Question 1

The human immune system cannot effectively suppress the HIV virus on its own. What key feature of HIV makes it so hard to beat?

Accepted Answer

The HIV virus has an extremely high rate of mutation.

Question 2

Imagine that four people are infected with HIV from a common source (an infected blood sample). Initially, the patients\' HIV populations are genetically identical. By the time they develop full-blown AIDS, how would the viral populations of the four patients compare?

Accepted Answer

Each patient\'s viral population would be unique, specifically adapted to deal withâand overcomeâhis or her unique immune system responses.

Question 3

As proposed by Darwin, what sorts of traits are favored by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Heritable traits that help individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than others in the same population.

Question 4

Natural selection is best described as _____.

Accepted Answer

a filtering process that fine-tunes the traits of populations by sorting among existing, randomly produced variations

Question 5

HIV has become an important source of mortality for humans. If AIDS persists as a major factor for humans for many generations in the future, natural selection theory predicts that _____.

Accepted Answer

any heritable traits that help humans survive and reproduce in the presence of AIDS should become more frequent over time

Question 6

The evolution of populations due to chance is

Accepted Answer

genetic drift.

Question 7

If color is an inherited trait in beetles, and birds are more likely to eat brown beetles than green beetles,

Accepted Answer

the frequency of the green allele will increase.

Question 8

In a population with brown and green alleles for color, genetic drift

Accepted Answer

has more effect on the evolution of a small population.

Question 9

Color is an inherited trait in beetles. If brown beetles move into a population from a nearby island, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow causes the frequency of the brown allele to increase.

Question 10

Remember that color is an inherited trait in beetles. Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Green beetles leave more offspring than brown beetles because they are better at finding food.

Question 11

A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are individuals with other characteristics is called _____.

Accepted Answer

natural selection

Question 12

Which of the following is the study of the geographic distribution of species on Earth?

Accepted Answer

biogeography

Question 13

Which one of the following was an assumption of Charles Darwin\'s theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Populations produce more offspring than their environment can support

Question 14

The population of American bison used to number in the millions of animals. Hunting and other problems greatly decreased the number of bison to about 1,000 animals. But today, the numbers are recovering to estimates of more than 200,000 animals. This crash in the population of bison and recent recovery is a good example of _____.

Accepted Answer

the bottleneck effect

Question 15

Imagine that a new population of humans is established on a new planet from ten randomly selected people in your biology class. Over thousands of years, the descendants of those ten people reproduce and prosper, but do not reflect well the diversity of humans on Earth. This change in the diversity of people on the new planet is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

the founder effect

Question 16

The title of Darwin\'s book in which he presented evidence that each living species descended from a succession of ancestral species is __________.

Accepted Answer

The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.

Question 17

What do we call scientists who study fossils?

Accepted Answer

paleontologists

Question 18

There is a group of small fish living in a lake with a sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. These fish are normally prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance. Which of these statements presents the most accurate prediction?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of natural selection that has been seen in our lifetime?

Accepted Answer

the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Question 20

Evolutionary biologists studying the evolution of lizard horn length found __________.

Accepted Answer

that lizard horn length evolved as a defense mechanism against predators

Question 21

According to current evolutionary theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Populations are the units of evolution

Question 22

Which of the following events could NOT be caused by a population bottleneck?

Accepted Answer

Increased population size

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the amoeba population described at the end of the tutorial is true?

Accepted Answer

It is more vulnerable to extinction due to lack of genetic variation.

Question 24

True or False. In the example described in the tutorial, the red amoebas survived the catastrophic event, and all future generations of amoebas were red because the red amoebas had a higher reproductive rate than the blue ones.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 25

In a species of snail, dark-shelled individuals are better hidden from bird predators in the shady forest, while light-shelled individuals are better hidden in well-lit brushy edge areas. If there were no areas of intermediate brightness in this habitat, which type of selection would act on shell color in these snails?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 26

Small lizards have difficulty defending their territory, but large lizards are more likely to be preyed upon by owls. Which type of selection would act on body size in these lizards under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Question 27

In evolutionary terms, an organism\'s Darwinian fitness is measured by its __________.

Accepted Answer

contribution to the gene pool of the next generation

Question 28

The wing of a bat is homologous to the _____ of a whale.

Accepted Answer

flipper

Question 29

Which of these individuals is a homozygous genotype?

Accepted Answer

AA

Question 30

All the genes in a population are that population\'s _____.

Accepted Answer

gene pool

Question 31

Genetic drift is a process based on _____.

Accepted Answer

the role of chance

Question 32

A mutation occurs when _____.

Accepted Answer

there is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Question 33

Every few years a giant axe chops off the head of every person who is over 6 feet tall. How will this affect the human population?

Accepted Answer

Alleles that promote \"tallness\" will decrease in frequency.

Question 34

Modern travel along with migration reduces the probability of _____ having an effect on the evolution of humans.

Accepted Answer

genetic drift

Question 35

Homologous pairs of chromosomes are lined up independently of other such pairs during _____.

Accepted Answer

metaphase I

Question 36

Crossing over, resulting in an increase in genetic variation, occurs between _____.

Accepted Answer

nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 37

In human gamete production there is an average of _____ crossover events per chromosome pair

Accepted Answer

2-3

Question 38

Click on the diagram to start the animation. Which of these gametes contain one or more recombinant chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

B, C, F, and G

Question 39

Click on the diagram to start the animation. This animation illustrates _____ as it occurs during _____.

Accepted Answer

crossing over ... prophase I

Question 40

What process is illustrated by this animation?

Accepted Answer

natural selection

Question 41

Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is _____.

Accepted Answer

microevolution

Question 42

Where are the Solomon Islands located?

Accepted Answer

in the South Pacific

Question 43

Scientists studying evolution on the Solomon Islands described which animal as the \'poster child\' for the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

white-eye bird

Question 44

Based on the video, what can you infer about speciation--the process by which one species splits into two or more species?

Accepted Answer

Physical separation of populations is often part of the speciation process

Question 45

Why did the biologists consider a frog that they found to be a new species?

Accepted Answer

genetics

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