Biology 115 – Chapter 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Why type of junctions must there be between cells to form a barrier? - adhesion junctions - gap junctions - tight junctions - channel junctions - free junctions
answer
tight junctions
question
A malfunction with the microtubules would interfere with mitosis and meiosis. True or False?
answer
True
question
A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called... a protomembrane. a protosugar. a glycocalyx. a glycolipid. a glycoprotein.
answer
a glycoprotein
question
A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane. If 50 molecules were to enter the cell, how many molecules would need to exit the cell in order to maintain the equilibrium? 50 / 75 / 25 / 0 / 100
answer
50
question
All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT - invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum. - incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria. - incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts. - a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed. - groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.
answer
incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts.
question
Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water. What type of equipment should she use? - compound light microscope - transmission electron microscope - scanning electron microscope - magnifying glass - her naked eye
answer
compound light microscope
question
Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells. True or False?
answer
True
question
Because bacteria are prokaryotes, they do not have DNA. True or False?
answer
False
question
Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and plants. True or False?
answer
False
question
Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water. What happened in the red blood cells? - The cells shrunk. - The cells burst. - The cells did not change. - The cells divided into 2 identical cells. - The cellular metabolism increased in rate.
answer
The cells burst.
question
Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart. What is the easiest way to do this? - Use a transmission electron microscope. - Use a compound light microscope. - Use his eyes. - Use a magnifying glass. - Use a scanning electron microscope.
answer
Use his eyes.
question
Centrosomes are associated with... ribosomes. mitochondria. chromosomes. microtubules. lysosomes.
answer
microtubules
question
Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell. - In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell. - In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell. - In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal. - In a hypertonic solution, there is more water outside the cell. - In a hypotonic solution, there is more water inside the cell.
answer
In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.
question
Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of actin filaments. True or False?
answer
False
question
During a hurricane, salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die. The plants are killed because the salt water solution is __________________ to the plants, drawing water from their cells. - isotonic - hypotonic - mesotonic - oligotonic - hypertonic
answer
hypertonic
question
During exocytosis, the phospholipids present in the vesicle membrane will end up in the plasma membrane. True or False?
answer
True
question
Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration. True or False.
answer
False
question
How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope? - larger than a ribosome - larger than the Golgi apparatus - larger than the endoplasmic reticulum - smaller than a ribosome - smaller than a protein
answer
larger than a ribosome
question
If a cell has a volume of 3nm, what are the surface area and the volume of the cell? - 24nm2, 8nm3 - 38nm2, 16nm3 - 54nm2, 27nm3 - 64nm2, 24nm3 - 18nm2, 6nm3
answer
54nm2, 27nm3
question
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to... - form a spindle apparatus. - synthesize proteins. - respire oxidatively. - break down fats. - produce ATP.
answer
synthesize proteins.
question
If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis, what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle? - the outer mitochondrial membrane - vacuole - cristae - matrix - grana
answer
the outer mitochondrial membrane
question
If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell, what would happen to the ATP cycle? - It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP. - It would stop when all the ADP had been converted into ATP. - It would cycle faster because the lack of phosphate would drive the cycle. - It would cycle faster because of the buildup of ATP. - It would not affect the ATP cycle.
answer
It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
question
In a metabolic pathway, substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X. Y is further broken down into products V and W. How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway? one two three four five
answer
two
question
In an experiment in the laboratory, a small colored molecule is injected into one cell. Within minutes, the molecule has entered the adjacent cells. What type of junctions connect these cells? gap junctions free junctions adhesion junctions tight junctions actin junctions
answer
gap junctions
question
In developing embryos such as a chicken, what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements? - respiration - catabolism - anabolism - cell division - assimilation
answer
cell division
question
In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane, the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane. - hydrophobic, hydrophilic - hydrophilic, hydrophobic - autotrophic, heterotrophic - heterotrophic, autotrophic - ectothermic, endothermic
answer
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
question
In the sodium potassium pump, sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell via active transport. True or False
answer
False
question
Often when a person is admitted to the hospital, an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun. Since this does not harm the patient, what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood? - hypertonic - isotonic - hypotonic - pretonic - osmotonic
answer
isotonic
question
Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body. True or False
answer
False
question
Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old. These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity. What domain do these prokaryotes belong to? - Protists - Protoctista - Archaea - Archetista - Eukarya
answer
Archaea
question
Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with its false feet or pseudopods. This process is known as... - pinocytosis. - phagocytosis. - exocytosis. - facilitated transport. - osmosis.
answer
phagocytosis
question
Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration, all living cells must contain mitochondria. True or False
answer
False
question
The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what? - diffusion - facilitated transport - active transport - osmosis - crenation
answer
facilitated transport
question
The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle. True or False
answer
True
question
The first day of football practice was rough on the squad. During practice the players complained of cramps and sore muscles. The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles. - glucose - alcohol - carbon dioxide - carbon monoxide - lactate
answer
lactate
question
The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the... - matrix. - cristae. - rugae. - effluvium. - villi.
answer
matrix
question
The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of... - phospholipids. - DNA and proteins. - nucleoplasm. - ribosomes. - mitochondria.
answer
DNA and proteins.
