Billing and Inventory System Thesis Proposal Essay Example

of these services.

The proposed system is a fusion of a Billing and Inventory system aimed at enhancing efficiency and ease of work for staff members. The primary objective of the study is to create a computerized system that allows for timely task completion and minimizes human errors, including the potential threat of data theft, which could be harmful to the Rehabilitation Center.

The project has three primary objectives: 1) Creating a secure billing and inventory system, 2) Enhancing the speed of information recording to save time, and 3) Generating printable receipts. To accomplish these objectives, a theoretical framework will be utilized. This framework emphasizes specific variables and analyzes data within a defined conceptual framework. By using this approach, the researcher can interpret and understand the collected data, validate current theories, and develop knowledge based on established concepts and variables.

Records management involves multiple managerial activities such as planning, controlling, directing, organizing, training, promoting, and more. These activities focus on creating, maintaining, using, and disposing of records to ensure proper documentation of government policies and transactions. They also aim to enhance agency operations in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. One aspect of this system includes collecting payment from patients and adjusting their account balances through debits and credits.

The patient is provided with payment receipts, and the inventory system is regularly updated whenever an item is taken. This ensures that the availability for the next day or week can be tracked. The Inventory System allows for updating inventory information of all items, monitoring depletion of inventory, and importing/exporting inventory data from/to external systems. Moreover, the computer manages patient records, check-ins/check-outs, day sheet generation, deposit slip creation, as well as

insurance billings.

All the information that drives your practice is effortlessly organized and accessible with a simple keystroke, providing you with immediate access to everything you need. As stated in the study, the system's advantages extend beyond intangible benefits, as it significantly improves the efficiency and speed of your office operations. Additionally, it streamlines the collections process by autonomously identifying delinquent accounts. A major concern lies in effectively monitoring the movement of every patient within Local Community Hospitals and tracking their corresponding bills (Ong, Orido ; Santibanes, 2005).

The study "Automated Centralized Billing System for Morong Doctor's Local Community Hospitals" found that implementing automated billing systems can reduce patient waiting times by 7 to 21 days. In addition, these systems automatically register patients upon admission to the Local Community Hospitals. The use of electronic records enhances patient care by ensuring that accurate information such as medication details can easily be accessed. The study concludes that regardless of economic conditions, people will continue to require medical treatment (Automated Centralized Billing System for Morong Doctor's Local Community Hospitals, 2003).

From the study, "Jose P. Reyes Medical Center Billing System", Local Community Hospitals is an essential institution in response to an environmental need. In India, the Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre is one of the corporate Local Community Hospitals that eagerly adopted a computerized system for generating patient bills. This comprehensive automation is designed to improve efficiency and provide users with the necessary data for processing.

According to Del Moro, Manio & Pranada (March 2005), it is essential for a Local Community Hospitals billing system to correctly identify the financial information of each patient. To achieve this, an information system

that connects a physician's office with the Local Community Hospitals can collect and store data from both locations. This system also allows for the retrieval of diagnostic information from satellite sites. Additionally, the system can gather real-time data from a remote monitor or an inbound Emergency transport vehicle (Computer Information Systems Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University, 2002).

According to the Peer-Based Recovery Strategy for Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP) study, Multicasting is the transmission of data to a subset of hosts. It is a technology that conserves bandwidth by simultaneously sending a single stream of packets to multiple hosts. Multicasting technology can be beneficial for applications such as video conferencing, software upgrade distribution, whiteboards, and distributed interactive simulations.

Multicasting is becoming more popular and important due to the growing need for collaborative applications and new ways to distribute media on the Internet. Unicasting and Broadcasting, which are more commonly known, can be seen as specific examples of Multicasting1. Multicasting introduces services that cannot be achieved through unicast transmission, as unicast requires a higher bandwidth compared to multicasting. The primary advantages of multicast are the reduction in network traffic and resource usage.

Under the guidance of David Cheriton, Dee Ring collaborated on the creation of Vsystem, a distributed operating system. This operating system enables a computer to send messages to a group of other computers on the local Ethernet segment by utilizing MAC Layer 2 multicast addressing (Lu, 2003). According to a research conducted by the Mapua Institute of Technology titled "User Interface Generation for Smartphones," designing and developing applications for mobile and non desktop devices using conventional methods often demands significant effort to adapt

to the limitations of these devices.

