Barron’s AP Human Geography Culture Chapter 3 (Race, Ethnicity, Gender) – Flashcards
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Barrio
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spanish speaking neighborhoods in US cities ex) Spanish Harlem NYC
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cultural shatterbelt
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politically unstable region where differing cultural elements come into contact, and conflict ex) Palestine/Israel, Sudan/South Sudan
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dowry death
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dispute over the price to be paid by the family of the bride to the father of the groom- in some cases leads to murder of bride ex) mainly occurs in India
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ethnic cleansing
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attempt to remove all people of an ethnicity from a country/region through forced migration or genocide ex) Jewish Holocaust, Armenian Genocide
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ethnicity
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group of people who share a common identity ex) Indian, Persian, French
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plural society
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society composed of numerous ethnic groups ex) post colonial nations (Nigeria, Iraq)
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race
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a group of human beings distinguished by physical traits, genetic code patterns, characteristics. ex) White, Black, Asian, Latino
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segregation
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separation of people because of ethnic or racial differences. ex) separate water fountains for white and blacks 1950's
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enfranchisement
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admit to citizenship, gain rite to voting ex) immigrants passing the US citizenship test
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Gender
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social differences between men and women- not biological/anatomical differences ex) male/ female
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gender gap
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measurable differences between men and women ex) salary, opportunities
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longevity gap
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difference of average expected life spans between different groups of people, nations, races ex) 78 in US, 83 in Japan, 66 India
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Human Development Index
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UN created indicator of level of developmentfor each country ex) factors include income, education, literacy
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subjugation
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act of bringing something under your control ex) subjugation of women in sub-saharan Africa, men are payed for their work
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patriarchal
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society in which men hold power over economy, family, government. ex) India, Pakistan, Nepal
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matriarchal
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society where a female is the dominant figure in household, government, economy ex) Iceland, Akan tribe (DRC, CAR),
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ethnic conflict
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war between two or more ethnic groups - usually as a result of ethnic nationalism. ex) Palestine/Israel conflict
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ethnic enclave
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small area in a city/country where a particular ethnic group lives. ex) Little Italy, New York City
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ethnic group
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a group that shares cultural values, considers themselves united ex) French, Japanese
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ethnocentrism
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belief that one culture (most likely your own) is superior to all others ex) Nazis view that Aryans were the superior race of people
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ghetto
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overcrowded ethnic enclave in an urban area characterized by poverty and poor quality housing ex) Nazi-era Jewish ghettos in European cities
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ethnic neighborhood
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area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background ex) little Italy, Chinatown
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ethnic homeland
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area inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong attachment to the region, exercises political/social control ex) Israel and Jews
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ethnic landscape
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landscape affected and varied by the ethnic group living there ex) North End Boston- once historic is now home to a vibrant Italian community
