BIO 140 CH 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Which of the following is the best definition of essential nutrients? a) Nutrients a person must consume to build muscle b) Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health c) Nutrients that should be taken as supplements d) Nutrients that are provided by animal foods only
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b) Nutrients a person must consume in the diet to maintain health
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With the exception of ______, all the classes of nutrients are involved in forming and maintaining the body's a) carbohydrates b) lipids c) vitamins
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c) vitamins
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Which of the following statements about fortified foods is false? a) Fortification of foods began to help eliminate nutrient deficiencies in the population. b) Milk with added vitamin D is an example of food fortification. c) Voluntary food fortification may increase the likelihood of consuming an excess of some nutrients. d) Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government.
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d) Voluntary fortification of foods is at the discretion of the federal government
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Some nutrient deficiencies occur quickly, whereas others take more time to develop. Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are listed in the order reflecting most quickly to least quickly? a) Dehydration, osteoporosis, scurvy b) Scurvy, dehydration, osteoporosis c) Osteoporosis, dehydration, scurvy d) Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis
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d) Dehydration, scurvy, osteoporosis
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Foods that have health-promoting and/or disease-preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions are called a) essential foods b) fortified foods c) functional foods d) phytochemicals
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c) functional foods
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Which would be best described as an emotional or psychologically-driven food choice? a) Eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work b) Eating corn on the cob when in season c) Eating ethnic foods you ate as a child d) Eating foods specific to religious practices
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a) Eating chocolate or ice cream after a bad day at work
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The top three causes of death in the US include stroke, cancer, and heart disease. All of the conditions are thought to be exacerbated by a) high intake of diet soda b) lack of sleep c) low intake of phytochemicals d) obesity
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c) low intake of phytochemicals
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All of the following are macronutrients except a) carbyhydrate b) lipids c) protein d) vitamins
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d) vitamins
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All of the following are examples of lipids except a) cholesterol b) saturated fat c) sugars d) unsaturated fat
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c) sugars
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The unit of measure that is used in nutrition science that expresses the amount of energy provided by a food is a(n) a) calorie b) nutrient c) nutrient-dense food
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a) calorie
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Which of the following statements about proteins is false? a) Dietary protein from animal sources better matches the amino acid needs of humans compared to dietary protein derived from plants sources. b) Proteins are composed of amino acids. c) Proteins are composed of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. d) Proteins differ based on the combinations of amino acids used in each type of protein.
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c) Proteins are composed of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.
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The three main functions of nutrients include all of the following EXCEPT a) contributing to the structure of our body. b) providing us with energy. c) regulating biological processes in the body. d) speeding up our metabolism.
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d) speeding up our metabolism.
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Substances found in plant foods that are not essential nutrients but may have health-promoting properties are a) amino acids b) dietary supplements c) phytochemicals d) zoochemicals
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c) phytochemicals
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Which of the following statements regarding phytochemicals is true? a) They are essential for life. b) They are always harmful to our health. c) They are found in plant foods. d) They contribute to the calories that we eat in our diet.
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c) They are found in plant foods.
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Ethan achieves his recommended intake of vegetables by eating a large baked potato everyday. Which principle is he not achieving? a) balance b) moderation c) nutrient density d) variety
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d) variety
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Which of the following statements illustrated the concept of variety? a) If you can eat some extra fries, take a long walk in the afternoon. b) Reduce your portions by using smaller bowls. c) Skip the seconds or split your restaurant meal with a friend. d) Try a new vegetable every week.
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d) Try a new vegetable every week.
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If you know you are going to order dessert at dinner tonight, which of these choices would illustrate the concept of balancing your choices? a) Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch b) Eating a big lunch as you will 'blow' your diet tonight anyway c) Skipping breakfast d) All of these illustrate balance
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a) Choosing a salad with fat-free salad dressing for lunch
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Which is NOT an example of moderation in your diet and lifestyle? a) Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like the best b) Eating dessert occasionally c) Balancing an extra dessert with extra exercise d) Sharing a restaurant entree or dessert with our dinner companion
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a) Going back for seconds on all dinner items, rather than just the item you like the best
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Which of the following represents the correct order of steps of the scientific method? a) Conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, make an observation b) Develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, make an observation, form a theory c) Form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, make an observation d) Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
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d) Make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, form a theory
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In nutrition, the scientific method is used to a) develop nutrient recommendations. b) learn about the role of nutrition in promoting health and preventing disease. c) understand the functions of nutrients. d) all of these choices.
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d) all of these choices
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The observations and hypotheses that arise from epidemiology can be tested using a) clinical trials b) control group design c) experimental group design d) the peer review process
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a) clinical trials
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______ are studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets. a) Animal studies b) Clinical trials c) Epidemiological studies d) Molecular biology studies
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b) Clinical trials
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For any nutrition study to provide reliable information , they must a) be interpreted accurately b) collect quantifiable data from the right experimental population c) use proper experimental controls d) All of these are essential.
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d) All of these are essential.
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In a scientific experiment, the group of participants used as a basis of comparison is the ______ group. a) control b) experimental c) placebo d) treatment
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a) control
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Which of the following is not a peer-reviewed journal? a) The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition b) The International Journal of Sport Nutrition c) The Journal of the American Dietetic Association d) Men's Health
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d) Men's Health
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All of the following statements are true regarding components of a nutrition study that provides reliable information except that a) data must be quantifiable. b) proper experimental controls should be used. c) personal testimonials are appropriate type of data to collect. d) the data must be interpreted accurately.
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c) personal testimonials are appropriate type of data to collect.
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After a nutrition experiment is completed, a report describing the project is read, analyzed, and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is published, they examine it to ensure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This process is called a) experimental consultation. b) experimental design. c) journal critique. d) peer review.
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d) peer review.
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When judging nutrition information, which is the least important factor? a) How many people authored the study report b) How the study was funded c) The design of the study d) What type of literature the study was published in
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a) How many people authored the study report
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A registered dietitian is a nutrition professional who a) has earned at least a bachelor degree in a nutrition-related field. b) has met national certification requirements to provide nutrition education. c) is an excellent source of credible nutrition information. d) a registered dietitian is all of these.
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d) a registered dietitian is all of these.
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Foods with a high nutrient density contain more nutrients per calorie than do foods with a lower nutrient density.
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True
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Phytochemicals are found in plant foods and are classified as an essential nutrient.
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False Phytochemicals are found in plant foods.
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The simplest functional foods are unmodified whole foods, such as broccoli, blueberries, and salmon.
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True
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Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are all organic compounds that can provide energy to the body
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True
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Water makes up about 60% of an adult's body weight.
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True
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Water, vitamins, and minerals do not provide energy
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True
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Over time, consuming excess or insufficient amounts of one or more nutrients will result in malnutrition.
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True
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Malnutrition is a condition resulting from an energy or nutrient intake either above or below that which is optimal.
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True
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Dehydration can cause symptoms in a matter of hours.
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True
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Your genetic makeup determines the impact a certain nutrient will have on you.
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True
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Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic variation and nutrition
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True
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Choosing a variety of foods is important because no single food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health.
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True
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A proposed explanation for an observation is called a theory.
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False A proposed explantation for an observation is called a hypothesis.
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Epidemiological studies are most beneficial when the researchers are looking for cause-and-effect relationships.
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True