A significant obstacle is finding a means to produce interfaces, crucial to mobile devices such as smartphones and typically comprising the majority of a mobile application, while simultaneously minimizing the application's size. This would enable the device to allocate the excess space for other activities. To address this issue, Abanacay (2008) designed a novel approach for the next generation of technology. The aforementioned insights were derived from a thesis dissertation entitled "An Enhanced Lecture Viewer for eLearning" from Ateneo De Manila University. Presently, most distance education systems provide students with a limited lecture experience.

In this paper, we present the Enhanced Viewer Experience System (EVES), which is a tool designed for distance education. EVES aims to enhance students' learning experience by offering various synchronized time-indexed information streams. These streams, including slide sequences, topic indices, transcripts, snapshots, and notes, are provided alongside the lecture video. Throughout the playback of the lecture video, these time-indexed streams move simultaneously with it. Moreover, they are all synchronized with one another. Therefore, when a user clicks on any of the time indexed items, the video and all other streams will jump to the corresponding time in the lecture.

By giving eLearning students access to multiple time-indexed streams, we aim to enhance their learning experience and improve their retention of information (Mate, Velasquez ; Sarmenta, 2005). According to the study "Bayanihan Computing. NET," Bayanihan Computing. NET is a versatile framework for volunteer computing that enables users to harness the computational power of networked computers for faster execution of complex calculations compared to a single computer or even a supercomputer. Bayanihan Computing.

The BayanihanComputing.NET system revolutionizes programming by providing the

convenience, flexibility, and power of Microsoft's .NET technologies and tools. It also introduces the concept of "computation web services" through XML web services, enabling programmers to easily harness the capabilities of volunteer computing networks in their .NET programs. What sets BayanihanComputing.NET apart is its unprecedented availability of supercomputing power across any device and location (Chua, Echevarria, Mendoza, Santos & Tan, 2001).

The Ateneo de Manila University is initiating a thesis about networking, specifically centering on the development of a UTC-Synchronized University Network Time Service. The primary objective is to implement a protocol that can synchronize multiple clients' clocks by reading and transmitting the server clock's reading. Furthermore, this protocol will have the capability to adjust each client's clock accordingly. Currently, there are two existing protocols that can accomplish this: the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the Digital Time Synchronization Protocol (DTSS). These protocols have accuracies of approximately one millisecond in local area networks (LANs) and up to a few tens of milliseconds in wide area networks (WANs), relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is obtained through a GPS receiver.

Typical NTP configurations utilize multiple redundant servers and diverse network paths to achieve high accuracy and reliability. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronizes the time of a computer client or server, or other network devices and appliances, to another server or reference time source, such as a radio, satellite receiver, or modem. It provides accuracies within a millisecond on LANs and up to a few tens of milliseconds on WANs relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (Yu ; Doroja, 2002). An information system linking a physician's office and their Local Community Hospitals can capture and store data

from either location, providing access to diagnostics from satellite locations. Additional functionality may include real-time data gathering from a remote monitor or an inbound Emergency transport vehicle (Computer Information Systems Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University, 2002).

According to the study "Peer-Based Recovery Strategy for Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)," multicasting is the transmission of data to a subset of hosts. Multicasting is a bandwidth-conserving technology that reduces traffic by simultaneously sending a single stream of packets to multiple hosts. Applications such as video conferencing, software upgrade distribution, whiteboards, and distributed interactive simulations can benefit from this multicasting technology.

Multicasting is becoming more popular as there is a growing need for group collaboration applications and alternative ways of distributing media on the Internet. Unicasting and Broadcasting can be viewed as specific instances of Multicasting. Multicasting enables the provision of services that are not feasible with unicast transmission due to its requirement for greater bandwidth. The primary advantages of multicasting are the reduction of network traffic and resource utilization.

Under David Cheriton's guidance, Dee ring collaborated on Vsystem, a distributed operating system. This OS enables computers to send messages to a group of other computers via MAC Layer 2 multicast addressing on the local Ethernet segment (Lu, 2003). According to a study by the Mapua Institute of Technology titled "User Interface Generation for Smartphones," developing applications for mobile and non-desktop devices using conventional methods often demands significant development effort to accommodate the limitations of these devices.

