question

Which of the following statements about human evolution is correct? a) Modern humans are the only human species to have evolved on Earth. b) Fossil evidence indicates that early anthropoids were arboreal, and cat-sized. c) The upright posture and enlarged brain of humans evolved simultaneously. d) Human evolution has occurred within an unbranched lineage. e) Human ancestors were virtually identical to extant chimpanzees.

answer

b

question

Genus that has only one extant (surviving) species?

answer

Homo

question

Common Hominoids

answer

Apes/Gorilla Humans Gibbon Orangutan 2 Species of chimps-Bonobos, Chimpanzee

question

Trait strongly associated with the adoption of bipedalism:

answer

Repositioning of foramen magnum. once was more towards the back, now towards the bottom for AMH.

question

Which of these hominin traits seems to have occurred before the others? language tool use increased brain size bipedalism symbolic thought

answer

bipedalism

question

Humans are ________

answer

Homo sapiens Symbolic thought, art, and language.

question

Genus Homo incresing brain-to-body size ratio with time: Hablisi Erectus Sapiens

answer

Hablisi 650-800cc 2 mya Erectus 900-1200cc 1.5 mya Sapiens 1200-1400cc .2 mya

question

Erectus fossils were:

answer

not limited to Africa, i.e. Beijing man in China .7 mya and Java man .75 mya

question

Which species was the first to have some member migrate out of Africa?

answer

Homo Erectus

question

Arrange the following taxonomic terms from most inclusive (i.e., most general) to least inclusive (i.e., most specific): 1. hominoids 2. hominins 3. Homo 4 anthropoids 5. primates

answer

5, 4, 1, 2, 3 primates, anthropoids, hominoids, hominins, homo

question

This is a gene linked to the development of speech in hominids:

answer

FOXP2

question

Which species was the first to craft stone tools?

answer

Homo habilis

question

Trend in hominin evolution?

answer

increased brain to body size ratio

question

How are primates different from all other mammals?

answer

opposable thumbs in many species

question

Characteristics of Primates: (6)

answer

Stereoscopic color vision Large brain to body size ratio Largely tree-dewelling (arboreal) and tropical Opposable thumb, not committed to paw Flat nails, no claws Complex facial musculature (social life)

question

_______ are the oldest known primate group.

answer

Prosimians

question

The primates that spend the most time walking upright are the _____.

answer

hominids

question

Which of these anthropoid groups consists of primates who are mostly tree dwellers and whose forelimbs and hind limbs are about equal in length and tails?

answer

Platyines New World Monkey

question

Which of these primate groups lives in trees in Central and South America and have nostrils that are wide open and far apart? (flat nose)

answer

Anthropoids- Platyrhines (new-world monkeys)

question

The most common kind of dispersion in nature is

answer

clumped non-random social

question

A table listing such items as age, observed number of organisms alive each year, and life expectancy is known as a (an)

answer

life table

question

Demography is the study of

answer

the vital statistics of populations and how they change over time.

question

Which of the following groups would be most likely to exhibit uniform dispersion? a. moths in a city at night b. lake trout, which seek out deep water c. cattails, which grow primarily at edges of lakes and streams d. dwarf mistletoes, which parasitize particular species of forest tree e. red squirrels, who actively defend territories

answer

e. red squirrels, who actively defend territories

question

Life tables are most useful in determining which of the following?

answer

the fate of a cohort of newborn organisms throughout their lives

question

Which of the following describes having more than one reproductive episode during a lifetime?

answer

iteroparous, repeated reprodution

question

Uniform spacing patterns in plants such as the creosote bush are most often associated with:

answer

competitive interactions among individuals in the population

question

Pacific salmon and annual plants are excellent examples of:

answer

semelparous reproduction

question

When enlarging brood size and then measuring % of male and female parent birds that survived the following winter you find:

answer

There appears to be a negative correlation between brood enlargements and parental survival.

