BIOL 1322 Nutrition Ch 9 – Flashcards
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Bariatrics is a field of medicine that specializes in the treatment of
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obesity
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Adverse effects on organs such as the liver from the presence of excess body fat is known as
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lipotoxicity
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Tom was overweight when he was 13. During puberty he continued to gain weight steadily until at age 23, when he decided to lose weight. Tom successfully lost 50 pounds. Which of the following most likely happened to Tom's fat cells?
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They shrank in size but did not decrease in number
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All of the following are sensible guidelines for diet plans except
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eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with food.
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Which of the following is not a satiating hormone?
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Ghrelin
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An example of a behavior modification technique for weight control is to
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keep a record of your eating habits
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Aggressive treatment should be introduced in obese people if they have which of the following risk factors?
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High LDL and low HDL
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What is the rationale for the fat cell theory of obesity?
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Fat cell number increases most readily in late childhood and early puberty
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The classification of underweight is defined when the BMI first drops below
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18.5
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Your patient, Mr. Sinclair, has a BMI of 43 and is taking drugs to lose weight. He has heard that some drugs cause lots of gastrointestinal discomfort and would prefer to take one that doesn't give him any of these side effects. Which of the following should be prescribed for Mr. Sinclair?
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Sibutramine
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Which of the following describes the research results regarding obese women in weight-loss programs?
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They initially expected to lose unrealistic amounts of weight
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On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
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Hypothalamus
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Obesity resulting from an increase in the number of fat cells is termed
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hyperplastic obesity
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The drug sibutramine reduces appetite by affecting
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serotonin utilization in the brain
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What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
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a genetic disorder resulting in obesity
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Approximately how many kcalories are expended per kilogram body weight when walking a mile at a moderate pace?
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1
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What percentage of people in the United States who use nonprescription weight-loss products, have a normal weight?
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10
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Which of the following is a feature of ghrelin?
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It stimulates appetite and energy storage, its blood concentration is very high in people with anorexia nervosa
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What is the primary action of orlistat, a weight-loss drug?
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it inhibits pancreatic lipase
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What is the chief reason that health-care professionals advise people to engage only in low-to-moderate intensity activities for prolonged duration rather than more intense, shorter routines?
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Compliance is better
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The prescription drug sibutramine acts by regulating the utilization of
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serotonin
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Of the following, which is not among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person?
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Forced awakening during the night for supplement meals and snacks
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All of the following are characteristics of food portion sizes except
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reducing portion size has a bigger impact than reducing energy density as a means of lowering total energy intake.
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Which of the following is a feature of physical inactivity and energy balance?
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Differences in the time obese and lean people spend lying, sitting, standing, and moving account for about 350 kcalories per day
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An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to
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increase physical activity
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Which of the following is the best evidence that environment must play a role in obesity?
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The rate of obesity has been rising while the gene pool has remained relatively constant
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Which of the following is a relation of "spot reducing" to exercise?
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No exercise can target fat removal from any specific area of the body
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Why is weight loss, in part, more successful with exercise and also after bypass surgery?
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Ghrelin levels are relatively low
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As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalorie per day is necessary to ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight?
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1200
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All of the following are factors that meet the conditions for surgical intervention for weight loss in obese people except
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ablility to tolerate sibutramine, orlistat, or phentermine
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Which of the following is a feature of energy metabolism in formerly obese people who have lost weight?
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Energy requirements are lower than expected for their current body weight
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What is the principal reason that the FDA has banned the sale of products containing ephedrine?
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The products were implicated in several cases of heart attacks and seizures
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All of the following are hormones that promote satiety except
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ghrelin
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All of the following are behavior modifications for losing weight except
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taking smaller portions of food but always eating everything on the plate quickly
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What serves as the body's chief storage site for lipids?
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white adipose tissue
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Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are classified as underweight?
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5
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Which of the following would not be part of a successful program of weight gain in an underweight individual?
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eat a large number of small meals
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What is the primary reason that laxatives are generally not effective agents for losing weight?
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They act on the large intestine rather than the small intestine
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What is the classification of a person who is 6ft 4in tall and 202 lbs?
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Healthy weight
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Which of the following describes a trend of worldwide obesity?
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Prevalence of obesity has leveled out in the last few years
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A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a
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fad
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the body's major types of adipose tissue?
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very little brown fat is found in adults whereas more is seen in infants
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What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long term basis for most overweight people?
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0.5-2 lbs week
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Which of the following defines the body's set point?
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Point above which the body tends to lose weight and below which it tends to gain weight
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Which of the following does not represent a common environmental influence on eating behavior?
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Being in a pleasant atmoshere often lengthens the time of a meal but not the amount of food eaten
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Which of the following is a feature of the body's response to engaging in physical activity?
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After an intense and vigorous workout, metabolism remains elevated for several hours.
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Which of the following is a feature of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme?
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Its activities in men and women are sex-related and explain the differences in major fat storage regions of the body.
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According to the body mass index figures, what percentage of people aged 2-19 years are overweight or obese?
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33
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Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
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More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy weight people
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Because obesity apparently has many causes, even in an individual, the best approach seems to be
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prevention
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Among the following, which is the most important stragedy for an underweight person who wishes to achieve a healthy body weight?
