not be replaced.

answer

skin cells would die and not be replaced

question

An example of mitosis at work is a leaf turning yellow. growing. taking in carbon dioxide. hosting a caterpillar.

answer

growing

question

Which of the steps in this sequence of events is an example of mitosis at work? A baseball hits the arm of a baseball player. The player reacts quickly grabbing his arm. A bruise forms where the ball hit the arm. The bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals.

answer

bruise slowly disappears as the arm heals

question

Scientists use tissue cultures to study possible medicines that can be used to treat cancer patients. What is one benefit of this procedure? Patients do not receive harmful or ineffective medication. The cultured cells are not in their normal environment. Doctors know how to treat all types of cancer. One tissue culture can be used for all cancer patients.

answer

patients do not receive harmful or ineffective meds

question

An example of mitosis at work is a plant root elongating. absorbing. pointing down. breaking.

answer

elongating

question

Which best describes the importance of mitosis to living organisms? genetic variation and growth growth and development development and sexual reproduction sexual reproduction and genetic variation

answer

growth and development

question

During which phase of mitosis do the nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and nucleus dissolve? metaphase prophase anaphase telophase

answer

prophase

question

Which best describes meiosis? It produces cells that are identical to the original cell. It is responsible for the replacement of damaged skin cells. It is responsible for growth of the organism. It produces male and female sex cells.

answer

it produces male and female sex cells

question

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over of chromosomes occur? prophase I metaphase I anaphase I telophase I

answer

prophase I

question

Why is meiosis important for organisms? It allows for genetic variation among organisms. It determines which genes are dominant and which are recessive. It produces genetically identical cells. It provides a means of asexual reproduction.

answer

allows for genetic variation among organisms

question

Which discovery did Gregor Mendel make? Traits are inherited independently of each other. Traits are inherited as a tetrad. Traits are inherited as homologous pairs. Traits are inherited as a set, from one parent.

answer

independently of each other

question

The diagram illustrates one method of genetic recombination. paternal maternal AA aa Aa Aa AA aa Aa Aa Which method of genetic recombination is illustrated in the diagram? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation

answer

crossing over

question

How many cell divisions occur during meiosis? one two three four

answer

two

question

Which process of genetic recombination involves genes from both parents? crossing over independent assortment fertilization tetrad formation

answer

fertilization

question

Which best illustrates how Gregor Mendel used creativity that lead to scientific discovery? He noticed that traits were passed on from parents to offspring. He chose a parent generation and carefully studied its traits. He used pea plants to study the patterns of heredity. He observed how specific traits were passed from parent to offspring.

answer

pea plants to study patterns of heredity

question

Which three processes are methods of genetic recombination? natural selection, crossing over, and independent assortment crossing over, independent assortment, and fertilization independent assortment, fertilization, and natural selection fertilization, natural selection, and crossing over

answer

crossing over, independent assortment, fertilization

question

In his study of pea plants, Gregor Mendel used which method to produce offspring? cross-pollination, by using parents that had identical traits cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits self-pollination, by using one parent random pollination, by using both identical- and different-trait matings

answer

cross-pollination, by using parents that had different traits

question

Which is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction? mutation accumulation genetic variation slow reproduction process mate required

answer

mutation accumulation

question

Mitosis produces which cell type? haploid diploid chromosome gamete

answer

diploid

question

Which process can be described as two cell divisions, genetic variation, and haploid cells? meiosis mitosis binary fission fertilization

answer

meiosis

question

Which process must the cell undergo to have genetically different cells at the end of cell division? meiosis mitosis asexual reproduction binary fission

answer

meiosis

question

Scientists studied reproduction in the New Zealand mud snail to answer the question, "Are there benefits to reproducing sexually or asexually?" Which of these hypotheses would least likely aid the scientists as they worked to answer the question? Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it reduces the rate of mutation accumulation. Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it allows the snails to produce more offspring. Sexual reproduction is advantageous over asexual reproduction because it allows for snails to have increased genetic variation. Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails' need for social interaction.

answer

Asexual reproduction is advantageous over sexual reproduction because it decreases the snails' need for social interaction.

question

In which type of reproduction can cells divide through the process of mitosis? chromosome duplication sexual reproduction gamete formation asexual reproduction

answer

asexual

question

Which of these pairings is correct? mitosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces diploids mitosis, part of sexual reproduction because it produces haploids meiosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces haploids meiosis, part of sexual reproduction because it produces diploids

answer

mitosis, part of asexual reproduction because it produces diploids

question

Which describes the process of a bacterial cell dividing to create two daughter cells? binary fission fertilization meiosis gamete formation

answer

binary fission

question

A cell contains the same DNA as its parent cell. This is a result of which process? mitosis meiosis gamete formation fertilization

answer

mitosis

question

Meiosis produces which cell type? haploid diploid chromosome somatic

answer

haploid

question

All the major organs of the body are formed by week 10 of gestation. Which process makes this possible? growth fertilization self-renewal differentiation

answer

differentiation

question

When a disease-causing agent enters an organism, the immune system alerts which specialized cells? red blood cells epithelial cells white blood cells somatic stem cells

answer

white blood cells

question

Which statement best describes embryonic stem cells? Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal only. Embryonic stem cells are capable of differentiation only. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation. Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation.