question

Pacific salmon or annual plants illustrate which type of reproduction?

answer

Semelparity

question

Exponential growth of a population is represented by dN/dt=

answer

rN

question

Logistic growth of a population is represented by dN/dt=

answer

rN(K-N)/K

question

Carrying capacity is:

answer

the maximum population size that a particular environment can support.

question

Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the regulation of populations? a.Because of the overlapping nature of population-regulating factors, it is often difficult to precisely determine their cause-and-effect relationships. b.Density-independent factors have an increasingly greater effect as a population's density increases. c.High densities in a population may cause physiological changes that inhibit reproduction. d.The occurrence of population cycles in some populations may be the result of crowding or lag times in the response to density-dependent factors. e.The logistic equation reflects the effect of density-dependent factors, which can ultimately stabilize populations around the carrying capacity.

answer

b.Density-independent factors have an increasingly greater effect as a population's density increases.

question

According to the logistic growth equation dN/dt=rN(K−N)/K a.the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N approaches K. b.the population grows exponentially when K is small. c.population growth is zero when N equals K. d.the birth rate (b) approaches zero as N approaches K. e.the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to zero.

answer

c.population growth is zero when N equals K.

question

According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot continue to occupy the same: biome. territory. range. habitat. niche.

answer

niche.

question

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry? a. non-venomous snake that looks like a venomous snake b. fawn with fur coloring that camouflages it in the forest environment c. butterfly that resembles a leaf d. snapping turtle that uses its tongue to mimic a worm, thus attracting fish e. an insect that resembles a twig

answer

a. non-venomous snake that looks like a venomous snake

question

Which of the following describes the relationship between ants and acacia trees? parasitism commensalism mutualism inhibition facilitation

answer

mutualism

question

Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration? colors of an insect-pollinated flower brown color of tree bark a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig bands on a coral snake

answer

a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig

question

Which of the following types of species interaction is correctly paired with its effects on the density of the two interacting populations? predation: as one increases, the other increases commensalism: as one increases the other stays the same competition: both increase parasitism: both decrease mutualism: both decrease

answer

commensalism: as one increases the other stays the same

question

In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to eight after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a(n): mutualistic organism. herbivore. resource partitioner. keystone species. community facilitator.

answer

keystone species.

question

Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between: sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches. allopatric populations of species with similar ecological niches. sympatric populations of a flowering plant and its specialized insect pollinator. sympatric populations of a predator and its prey. allopatric populations of the same animal species.

answer

sympatric populations of species with similar ecological niches.

question

Define interactions: Parasitism

answer

+/- One species benefits by harming another Hookworms and Humans

question

Define interaction: Commensalism

answer

+/0 One species benefits; the other is unaffected epiphytic orchids and trees

question

Define interaction: Mutualism

answer

+/+ Both species benefits bees and flowers

question

Example of aposematic coloration:

answer

brightly coloered patterns of poison dart frogs

question

Which statement is false regarding Human Evolution: -Bipedality evolved before high brain-to-body size size ratio -Neanderthals lacked a cranial voult -Mitrochondrial sequances of living humans coalesce to about 10,000 years ago -Cave art was produced >30,000ya -160,000 year-old fossils are nicely intermediate between late H. erectus and H. spaiens

answer

-Mitrochondrial sequances of living humans coalesce to about 10,000 years ago

question

Strpsirhines

answer

Wet nose, lemurs

question

Platyrhines

answer

Flat nose, tail, equal arms and legs, New world monkey

question

Catarrhines

answer

No tail, narrow noses, trichromatic color vision

question

Cercopithocoids

answer

sexual dimorphic large nose, old world monkeys

question

Hominoid:

answer

closest relative chimpanzee

question

What is trichromatic vision good for:

answer

helps in location nutritious leaves and fruits

question

gorilla linage:

answer

Catarrhine--Hominoid male-male competition leads to polygyny and males 2x as females