A significant difficulty lies in developing interfaces, which are typically the largest component of a mobile application and crucial for mobile devices such as smart phones, while also reducing the overall

application size. This would enable the device to allocate the saved space for other operations. Consequently, the author of this research has devised a fresh method for the latest technology (Abanacay, 2008). The quoted passage is sourced from a thesis titled "An Enhanced Lecture Viewer for eLearning" from Ateneo De Manila University. Presently, most distance education systems offer students a restricted lecture experience.

The Enhanced Viewer Experience System (EVES) is a distance education tool that enhances students' learning experience by providing various synchronized time-indexed information streams. These streams include slide sequences, topic indices, transcripts, snapshots, and notes, all presented alongside the lecture video. These time-indexed streams are synchronized with each other and the video, allowing users to easily navigate to specific points in the lecture by clicking on any time indexed item.

By enabling access to multiple time-indexed streams, our goal is to enhance the learning experience and improve information retention for eLearning students (Mate, Velasquez & Sarmenta, 2005). According to the study "BayanihanComputing. NET," Bayanihan Computing. NET is a versatile framework for volunteer computing that enables quick and easy utilization of networked computers for performing complex calculations at a speed surpassing that of a single computer or even a supercomputer.

Bayanihan Computing. NET is a groundbreaking system that enables programmers to create volunteer computing applications using Microsoft's .NET technologies and tools. This innovative system also leverages XML web services to provide "computation web services," simplifying the process for programmers to access the power of volunteer computing networks through method calls in their .NET programs. A standout feature offered by BayanihanComputing.NET is its ability to deliver supercomputing power that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, and on any

device (Chua, Echevarria, Mendoza, Santos & Tan, 2001).

The Ateneo de Manila University has initiated a networking thesis titled "Developing a UTC-Synchronized University Network Time Service." The objective of this thesis is to create a protocol for network clock synchronization involving retrieving the server clock reading, transmitting it to one or more clients, and adjusting each client's clock accordingly. Protocols such as the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the Digital Time Synchronization Protocol (DTSS) are employed for achieving this purpose.

These protocols enable accurate and reliable time synchronization, achieving accuracies within milliseconds on LANs and up to a few tens of milliseconds on WANs compared to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) acquired via a GPS receiver. NTP configurations frequently include redundant servers and diverse network paths for enhanced accuracy. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is specifically engineered to synchronize the time of computer clients, servers, and other network devices and appliances with a reference time source like a radio or satellite receiver or modem.

According to Yu & Doroja (2002), it is known for its high accuracy, typically within a millisecond on LANs and up to a few tens of milliseconds on WANs compared to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). An information system that connects a physician's office with Local Community Hospitals allows for capturing and storing data from both locations, providing access to diagnostics from satellite locations. Additional features may include the ability to collect real-time data from a remote monitor or an inbound Emergency transport vehicle (Computer Information Systems Program College of Business Florida Gulf Coast University, 2002).

According to the study titled "Peer-Based Recovery Strategy for Reliable Multicast Transport Protocol (RMTP)," multicasting refers to the transmission of data

to a subset of hosts. It is an efficient technology that reduces bandwidth usage by sending a single stream of packets to multiple hosts simultaneously. Multicasting can be beneficial for various applications such as video conferencing, software upgrade distribution, whiteboards, and distributed interactive simulations.

Multicasting is gaining interest and attention due to the growing demand for group collaboration applications and new paths for media distribution on the Internet. Unicasting and Broadcasting can be seen as specific instances of Multicasting1. Multicasting introduces new services that are not feasible in unicast transmission, as unicast requires more bandwidth than multicasting. The primary advantages of multicasting are reducing network traffic and resource utilization.

Under David Cheriton's guidance, Dee Ring collaborated on the creation of Vsystem, a distributed operating system. Vsystem enables a computer to send messages to multiple computers on the local Ethernet segment using MAC Layer 2 multicast addressing (Lu, 2003). According to a research study titled "User Interface Generation for Smartphones" conducted by the Mapua Institute of Technology, developing applications for mobile and non-desktop devices using conventional methods often necessitates significant development effort to accommodate the limitations of these devices.

