Bates Ch. 6 Skin Hair Nails – Flashcards
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What are the appendages of skin
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Hair Nails Sebaceous and sweat glands
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Common Concerning symptoms affecting hair, skin, nails
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hair loss rash growths
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what is the most common cancer in US affecting 1/5 people
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Skin cancer
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What type(s) of skin cancer are seen on the body in sun exposed areas ie head, neck and upper limbs
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Basal and squamous cell skin cancers
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What type(s) of skin cancer are seen on the body in nonexposed areas of the body ie trunk and thighs
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Melanomas
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Risk Factors for Melanomas
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History of prev melanoma Age over 50 Regular derm absent Mole changing Male
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What type of skin cancer accounts for 80% of all skin cancers
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Basal cell carcinoma
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What cancer has the classical appearance of pearly erythmatous translucent papules or subtle red macules+other morphs
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basal cell carcinoma
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What skin cancer grows slowly and usually doesn't metastasize
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basal cell carcinoma
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what skin cancer is made of immature cells of the basal layer of the epidermis
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basal cell carcinoma
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what skin cancer is made of mature cells like of the stratum spinosum of the epidermis
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squamous cell carcinoma
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What percentage of skin cancers does squamous cell carcinoma account for
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16%
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What skin cancer has the classical appearance of a crusted hyperkeratotic lesions with a rough surface OR flat reddish patches with ulcerated appearance
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squamous cell carcinoma
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What skin cancer accounts for 4-5% of all skin cancers
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melanoma
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What is potentially the most lethal skin cancer
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melanoma
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what is the most common cancer in young adults 25-29yoa
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melanoma
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What are screening guidelines for skin cancer by the US Preventative Services Task Force
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Does not recommend routine skin cancer screening due to insufficient evidence - but remain alert for skin lesions with malignant features
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What do the American Cancer Society and American Academy of Derm recommend?
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monthly self exams and regular exams for pts 50+/those with multiple melanomas/dysplastic nevus syndrome
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What is the name of the most commonly recommended screening measure
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total body skin examination
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What are the types of moles (nevi)
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junctional intradermal compound nevi
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What are the signs for early recognition of possible melanomas (ugly duckling sign)
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Asymmetry of one side of mole vs the other Borders that are irregular ragged notched blurred Color variation blue back white red mixing Diameter of >6mm or different from others Evolution or change in size,symptoms, morph
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What type of nevi are typically brown macules
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junctional nevi and compound nevi
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What type of nevi are typically skin colored papules
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intradermal nevi
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What useful office practice can help determine if a melnocytic lesion is benign or malignant
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dermoscopy
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What can you recommend to patients to decrease risk for skin cancers
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avoid excess sun exposure use umbrellas, sunglasses, hats Sunscreen SPF 15+
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What is the uniformly pigmented macule with an irregular border which is benign
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Cafe au lait spot
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what is a common superficial fungal infection causing hypo/hyperpigmented scaly macules on trunk, neck, upper arms (short sleeve distribution)
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Tinea versicolor
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What condition appears with depigmented macules on face, hands, feet, extensor surfaces and may be a hereditary condition
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Vitiligo
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What condition is characterized by yellowing of the sclera and the skin and can be caused by liver disease and RBC hemolysis
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Jaundice
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What condition is characterized by subtle yellowish palms, doesn't affect the sclera, and can be caused by diet high in yellow fruits and veggies
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carotenemia
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what condition is characterized with a red hue due to increased blood flow
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erythema
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What condition is characterized by violet patches over the eyelids commonly seen in ddermatomyositis
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heliotrope
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Which skin lesion presents with reddish oval ringworm-like papules covering the torso (Herald lesion)
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Pityriasis Rosea
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What skin lesion presents with silvery scaly papules on extensor surfaces such as elbows and knees
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psoriasis
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what skin lesion presents with tan flat scaly plaques on trunk, neck, upper arms
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tinea versicolor
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What skin lesion presents on flexor surfaces in the adult form
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atopic eczema
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What are the types of primary skin lesions which are flat, nonpalpable with changes in color
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macule - small flat spot 1cm
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what are the types of primary skin lesions which are palpable solid bumps
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plaques - elevated >1cm, coalescence of plaques papule - <1cm Nodule - knot like, deeper and firmer than papule Cyst - nodule filled with liquid/semisolid Wheal - irreg, transient, superficial localized skin edema
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what are the types of primary skin lesions which are palpable elevations filled with fluid
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Vesicles - serous fluid, 1cm Pustule - pus Burrow - raised tunnel on sides of fingers due to rabies
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what causes secondary skin lesions
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overtreatment, excess scratching, infection of primary lesions
