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Rachel Carson's book, Silent Spring, deals with the

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environmental effects of pesticides

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In many dense forests, plants living near the ground level engage in intense competition for

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sunlight

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Which of the following environmental factors usually has the greatest direct effect on an organism's rate of water loss by evaporation?

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wind

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The reason that the pronghorn antelope is not found outside North America is most likely that

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it has never dispersed beyond this region

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In terms of global air circulation, the tropics are a region where air

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rises and cools, dropping rain

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The greatest annual input and least season variation in solar radiation occurs in the

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tropics

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If you travel from west to east through Ecuador, you will pass through tundra, taiga, temperate forest, and tropical forest. Which of the following climatic factors remains constant on such a trip?

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day length

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Most of the world's deserts are located at latitudes where

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cold, dry air moving toward the poles descends

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When people speak of the "rain shadow" of the California Coast Range, they are referring to the

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scarcity of rain on the eastern flank and adjacent lowlands compared to the western flank

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A sperm whale in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is in which oceanic zone?

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pelagic

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Which ocean zone describes the interface between ocean and land?

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intertidal

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Fresh water and seawater mix in a(n)

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estuary

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Why is the runoff from fertilized agricultural field, even if free of pesticides, often harmful to the ecosystems of temperate lakes?

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The runoff causes heavy algae growth, which eventually die and decompose, causing oxygen depletion

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Which of the following statements about biomes, the major terrestrial ecosystems covering the Earth is true?

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Fire is very important in some biomes

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Which of the following statements about tropical forests is true?

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The forest structure consists of distinct layers that provide many different habitats

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The dominant herbivores in savannas are

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insects

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Which of the following options correctly pairs a biome and its characteristics?

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tundra=very cold winters; only the upper layer of the soil thaws during the summer

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Which of the following statements about deserts and the organisms that live there is true?

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Many desert animals are nocturnal

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Which of the following is characteristic of the chapparal biome?

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many plants and seeds that need fire to germinate

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The factor(s) that help to perpetuate temperate grasslands, such as the American prairies, and prevent them from becoming woodlands include

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periodic drought and fires

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Which of the following statements about temperate broadleaf forests is true?

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Oak, hickory, birch, beech, and maple are common trees in temperate broadleaf forests

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Which of the following statements about coniferous forests is true?

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Coniferous forests may experience considerable precipitation, but usually in the form of snow

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Which of the following tundra features would be found at the top of the Andes mountains in Ecuador?

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fierce winds and frigid nights

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Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for the character of arctic tundra soils?

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permafrost

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Living things that live in the polar ice biome include

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mosses, lichens, seals, and polar bears

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Which of the following has the greatest impact on the global water cycle?

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human destruction of forests

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Answers to questions about the immediate mechanisms for a behavior are called

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proximate causes

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The evolutionary explanations for behavior are called the

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ultimate causes

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When a nipple is placed in a newborn baby's mouth, the infant will immediately begin to suckle. This is an example of

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innate behavior

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Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?

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the way a graylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest

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When building a nest, a female Fisher's lovebird cuts long strips of vegetation and carries them to the nest one at a time in her beak. The female peach-faced lovebird cuts short strips and carries them to the nest tucked under her back feathers. Hybrid female offspring cut immediate-sized strips and attempt to tuck them under back feathers before carrying them in their beak. What does this demonstrate about behavior?

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There is a genetic basis to behavior

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Cross-fostering experiments with Norway rat pups showed that in their response to stress

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environment was the critical factor, not genetics

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The modification of behavior based upon specific experiences defines

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learning

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When you successfully study with the stereo on the background, you are demonstrating

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habituation

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Which of the following behaviors would be unlikely to involve imprinting?

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A migrating mother gazelle leaves her calf hidden in grass while she feeds and always returns to the correct patch of grass

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A grayling butterfly will normally fly toward the sun. This is an example of

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taxis

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The most extensive study of cognitive maps has involved animals that

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migrate

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Squirrels on a bird feeder seem to be able to figure our how to steal seeds no matter what people do to prevent it. Yesterday, Jeremy hung out a new bird feeder design, and sure enough, by the end of the day squirrels found a way to get to the seeds. The squirrels most likely figured out how to get the seeds through

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trial-and-error learning

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A big difference between social learning and imprinting is that

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social learning is not limited to a sensitive period

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You lose track of your friend in a store and start looking for her. Which of the following things that you could do represents the use of a search image?

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You think about what color clothing she wore and look for that color

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An insectivorous bird has the choice of eating (1) meadow beetles, which are abundant and large but expose the bird to hawk predation; (2) under-a-rock beetles, which are large and fatty but hard to obtain; and (3) under-a-leaf beetles, which are easy to obtain but small. The bird has nestlings to feed. As an optimal forager, it will

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eat all three kinds of beetles, balancing the energy spent and the risks incurred against the energy gained

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The sending of, reception of, and response to signals constitute animal

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communication

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Organisms that are nocturnal are more likely to communicate using

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smell and sound

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Based on von Frisch's work on honeybee communication, which of the following types of information will be communicated to other workers by a honeybee's "dance" ?

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The direction of the nectar source

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Which of the following is communicated by courtship displays?

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The individuals are of the same species and of the opposite sex

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The need for intense parental care of offspring favors mating systems that are

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monogamous

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Endocrine disruptors on reproductive behavior affect behavior by

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mimicking a hormone or enhancing hormone activity

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Territories are typically used for activities such as

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feeding, mating, and rearing young

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Agnostic behavior

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is typically used to determine access to food, mates, or territories

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Pecking order in chickens is an example of

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dominance hierarchy

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Which of the following situations could represent kin selection in action?

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You help your brother pay for his children's college tuition, even though he may not be able to pay you back

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From a sociobiological perspective, altruism is a behavior that

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has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time

Bio Ch. 34 , 35 – Flashcards

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