question

NOT a goal of biotechnology

answer

creating humans with higher intelligence levels

question

biotechnology

answer

the term for manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance via recombinant DNA technology

question

NOT a use for biotechnology

answer

Altering the intelligence levels of newborn infants

question

history of biotechnology spans

answer

at least 10,000 years

question

Recombinant DNA

answer

results from inserting foreign DNA into an organism to produce a new gene combination

question

transgenic

answer

An organism that contains foreign DNA, which was inserted into its own genetic material

question

polymorphic

answer

does not contain altered genes

question

earliest example of biotechnology

answer

use of selective breeding to provide better, more nutritious food

question

plasmids

answer

-small, accessory chromosomes found in bacteria that are useful in recombinant DNA procedures -small, replicating rings of DNA found in bacteria. -used to insert foreign DNA into bacteria

question

bird flu viruses & human flu viruses

answer

caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in 20th century

question

NOT an example of genetic recombination between different species in nature

answer

sexual reproduction

question

Recombinant DNA technology

answer

involves combining existing genes from different organisms

question

DNA from different bacteria may be combined using all of the following

answer

-transformation -plasmids -viruses -NOT cloning

question

NOT a natural means of DNA recombination

answer

polymerase chain reaction

question

gel electrophoresis

answer

DNA fragments created by restriction enzyme action are separated from one another by it

question

PCR essential for:

answer

making many copies of a small amount of DNA

question

How many copies of a gene of interest are produced from one template DNA strand after three cycles of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

answer

EIGHT

question

correct sequence of PCR

answer

heat to 90 c (to separate DNA), cool to 50 c (to bind primers), reheat to 70 c (to synthesize DNA)

question

DNA moves within an electric field bc it is:

answer

negatively charged

question

PCR does NOT enable scientists to:

answer

sequence the bases within a gene as it is being copied

question

STR (single tandem repeats)

answer

-Modern forensic biotechnology labs analyze these (such as D16) to determine the number of specific genetic repeats in the samples -used by US Department of Justice as form of fingerprinting

question

DNA probes

answer

specific fragments of DNA on a gel can be visualized

question

If the DNA fingerprint of a suspect does not match a blood sample from a crime scene, what can you conclude?

answer

The blood sample had to come from another person, but the suspect may still have been there.

question

phosphate groups

answer

makes DNA have a negative charge

question

amplifies a certain region of DNA

answer

PCR

question

how does DNA move during gel electrophoresis?

answer

smaller pieces of DNA move faster toward positive electrode

question

"DNA replication in a tube"

answer

PCR

question

restriction enzymes

answer

cut genes in recombinant DNA research

question

transfecting

answer

inserting the gene of interest into the host organism

question

Which pair of enzymes is necessary to make recombinant DNA?

answer

restriction enzymes & DNA ligase

question

In order to join a fragment of human DNA to bacterial or yeast DNA, both the human DNA and the bacterial or yeast DNA must first be treated with the same:

answer

restriction enzyme

question

Restriction enzymes are useful in recombinant DNA studies because they

answer

cut DNA only at specific locations

question

restriction enzymes produce:

answer

single-stranded DNA fragments with "sticky ends"

question

what is the advantage to farmers using an insect-resistant crop plant?

answer

less pesticide use & better crop yield

question

Suppose ENZ-1 and ENZ-2 are two different restriction enzymes. If various pieces of DNA from different species are cut with these enzymes (as follows), which would most easily form recombinant molecules?

answer

Human DNA cut with ENZ-2 and gorilla cut with ENZ-2

question

If you cut out a gene using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI, what enzyme(s) will you need to insert the gene into another chromosome?

answer

BOTH EcoRI and BamHI

question

more than 85% of ______ grown were transgenic

answer

corn, cotton, soybeans

question

Which of the following applications of biotechnology results in an insect-resistant plant

answer

Bt toxin production by soybeans

question

NOT a benefit of sequencing the human genome

answer

every genetic disorder is now curable

question

human genome contains ____ genes

answer

20,000-25,000

question

sequencing genes of humans is important bc:

answer

knowing the nucleotide sequence of human genes will aid in treatment of diseases

question

has NOT been produced by inserting human genes into bacteria

answer

cancer-cell killing hormones

question

what can be used to detect genetic disorders?

answer

restriction enzyme fragments & DNA probe arrays

question

If you want to develop a procedure for identifying a genetic disorder caused by 20 different alleles, what method would be most likely to be useful?

answer

arrays of DNA probes on filter paper

question

involves use of human genes

answer

insulin production by bacteria

question

why was successfully used to treat a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID

answer

gene therapy

question

controversy has arisen about using genetically engineered bovine growth hormone to increase milk yield in cattle. The lesson gained from this controversy is that

answer

the whole human society should decide proper uses of recombinant DNA technology

question

NOT a valid difference between traditional and modern forms of biotechnology

answer

modern forms are slower than traditional

question

Which of the following is a valid difference between traditional (selective breeding) and modern (genetic engineering) forms of biotechnology?

answer

Genetic engineering can use genes from unrelated species, whereas selective breeding must use genes from the same or very closely related individuals.

question

In the 1990s, researchers attempted to improve the balance of amino acids in soybean protein by inserting a gene from Brazil nuts. Which of the following is the best reason as to why the transgenic soybeans have never been grown commercially?

answer

Some people were allergic to the protein product of the Brazil nut gene

question

Which of the following is a valid scientific concern about the environment and transgenic crops?

answer

Pollen from transgenic crops could carry the recombinant genes to wild relatives, with unpredictable consequences.

question

prenatal diagnosis is NOT available for:

answer

AIDS

question

amniocentesis

answer

most commonly used in prenatal disorders in a human fetus

question

NOT a way scientists can transfect an organism

answer

infecting an organism w/ a virus carrying a new gene

question

DNA recombination occurs random & undirected

answer

TRUE

question

DNA recombination changes genetic makeup

answer

TRUE

question

sexual reproduction is example of DNA recombination

answer

TRUE

question

recombinant plasmid contains only human & bacterial DNA

answer

FALSE

question

PCR joins many small DNA molecules into long chain

answer

FALSE

question

individs within same species have same DNA fingerprint but individs from different species have different fingerprint

answer

FALSE

question

The discovery of the organism Thermus aquaticus was critical for the development of the technique of PCR

answer

TRUE

question

Restriction enzymes are "restricted" in the sense that they normally work on only bacterial DNA.

answer

FALSE

question

Ligase enzymes are used to covalently bind together pieces of DNA

answer

TRUE

question

Restriction enzymes have the ability to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

answer

TRUE

question

The DNA of humans and chimps differs by about 10%.

answer

FALSE

question

About 90% of the human genome contains the genes

answer

FALSE

question

There are potential risks in performing recombinant DNA research on humans and plants.

answer

TRUE

question

Stringent safety rules are not necessary for recombinant DNA research because it is a natural process that occurs in the absence of human intervention

answer

FALSE

Bio Ch 13 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards