Bacteriology/Mycology – Flashcards
289 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 289question
| What is the term for the asymptomatic state of a disease, for example TB? |
answer
| Carrier State |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is necessary to see bacteria properly in light microscopy? |
answer
| Oil immersion |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Staphylococcus aureus Gr - or +? |
answer
| Gr + |
Unlock the answer
question
| In vet med, most cocci are _____. |
answer
| Gr + |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of S. aureus? |
answer
| Cocci in bunches |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Streptococci? |
answer
| Cocci in chains |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Pseudomonas? |
answer
| Rod |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of E. coli? |
answer
| Rod |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Campylobacter jejuni? |
answer
| Curved rod |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 3 examples of branching bacteria? |
answer
| Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophilus |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Leptospira? |
answer
| Spiral |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Borrelia? |
answer
| Spiral |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is an example of a cocco-bacillary bacteria? |
answer
| Pasturella |
Unlock the answer
question
| What shape is Corynebacterium? |
answer
| Pleiomorphic |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the shape of Mycoplasma? |
answer
| No particular shape |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a large, capsulated rod. |
answer
| Bacillus anthracis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the #1 bacteria used in biological warfare? |
answer
| Bacillus anthracis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria causes plague? |
answer
| Yersinia pestis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Francisella tularensis Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Streptococcus Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr+ |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is S. aureus penicillin R or S? |
answer
| R |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Streptococcus penicillin R or S? |
answer
| S |
Unlock the answer
question
| R |
answer
| Resistant |
Unlock the answer
question
| S |
answer
| Susceptible |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Pseudomonas Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is E. coli Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| Why can Pseudomonas sometimes be confused with E. coli? |
answer
| Both are Gr- rods |
Unlock the answer
question
| How can Pseudomonas be differentiated from E. coli? |
answer
| Pseudomonas is more uniform/E. coli is less uniform |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Campylobacter Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Actinomyces Gr + or -? |
answer
| + |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Nocardia Gr + or -? |
answer
| Gr+ |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Dermatophilus Gr+ or -? |
answer
| Gr+ |
Unlock the answer
question
| What skin disease-causing organism may appear like railroad track? |
answer
| Dermatophilus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Dermatophilus penicillin R or S? |
answer
| S |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Dermatophilus tetracycline R or S? |
answer
| S |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria causes Lyme disease in humans and dogs? |
answer
| Borrelia burgdorferi |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Lyme disease zoonotic? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria causes leptospirosis in humans & animals? |
answer
| Leptospira |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Leptospirosis zoonotic? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Pasturella Gr + or -? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes fowl cholera? |
answer
| Pasturella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Corynebacterium Gr + or -? |
answer
| Gr+ |
Unlock the answer
question
| What disease does Corynebacterium renale cause in cattle? |
answer
| Pyelonephritis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What Gr + pleiomorphic bacterium resembles Chinese characters? |
answer
| Corynebacterium |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Corynebacterium R or S to penicillin? |
answer
| 100% S |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Mycoplasma penicillin R or S? |
answer
| R |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does Mycoplasma have a cell wall? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What determines whether an organism is Gr + or -? |
answer
| Cell wall/Outer envelope |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is it called when only the ends of the cell stain well? |
answer
| Bipolar staining |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is an example of a bipolar organism? |
answer
| Pasturella |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the term for bacteria that can not be stained well with Gram stain? |
answer
| Acid fast bacteria |
Unlock the answer
question
| What can be used for bacteria that stain poorly with Gram stain? |
answer
| Giemsa stain or Silver stain |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is a sign of dermatophilus infection? |
answer
| Superficial skin infection without abscesses |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an acid-fast bacteria. |