answer

self renewel and unlimited differentiation

question

Gene expression within the body is controlled by the cells, which determine when a specific gene should or should not be expressed. Influenza (the flu) is caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory system. Which type of gene is likely to be widely expressed in the body of someone who contracts the influenza virus? The gene that controls production of stem cells. The gene that controls production of skin cells. The gene that controls production of red blood cells. The gene that controls production of white blood cells.

answer

white blood cells

question

_______ are a source of stem cells that has the characteristics of self-renewal and limited differentiation.

answer

amnoitic fluid

question

Which cells are considered immortal? neurons blood cells cardiac muscle cells stem cells

answer

stem

question

Which cell is unspecialized? blood cell stem cell epithelial cell gamete

answer

stem

question

Which series lists the stages of development in the gestational process in order, from beginning to end? gametes ® embryo ® zygote ® fetus ® organism gametes ® zygote ® embryo ® fetus ® organism embryo ® gametes ® zygote ® fetus ® organism zygote ® gametes ® embryo ® fetus ® organism

answer

gametes ® zygote ® embryo ® fetus ® organism

question

Which best describes embryonic stem cells? They are capable of self-renewal only. They are capable of differentiation only. They are capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation. They are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation

answer

They are capable of self-renewal and unlimited differentiation ( same as above )

question

Which of these pairings is incorrect? blood cells, components of blood neurons, conduct electrical impulses epithelial cells, react to stimuli muscle cells, elongated cells that can contract

answer

epithelial

question

A species of mud snail was studied for five years. During this time, scientists observed the season in which they mated, the number of offspring they produced, and the results of such stressors as drought, famine, and lack of mates. Which question were the scientists most likely studying? What is the food source most often chosen by the mud snail? Are mud snails able to reproduce both asexually and sexually? Are mud snails more likely to choose mates with colorful shells? Do mud snails prefer to live in water or near a water source?

answer

reproduce both asexually and sexually?

question

Which two microscopes generate three-dimensional images? scanning electron microscope and scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope and transmission electron microscope compound light microscope and scanning electron microscope

answer

SEM and scanning tunneling

question

Rapid reproduction is an advantage of which process? gamete formation sexual reproduction asexual reproduction chromosome duplicatio

answer

asexual

question

Tissue cultures (samples of cancer cells) are taken from cancer patients, and the cells are then grown in a laboratory. What is the purpose of growing cancer cells in a laboratory? to test medicinal treatments before giving them to patients to replace cancer cells with healthy cells to provide evidence of cancer cells in the patient to stop the cancer from growing in the patien

answer

test medicinal...to patients

question

Fewer offspring is a disadvantage of which form of reproduction? mitosis asexual reproduction binary fission sexual reproduction

answer

sexual

question

Smooth muscle, a type of specialized muscle cell, functions in which process? food digestion skeletal movement pumping of blood heart contraction

answer

food digestion

question

Chlorophyll is found in plant leaves and absorbs light from the sun to enable plants to perform photosynthesis. Magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll. The concentration of magnesium ions is higher in the root-hair cells of plants than in the soil. Which mechanism of ion uptake would best enable a plant to produce a steady supply of chlorophyll? osmosis diffusion passive transport active transport

answer

active transport

question

Which homeostatic process is characterized by the diffusion of water molecules? active transport osmosis passive transport dynamic equilibrium

answer

osmosis

question

A patient is in need of hydration. Which type of solution are the patient's cells most likely in? hypotonic hypertonic isotonic osmotic

answer

hypertonic

question

Which best defines a diploid cell during meiosis? a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the parent cell a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell a cell that has double the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell a cell that has half the number of chromosomes as the daughter cell

answer

double number of chromosomes as daughter cell

question

Based on the data in the graph, which would most likely happen if the paramecium were placed in distilled water? The contractions would increase. The contractions would decrease. The contractions would cease altogether. The contractions would establish dynamic equilibrium.

answer

Increase

question

Which series of diagrams correctly represents the order of mitosis?

answer

a

question

Which statement best summarizes the importance of meiosis to reproduction? It produces diploid cells that are needed for sexual reproduction. It produces diploid cells that are needed for asexual reproduction. It produces gametes that are needed for sexual reproduction. It produces gametes that are needed for asexual reproduction.