question
The light microscope has a resolving power of... 0.1 mm. 0.01 mm. 0.0001 mm. 0.000001 mm. 0.00000001 mm.
answer
0.0001 mm.
question
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called... - denaturation. - osmosis. - dispersion. - dissociation. - reconstitution.
answer
osmosis
question
The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes as the nucleus of a cell in your brain. True or False
answer
True
question
The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a... - plasma membrane. - Sanger enclosure. - hydrophobic membrane. - dialysis membrane. - mosaic membrane.
answer
plasma membrane.
question
The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids? one two four eight sixteen
answer
two
question
The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because... - cells influence nearby cells to divide. - the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange. - cells need to dissipate heat effectively. - mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size. - cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.
answer
the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
question
The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its... - extracellular matrix. - function. - nuclear size. - surface area-to-volume ratio. - genome size.
answer
surface area-to-volume ratio.
question
The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called... - respiration. - anabolism. - photosynthesis. - metabolism. - reaction summary.
answer
metabolism.
question
Viruses are not made up of cells. According to cell theory, this means what? - Viruses can cause disease. - Cells come only from pre-existing cells. - Cells can be infected by viruses. - Viruses are not living. - Cells and viruses are the same thing.
answer
Viruses are not living.
question
What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called? - matrix - cristae - rugae - lumen - villi
answer
cristae
question
What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion? - mitochondria - vacuoles - Golgi apparatus - lysosomes - endoplasmic reticulum
answer
Golgi apparatus
question
What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells? nuclei nucleoli Golgi apparati lysosomes ribosomes
answer
lysosomes
question
What components make up the ribosomes? proteins and rRNA proteins and DNA lipids and rRNA carbohydrates and rRNA proteins and DNA
answer
proteins and rRNA
question
What do the SER and RER have in common? the presence of ribosomes the formation of transport vesicles the synthesis of phospholipids the synthesis of proteins the processing and modification of proteins
answer
the formation of transport vesicles
question
What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane? cell marker receptor support channel enzyme
answer
support
question
What is the main function of the ribosomes in the cell? to synthesize proteins to synthesize DNA to breakdown proteins into individual amino acids to form the nuclear envelope to provide strength and structural support for the cell membrane
answer
to synthesize proteins
question
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced during aerobic respiration? 38 36 32 2 4
answer
38
question
What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope? negative dermatome thermograph micrograph chromatograph
answer
micrograph
question
What is the name of the semi-fluid medium inside the cell? nucleolus cytoplasm organelle cytoskeleton mitochondrion
answer
cytoplasm
question
What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called? nucleus nucleolus nuclear envelope nucleoplasm endoplasmic reticulum
answer
nucleolus
question
What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object? compound light microscope transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope phase contrast microscope ultraviolet microscope
answer
scanning electron microscope
question
When ATP is broken down, heat is released. True or False
answer
True
question
Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane? endosymbiont model fluid-mosaic model plasmagel-plasmasol model lock and key model induced-fit model
answer
fluid-mosaic model
question
Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability? gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide ions large, polar molecules large, nonpolar molecules glycoproteins
answer
gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
question
Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning cilia? recurrent respiratory infections heart attack urinary infections muscle paralysis brittle bones
answer
recurrent respiratory infections
question
Which of the following does not utilize active transport? movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood concentrating iodine ions in the thyroid gland absorbing sugar in the gut water homeostasis in the kidneys movement of sodium and potassium in nerve cells
answer
movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood
question
Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton? maintain a cell's shape process proteins anchor organelles move organelles move the entire cell
answer
process proteins
question
Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? - determines which substances enter and leave the cell - serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment - contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment - contains the genetic information - marks the cell as belonging to a particular individual
answer
contains the genetic information
question
Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton? intermediate filaments microtubules microbodies actin filaments centrosome
answer
microbodies
question
Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction of the others? exocytosis phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis endocytosis
answer
exocytosis
question
Which of the following protein fibers is used for cellular movement and are extremely thin in size. actin filaments intermediate filaments microtubules centrosome cilia
answer
actin filaments
question
Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen? glycolysis citric acid cycle electron transport chain acetyl CoA conversion None of these require oxygen.
answer
glycolysis
question
Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? plasma membrane nucleus endoplasmic reticulum Golgi body mitochondria
answer
plasma membrane
question
Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then... - vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface. - vesicles must travel from the RER and SER to the Golgi apparatus. - the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system. - the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs. - the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins.
answer
vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
question
Which organelle can be likened to a post office? nucleus nucleolus mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus
answer
Golgi apparatus
question
Which protein filaments are bundled together to form cilia? microtubules actin filaments intermediate filaments centrosomes None of these.
answer
microtubules
question
Which structure in the human body will use flagella to move? sperm eggs lining of the respiratory tract lining of the uterine tubes lining of the urinary system
answer
sperm
question
Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible? Louis Pasteur Charles Darwin John Ray Walther Flemming Georges Cuvier
answer
Louis Pasteur
question
Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life? It breaks down sugar. It produces energy. It is present in most every type of cell. It does not require oxygen. It splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules.
answer
It is present in most every type of cell.
question
________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things. Compartments Cells Chromosomes Coelom Cristae
answer
Cells