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A high-kcalorie diet plus regular exercise
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In a weight reduction regimen, the most realistic time frame for losing 10% of intital body weight is
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6 months
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Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
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Identical twins are twice as likely to weigh the same compared with fraternal twins
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A person who weighs 150lbs and walks at a pace of 3 miles/hr expends about how many kcalories in that hour?
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270
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Fads diets often produce weight loss, at least initially, because
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they are designed to limit energy intake to around 1200 kcal/day
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Kirima is a Native Eskimo who lives in one of the coldest regions in the world. What type of adipose tissue is most effective at helping her to maintain warm body temperatures during the coldest parts of the year?
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Brown
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Which of the following is not a feature of adiponectin?
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It is higher in obese people compared to lean people
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All of the following are meal-planning strategies for underweight people who desire to gain weight except
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they should refrain from between-meal snacking, especially energy drinks
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All of the followings are characteristics of the result of weight-loss surgery except
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medical supervision in the postsurgery period is required only for the first 6-9 months
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The feeling of satiety from weight-loss diets is best achieved by diets rich in
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complex carbohydrates
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Over-the-counter products labeled as "dieters tea" are reported to lead to
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nausea and diarrhea
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To help maximze the long-term success of a person's weight-loss program, which of the following personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual?
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Strongly believing that weight can be lost
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What is the best approach to weight loss?
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Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure
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All of the following are features of fat cell metabolism in men and women except
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the rate of fat breakdown is higher in women than in men
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All of the followings are associations between the environment and food intake except
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distractions generally appear to reduce food intake
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Which of the following is a feature of leptin?
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It is a satiety signal
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To qualify for successful weight-loss maintenance, a 200lb person who intentionally who lost 20lbs must hold the loss for at least
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1 year
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Approximately what percentage of overweight people who intentionally lose weight are ablel to maintain the weight loss for at least one year?
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50
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Jody is taking a nutrition class, and has been assigned to evaluate a popular diet plan. She finds a description of a plan for her assignment in a magazine at the grocery store. Which of the following statements in the magazine would suggest that this plan is an unsound, fad diet?
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"Once you complete this 6-month plan, you'll never have to diet again."
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Which of the following would be most effective at lowering energy intake in a person on a weight reduction program?
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Select less energy-dense foods
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Compared with non-obese people, obese people have a lower
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physical activity level
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Approximately how many kcalories per week should be expended in physical activity in order to maintain a weight loss?
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2000
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Features of the adaptive response to regular physical exercise include all of the following except
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it stimulates digestive function in the postexercise period
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Which of the following describes a connection between physical activity and energy expeniture?
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Walking a mile uses about the same energy as running a mile
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When consumed in high doses, which of the following is associated with modest weight loss in people?
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Pyruvate
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What is the chief factor that determines a person's susceptility to obesity?
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Heredity and environment
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Which of the following is known to cause a reduction in fat cell number in mice?
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Injection of leptin
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What is the significance of the uncoupling proteins in adipose tissue?
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Increased loss of body heat
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of obese people?
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Most weight-loss programs that use state-of-the-art techniques allow for long-term weight loss
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Which of the following is known to promote fat storage in adipocytes?
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Liporprotein lipase
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What are the observed effects of sleep deprivation on leptin and ghrelin?
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Leptin decreases while ghrelin increases
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At any given time, approximately what percentage of all U.S. adults are attempting to lose weight?
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60
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Fraudulent weight reduction literature refers to visually apparent, lumpy forms of body fat as
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cellulite
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A typical person who burns 200 kcalories during a 2-mile run would, in the postexercise period, burn an additional
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30 kcalcories
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Obesity resulting from an increase in the size of fat cells is termed
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hypertrophic obesity
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Clincially severe obesity is also known as
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morbid obesity
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Which of the following is a feature of weight-loss remedies?
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Dietary supplements are not necessary tested for safety or effectiveness
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All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except
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the number decreases when fat is lost from the body
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Television watching contributes to obesity for all of the following reasons except
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it replaces time that could be spent eating
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Which of the following describes a relationship between leptin and energy balance?
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Blood levels of leptin usually correlate directly with body fat
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To help prevent body fat gain, the DRI suggests daily, moderately intense, physical activities totaling
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60 minutes
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All of the following are features of the effect of food accessibility on food intake except
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people at home would rather travel to the store to obtain new food than to eat leftovers
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As a new assistant in a weight-loss research labortary, you are given a tour of the mouse labortary. Why is the leptin-deficient mouse much larger than its leptin-sufficient counterpart?
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Leptin-deficiency enhances appetite and decreases energy expenditure
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In the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the followings except
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adipocyte number
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Hyperplastic obesity is related to
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increase in the number of fat cells
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What is the principle reason that appetite is turned off immediately after a person finishes an intense workout?
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Glucose and fatty acids are still abundant in the blood
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According to body mass index values, what fraction of the U.S. audlt population is considered overweight or obese?
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2/3
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The most likely explanation for why women readily store fat around the hips whereas men readily store fat around the abdomen is gender differences in
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the activity of lipoprotein lipase
