BIO 181 CH10/11 – Flashcards
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IN BACTERIAL CELL DIVISION, THE CELL DIVIDES INTO TWO NEARLY EQUAL HALVES. THIS PROCESS IS REFERRED TO AS:
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BINARY FISSION
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THE DIVISION OF A BACTERIAL CELL OCCURS AS THE:
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NEW MEMBRANE AND THE CELL WALL MATERIALS BEGIN TO GROW AND FORM A SEPTUM.
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IF A CELL CONTAINED A MUTATION IN THE GENE THAT ENCODES FtsZ, WHAT PROCESS WOULD BE AFFECTED?
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SEPTATION
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THE ACCOMMODATION OF THE VERY LONG DNA STRANDS THAT ARE PART OF A CHROMOSOME INTO THE LIMITED SPACE OF THE NUCLEUS IS ACHIEVED BY COILING THE DNA AROUND BEADS OF HISTONES INTO REPEATING SUBUNITS. THESE DNA WRAPPED HISTONES ARE CALLED:
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NUCLEOSOMES
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EUKARYOTIC CHROMOSOMES ARE COMPOSED OF A COMPLEX OF 60% PROTEIN AND 40% DNA. THIS COMPLEX IS REFERRED TO AS:
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CHROMATIN
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HOW TIGHTLY DO YOU THINK REGIONS OF HETEROCHROMATIN ARE COMPACTED?
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VERY TIGHTLY
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A SCIENTIST WANTS TO STUDY HISTONES. HISTONES ARE:
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PROTEINS THAT DOUBLE STRANDED DNA MOLECULES WRAP AROUND IN EUKARYOTES.
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THE TWO COPIES OF EACH TYPE OF CHROMOSOME FOUND IN NORMAL SOMATIC (BODY) CELLS IN AN ORGANISM, THROUGHOUT THE CELL CYCLE, ARE CALLED:
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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
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BEFORE CELL DIVISION OF SOMATIC CELLS, EACH CHROMOSOME MUST BE REPLICATED. AFTER REPLICATION, THE RESULTING TWO PARTS OF EACH CHROMOSOME ARE HELD TOGETHER BY COHESIN AT THE CENTROMERE. THESE TWO PARTS ARE REFERRED TO AS:
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SISTER CHROMATIDS
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A CELL BIOLOGIST PRODUCES A KARYOTYPE OF MOUSE SOMATIC CELLS ARRESTED IN MITOSIS. SHE SEES 40 CHROMOSOMES, WHICH IS COMPLETELY NORMAL FOR MICE. BASED ON THIS INFO, WHAT IS THE HAPLOID NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES FOR MICE?
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20
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IF THERE ARE 32 SISTER CHROMATIDS IN A NORMAL SOMATIC CELL, WHAT IS THE HAPLOID NUMBER FOR THAT CELL?
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8
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A SOMATIC CELL FROM A CORN PLANT CONTAINS 20 CHROMOSOMES. HOW MANY SISTER CHROMATIDS WOULD THAT CELL CONTAIN DURING G2 OF THE CELL CYCLE?
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40
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THE STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE WHICH THE CYTOPLASM DIVIDES TO FORM TWO CELLS IS CALLED:
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CYTOKINESIS
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THIS STAGE OF THE CELL CYCLE IS CHARACTERIZED BY GROWTH AND IT CONTAINS A CHECKPOINT TO VERIFY THAT ALL OF THE DNA HAS BEEN REPLICATED PRIOR TO MITOSIS.
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G2
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THIS IS THE STAGE OF MITOSIS CHARACTERIZED BY THE ALIGNMENT OF THE CHROMOSOMES IN A RING ALONG THE INNER CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE CELL.
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METAPHASE
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DURING THIS STAGE OF MITOSIS, THE CHROMOSOMES BECOME ATTACHED TO THE SPINDLE AT THEIR KINETOCHORES.
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PROMETAPHASE
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YOU ARE CONDUCTINA A GENETIC SCREEN USING CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS EMBYROS TO ISOLATE MUTATIONS AFFECTING ANAPHASE. THERE YOU TO LOOK FOR EMBRYOSIN WHICH:
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THE CENTROSOMES DO NOT MOVE TOWARD THE POLES.
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IN A CELL TREATED WITH TAXOL AT WHAT STAGE OF MITOSIS WILL THE CELLS ARREST?
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PRIOR TO METAPHASE.
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WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT THAT ALL OF THE CHROMOSOMES ALIGN ON THE METAPHASE PLATE DURING METAPHASE?
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IF THEY CANNOT IT SUGGEST THAT THEY AREN'T PROPERLY ATTACHED TO THE SPINDLE MICROTUBULES AND THUS WONT SEPARATE PROPERLY DURING ANAPASE.
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_________ IS A PROCESS OF NUCLEAR DIVISION WHICH REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES PER CELL FROM 2 SETS TO 2 SET.
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MEIOSIS.
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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES PAIR ALONG THEIR LENGTH DURING PROPHASE 1 OF MEIOSIS. WHILE TWO HOMOLOUGES ARE PAIRED, GENETIC EXCHANGE MAY OCCUR BETWEEN THEM IN A PROCESS CALLED ___________.
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CROSSING OVER
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IF THERE WERE NO SUPPRESSION OF DNA REPLICATION BETWEEN MEIOTIC DIVIONS BUT CYTOKINESIS PROCEEDED NORMALLY, WHAT IS THE MOST LIKELY OUTCOME OF MEOSIS?
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4 DIPLOID CELLS
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DIPLOID ORGANISMS USE MEIOSIS TO PRODUCE HAPLOID CELLS. MEIOSIS CONSISTS OF HOW MANY ROUNDS OF NUCLEAR DIVISION?
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2
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THE ZYGOTE HAS
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TWO COPIES OF EACH CHROMOSOME.
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ALL ANIMAL CELLS ARE DIPLOID EXCEPT
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GAMETES
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PRODUCES NEW CELLS THAT ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL CELL?
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MITOSIS
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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS OCCURS FIRST DURING MEIOSIS?
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SYNAPSIS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES.
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CHROMOSOMES EXCHANGE GENETIC INFO BY
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CROSSING OVER
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THE SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX IS
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A NETWORK OF PROTEINS THAT HOLDS HOMOLOUES TOGETHER
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AT THE END OF MEIOSIS 2, EACH OF THE FOUR RESULTING CELLS CONTAINS
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ONE FULL SET OF CHROMOSOMES EACH WITH 1 MOLECULE OF DNA
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WHICH BEST EXPLAINS THE PROCESS OF MEISOSIS?
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THE CELLS THAT RESULT FROM MEIOSIS 1 ARE HAPLOID, AND EACH CHROMOSOME CONSISTS OF 2 CHROMATIDS.
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WHAT IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWS MEIOSIS 1?
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PROPHASE 2
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WHICH STRUCTURES INDICATE WHERE CROSSING OVER HAS OCCURRED?
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CHIASMATA
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YOU ARE STUDYING MEIOSIS IN AN ORGANISM WHERE 2N=24. HOW MANY CHROMOSOMES WILL EACH NUCLEUS HAVE AFTER MEIOSIS 2 IS COMPLETE?
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12