A significant obstacle is to develop interfaces for mobile applications that are essential to devices like smartphones but take up a large part of the application, thus reducing the application size. This would free up space on the device for other processes. In a study by Abanacay (2008) titled "An Enhanced Lecture Viewer for eLearning", a new approach for the next generation of technology has been designed. Most distance education systems currently offer students a limited lecture experience.

In this paper, we introduce the Enhanced Viewer Experience System (EVES), a

tool for distance education. EVES enhances students' learning experience by allowing the creation and playback of multiple synchronized time-indexed information streams. These streams include slide sequences, topic indices, transcripts, snapshots, and notes, all displayed alongside the lecture video. The time-indexed streams move in sync with the video and are also synchronized with each other. By clicking on any time indexed item, the video and all other streams will jump to that corresponding time in the lecture.

By providing access to multiple time-indexed streams, our goal is to improve the experience of eLearning students and enhance their learning and information retention (Mate, Velasquez, ; Sarmenta, 2005). According to the study "BayanihanComputing. NET," Bayanihan Computing. NET is a generic framework for volunteer computing that enables users to harness the computing power of networked computers to perform complex calculations more efficiently than a single computer or supercomputer. Bayanihan Computing.

BayanihanComputing.NET is a groundbreaking system that enables programmers to create their own volunteer computing applications using Microsoft's .NET technologies and tools. It is also the first system to utilize XML web services, which provide "computation web services" that allow programmers to easily leverage the power of volunteer computing networks through simple method calls in their .NET programs (Chua, Echevarria, Mendoza, Santos & Tan, 2001). What sets BayanihanComputing.NET apart is its ability to provide supercomputing capabilities that can be accessed anytime, anywhere, and on any device.

Researchers at Ateneo de Manila University are currently working on a thesis project to develop a UTC-Synchronized University Network Time Service in the field of networking. The main aim is to establish a protocol that can synchronize network clocks by obtaining time from a server clock,

transmitting it to one or more clients, and adjusting their clocks accordingly. Two commonly used protocols for achieving this goal are the Network Time Protocol (NTP) and the Digital Time Synchronization Protocol (DTSS). These protocols offer different levels of accuracy, ranging from milliseconds on local area networks (LANs) to tens of milliseconds on wide area networks (WANs), all relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) obtained through a GPS receiver.

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is utilized to synchronize the time of a computer client, server, or other network devices and appliances with another server or reference time source. This ensures accuracy and reliability through redundant servers and diverse network paths. NTP achieves accuracies within a millisecond on LANs and up to a few tens of milliseconds on WANs in relation to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) (Yu & Doroja, 2002). HHS Secretary Louis W.

Sullivan, MD, has announced a collaboration with providers, insurers, and HHS to establish a nationwide computerized insurance billing system. The proposed system includes issuing a computer-encoded card to insured individuals, granting access to a national database containing their complete medical history and insurance coverage information. Sullivan aims to reduce bureaucratic obstacles in healthcare and estimates annual savings of approximately $8 billion from changes to the current billing system. However, he emphasizes that this new system does not solve all healthcare problems but is an important step forward. The announcement raises unresolved issues such as the absence of a set implementation deadline. Instead, Sullivan challenges participants to increase electronically filed claims by 10% each year. Additionally, there is no mention of program payer.

The new system is facing concerns about patient privacy and billing/accounting uniformity. Consumer

groups, who were not included in the summit, oppose the announcement and argue that it fails to address the issue of 34 million uninsured Americans. Advocates for national health insurance criticize the program, claiming that the savings are insignificant compared to what could be accomplished with a single-payer system.

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced that in FY91, the Federal budget deficit reached a record-high amounting to $268.7 billion, which accounted for 4.8 percent of the gross national product. This represented an increase from 4.1 percent in FY90. Despite year-end figures being lower than anticipated due to delays in closing failed financial institutions, it is expected that the deficit will continue to rise in upcoming years because of the bank and savings and loan crises. The projected deficit for FY92 stands at $348.3 billion.

In October 1991, following board approval during a meeting, the American Medical Record Association underwent a name change and became known as the American Health Information Management Association.

The spokesperson for the association said that the profession's growing focus on information management, particularly in relation to computerizing health records, is accurately represented by the new name. The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research has published findings from a comprehensive study on healthcare utilization and payment in America. This study includes extensive data obtained through household interviews as part of the National Medical Expenditure Survey carried out in 1987 and 1988. The survey offers information on various factors such as health insurance coverage, employment, age, income, among others. It is available in both report format and computer tape.