answer

gametes; sexual

question

A new multicellular organism has been discovered, and scientists want to study the organism's cell structures, including organelles. Which microscope should they use? scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope simple microscope

answer

transmission electron microscope

question

Which part of cell division is different in plant and animal cells? cytokinesis anaphase mitosis eukaryotic

answer

cytokinesis

question

Which correctly describes crossing over? the process whereby nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell the process whereby sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell the process whereby homologous chromosome pairs align randomly along the metaphase plate

answer

the process whereby homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

question

Which best describes the cell theory? Scientists know all there is to know about cells, so the cell theory will not change. As technological advancements are made, the cell theory may change. A theory, once formulated, cannot be changed. The development of a synthetic cell has caused the cell theory to change

answer

cell theory may change

question

Which process helps make meiotic cells genetically different and occurs during prophase I, but not during prophase II?

answer

crossing over

question

A magnifying glass is an example of which type of microscope? electron microscope scanning microscope compound light microscope simple microscope

answer

simple

question

How has the study of mitosis affected scientists' knowledge of cancer? It led to a study of how to induce cancer cells to divide more rapidly. It led to an understanding of how cancer cells divide so rapidly. It led to the development of contact-inhibition regulators. It led to the discovery of how to prevent cancer cells from dividing

answer

understanding of how

question

Which statement correctly describes the bars on a bar graph representing the data? The graph has five bars of equal height. The bars range from tallest for very high concentration to shortest for very low concentration. The bar for very low concentration is twice the height of the bar for medium concentration. The bar for very high concentration is five times the height of the bar for very low concentration.

answer

c

question

Which does the letter A represent in the diagram? centriole chromosome centromere spindle

answer

spindle

question

Which specialized cells are responsible for transmitting messages throughout the body? neurons epithelial cells blood cells muscle cells

answer

neurons

question

Which best defines homeostasis? modifying the external environment maintaining a stable internal environment controlling what enters and exits the cell movement of materials into the cell

answer

stable internal environment

question

Scientists use squid nerve cells in research because the nerve cells of a squid are 1,000 times fatter than those of a human. How is the outcome of nerve cell research most likely to be affected if scientists were to study human nerve cells directly? The outcome would be different because humans and squids are very different. The outcome would be different because the nerve cells in squids are much larger than those of humans. The outcome would be the same because in both cases a nerve cell is being researched. The outcome would be the same because genes in squids and humans are 85 percent identical

answer

same, in both cases a nerve cell is being researched

question

How is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing used in forensic science? An unknown mtDNA sample is matched to a sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene. An unknown mtDNA sample is matched to a sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene. An unknown nuclear DNA sample is matched to a sample of nuclear DNA that was found at a crime scene. An unknown nuclear DNA sample is matched to a sample of mtDNA that was found at a crime scene.

answer

mtDNA; mtDNA

question

A scientist discovers a cell that has chloroplasts, cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified? The cell is prokaryotic because it has DNA. The cell is prokaryotic because it has cytoplasm. The cell is eukaryotic because it has a cell membrane. The cell is eukaryotic because it has chloroplasts

answer

euk, chloroplasts

question

Which best describes reproduction? Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction allows for diploid gametes to combine to increase genetic variation. Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of haploid gametes. Sexual reproduction does not require the production of gametes

answer

asexual; identical

question

Which process is similar to binary fission? genetic variation crossing over meiosis mitosis

answer

mitosis

question

Which process produces clones? asexual reproduction sexual reproduction chromosome duplication gamete formation

answer

chromosome duplication

question

Which statement is one component of the cell theory? All living and nonliving things consist of one or more cells. Cells and living organisms are spontaneously created. Cells are the most complex unit of structure and function in living things. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms

answer

all living or nonliving...or more cells

question

Which stem cells are capable of the most limited differentiation? adult stem cells amniotic fluid stem cells embryonic stem cells somatic stem cells

answer

embryonic

question

What is the end result of meiosis? four identical daughter cells four different daughter cells two identical daughter cells two different daughter cells

answer

4 diff daughter cells

question

Who first recognized the cell as the universal unit of life? Virchow van Leeuwenhoek Hooke Schleiden and Schwann

answer

Schleiden and Schwann

question

What is the step that is labeled D? metaphase I metaphase II telophase II telophase I

answer

metaphase I

question

How many more phases occur during meiosis than during mitosis? none two four six

answer

four

question

In the study of cancer, researchers have used different types of cells, different environmental conditions, and different experimental designs. But, all researchers have arrived at the same conclusion. What does this say about the conclusion? It is well supported. It is weakly supported. It is inconclusive. It is refuted

answer

well supported

question

How would the contractile vacuole of a freshwater amoeba respond if the organism was placed in seawater? with more contractions with fewer contractions the contractions would suddenly cease with the same frequency of contractions

answer

more

question

The endosymbiotic theory provides an explanation for the origin of chloroplasts. Which trait of chloroplasts supports this explanation? Chloroplasts do not reproduce. Chloroplasts rely on proteins that are made by the cell. Chloroplasts are larger than prokaryotic cells. Chloroplasts have their own DNA

answer

own DNA

question

How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis? rest prior to cell division growth of cell and replication of DNA dissolution of nucleus and cell membrane division of cytoplasm

answer

growth of cell, DNA

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