question

Stone Tools made by: Habilis Erectus Neanderthalensis Sapiens

answer

Habilis: Oldwan, Handy man developed stone tools Erectus: Archeulean, Turkana boy--Fully bipedial 1.6 mya , small brain, Out of africa = Georgicus, Java man & Beijing man--lacked cranial volt and chin Neanderthalensis: Mousterian, same brain size as us, common ancestry 500,000 ya, 1-4% DNA introgression Sapiens: Aurignacian

question

ANA had an AFFAIR with an AFRICAN who SAID he was ROBUST, a BOY, and ATHLETIC

answer

ANAmensis-- AFAEREnsis-- AFRICANus-- foramen magnum moved under head SEDIBA-- ROUBUTus/ BOIsei/ AETHiopicus-- Roubstus had sagittal crest for more muscle attachment

question

Intermediate fossil found in:

answer

Ethiopia 160,000 mya

question

Cro-Magnon people:

answer

40,000 ya, buried dead, wore clothing, made jewelry Religious beliefs: 28,000 ya

question

Strongest predictor of skin color:

answer

UVR, 75% variance diet duration in a particular area melein poor, captures more sun

question

Lactose persistence

answer

LCT

question

sister group to Strepsirhines

answer

haplorhines

question

sister group to tarsiers

answer

anthropoidea

question

sister group to platyrhines

answer

catarrhines

question

sister group to cercopithecoids

answer

hominoids

question

Types of density dispersions:

answer

Clumped: most common, non-random, social Uniform: less common, territorial, penguins Random: plants

question

Life Tables: Lx- Mx-

answer

Lx- survival function Mx- fertility function

question

One of first life tables:

answer

John Graunt London in 1662, 60% died by 16 Japan 60% died by 90

question

N>K

answer

population spikes above K, then comes back down, (-)

question

N=K

answer

No change in population

question

N<K

answer

approaching K, population growth

question

Density dependent Positive:

answer

↑ population ↑ mortality

question

Idependent

answer

mortality rate w/out relation to population

question

Competition Consumer-victim (predation, herbivore, parasitism) Mutalism Commensalism Amansalism

answer

Competition: -/- Consumer-victim: +/- Mutalism: +/+ Commensalism: +/0 Amansalism: -/0 very common, competion asymectrical

question

What can density-dependent predation can lead to:

answer

population cycles, time lags

question

Cryptic coloration:

answer

match environment

question

Aposematic

answer

WARNING, bright coloration for distasteful or dangerous prey

question

Mimicry

answer

harmless prey minics a distasteful or dangerous one, Fly looks like bee/wasp

question

Example of combined behavior and morphological defenses:

answer

Killdeer, broken-wing display

question

Chemicals-secondary compounds defenses can:

answer

deter feeding interfere with digestion toxin

question

Two types of chemical defenses:

answer

constitutive: always present induced: low concentration normally, save E, then when wounded increase concentration

question

Niche

answer

biotic and abiotic factors of organism

question

An evolutionary response to competition in the past:

answer

character displacement change niche

question

Number described species:

answer

2 million

question

Worry about extinction of species:

answer

1-organisms are resources periwinkle for Hodgkin's and leukemia 2-Orgainism roles in ecosystems unknown keystone species

question

How

answer

proximate

question

Why

answer

Ultimate

question

Behaviors have _____ so they can be altered

answer

genetic basis

question

Fixed action patterns:

answer

Innately programmed, release or sign stimulus, goes until completion

question

Classical Conditioning

answer

reversible neutral stimulus (bell) associated with a non-neutral stimulus (meat)

question

Operant Conditioning

answer

trial/error

question

Cognition

answer

judgement, reasoning in social animals

question

Altruistic behavior

answer

↓own fitness to benefit kin

question

COMT, G72

answer

schizophrenia

question

Monamine oxidase gene

answer

agression

question

dopamine D2 receptor

answer

learn from mistakes

question

FOX2P

answer

learning a language

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