AHCPR conducted a survey for Congress to provide information on how Americans use and pay

for health services. For more information, contact the National Technical Information Service at (703) 487-4650. Despite criticisms from Congressional Democrats over President Bush's lack of a comprehensive healthcare reform proposal, consensus has not been reached within their own party on which solution to support. Senator Majority Leader George Mitchell (D-Maine) proposed S. 1227, known as the "play or pay" bill, which was expected to be reported out of the Labor and Human Resources Committee by November 4, 1991. However, action was delayed until Mitchell secures the support of Finance Committee Chairman Lloyd Bentsen (D-Tex.), who is hesitant to endorse employer mandates. The vote is now scheduled for January 22 when the Senate convenes for the second session of the 102nd Congress. Meanwhile, field hearings were conducted by Mitchell and his co-sponsors in Tampa, Fla.; Atlanta, Ga.; Detroit Mich.; Cleveland Ohio; and Denver Colo., to examine challenges faced by American families unable to purchase health insurance policies. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), admissions to medical schools increased in 1991.In the specified year, there was a notable rise in the enrollment of new students, resulting in the largest entering class since 1985. The total number of enrolled students increased from 15k998 in 1990 to 16k205. Additionally, after a decade-long decrease, the number of medical school applications has seen three consecutive years of growth. According to the AAMC, there were 33,301 applicants from 126 accredited medical schools nationwide compared to 29,243 applicants in 1990.

According to a report by DIONYSIOS LOGARAS, the overall increase in medical school applicants is partially due to a 26 percent increase in Asian-Pacific Islanders applying. Additionally, there has been an

almost 14 percent increase in applicants from minority groups underrepresented in medicine in 1991. Women also continue to make gains, accounting for 41 percent of the current applicant pool. The report aims to evaluate the importance of collecting site-specific data for First Tier suppliers in Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) studies, as compared to using data from an LCI database. It also identifies other highly polluting life-cycle stages where site-specific data should be collected. The report analyzes data collection strategies and provides recommendations for future Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in SKF. The case study focuses on a specific bearing product manufactured at one of SKF's factories. It specifically examines the suppliers of SKF that directly provide products to SKF’s manufacturing facility, known as First Tier suppliers.

Only the main local First Tier suppliers were included in the data collection process due to time and data quality limitations. A specific data collection form was developed for this purpose, which gathered information on raw materials, energy inputs, waste, and emissions. The collected data was then compared to the LCI data from a database to determine any qualitative and quantitative differences. To conduct this analysis, two simplified LCI models were created using the GaBi LCA software program.

The first model focuses on site-specific data for the processes of First Tier suppliers, while the second model uses LCI data from GaBi's database. A detailed dominance analysis is then conducted to identify the significant life-cycle stages that have a major environmental impact on bearing production. Both sets of results are interpreted by comparing the LCI results. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of the data collection strategy are evaluated by comparing them to

ISO standard guidelines, other LCA studies, and personal reflections.

This report highlights that the LCI results for the total environmental load produced by the production of the bearing are significantly influenced by the two different data sources: site-specific data and GaBi data. The differences between these two models can vary up to 30%. These variations mainly stem from the quality and availability of inventory data in the utilized database. Among all components of the bearing's technical system, the steel production, particularly the steel billet used for making steel bars, and serving as the raw material for rings, carries the most significant environmental impact.

The data collection strategy used in this study was efficient, reliable, and transparent. It successfully collected the most important data for the First Tier suppliers, and any data gaps that existed had minimal impact on the study's results. For future LCA studies at SKF, it is recommended to prioritize the collection of LCI data for processes that significantly influence the product's life cycle. However, caution should be exercised when using database data for products that have little impact on the environmental performance of the technical system under investigation.

The data collection strategy for the targeted companies should be based on a data questionnaire and good preparation for site visits. The system includes features such as record management, billing, and inventory. Within the record management feature, the system can handle patient data including personal, dental, and medical records. Users have the ability to create, edit, save, and delete new records while also being able to print them. Password authentication is required for security purposes when deleting or editing a record. Billing features allow users to print

patient receipts, view payment history and remaining balance, as well as access patient bills. However, details about the inventory aspect are not provided in the given text.