answer
| Mycobacterium |
Unlock the answer
question
| Can Gr stain be used for Mycobacteria? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| With what bacteria will old cells stain Gr - even though the bacteria is Gr +? |
answer
| Clostridium |
Unlock the answer
question
| What color is the primary stain in acid-fast staining? |
answer
| Pink/Red |
Unlock the answer
question
| What color is the counter stain after decolorization in acid-fast staining? |
answer
| Blue |
Unlock the answer
question
| Can Gr stain be used for Leptospira? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What stain is used for Leptospira? |
answer
| Silver Stain |
Unlock the answer
question
| How does Leptospira appear when stained with Silver stain? |
answer
| Black spirals |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is an alternative to Gr, Giemsa, & Silver staining? |
answer
| Negative Staining (India Ink) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a capsulated bacteria (besides Bacillus). |
answer
| Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pasturella |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria exhibit bipolar staining? |
answer
| Pasturella multocida & Yersinia pestis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What antibiotic can be used to treat Pasturella? |
answer
| Tetracycline |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are some spore-forming bacteria? |
answer
| Bacillus; Clostridia |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are some outer envelope components? |
answer
| Capsule, Flagella, Pili/Fimbriae, Outer membrane/LPS, Periplasmic space/Gr-, Cell wall, inner membrane |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of bacteria contain LPS? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer? |
answer
| Gr + |
Unlock the answer
question
| Why do Gr + bacteria retain crystal violet? |
answer
| Thick peptidoglycan layer |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of bacteria have a periplasmic space? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| LPS |
answer
| Lipopolysaccharide |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are some outer envelope structures of E. coli? |
answer
| Pili/Fimbriae & Flagella |
Unlock the answer
question
| How do E. coli attach to mucosa? |
answer
| Fimbriae |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are some bacteria with flagella? |
answer
| E. coli, Salmonella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does Gram-stain show flagella? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bacterial Spores |
answer
| Highly R thick-walled oval or spherical bodies |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is B. anthracis aerobic or anaerobic? |
answer
| Aerobic |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria have terminal spores that are drumstick or tennis racket like in appearance? |
answer
| Clostridium tetani |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are Clostridia aerobic or anaerobic? |
answer
| Anaerobic |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the doubling time of E. coli? |
answer
| 20min |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the doubling time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? |
answer
| 24 hr |
Unlock the answer
question
| Viable, but non-culturable bacteria can be present in the _____ phase. |
answer
| Decline |
Unlock the answer
question
| Many pathogens need ____ for nutrition. |
answer
| Blood |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria that requires blood. |
answer
| Pasturella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does E. coli require blood to grow? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are the 4 phases of the bacterial growth curve? |
answer
| Lag, Log/Exponential Growth, Stationary, Death/Log Decline |
Unlock the answer
question
| At what phase of bacterial growth are virulence factors expressed? |
answer
| Exponential Growth/Log Phase |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are most pathogens aerobic, microaerophilic, or anaerobic? |
answer
| Aerobic |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a microaerophilic bacteria. |
answer
| Campylobacter jejuni |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give 2 examples of anaerobic bacteria. |
answer
| Fusobacterium, Clostridium |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a thermophilic bacterium. |
answer
| C. jejuni |
Unlock the answer
question
| What temperature do thermophilic bacteria grow at? |
answer
| 45 C |
Unlock the answer
question
| What temperature do psychrophilic bacteria grow at? |
answer
| 4 C |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give 2 examples of psychrophilic bacteria. |
answer
| Listeria, Yersinia enterocolitica |
Unlock the answer
question
| What % O2 is normal? What % is microaerophilic? |
answer
| 20%; 5% |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is required to cultivate microaerophilic bacteria & anaerobes? |
answer
| Special pouches or jars |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is characteristic of an anaerobic chamber? |
answer
| Completely O2-free |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is another term for freeze drying? |
answer
| Lyophilization |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 3 methods of preserving bacteria? |
answer
| Freeze-drying, freezing at -70C, freezing in liquid Nitrogen (-190C) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 2 methods of bacterial inactivation? |
answer
| Thermal/Sterilization, Chemical/Killing by Formalin ~0.5% or beta-propiolactone (vaccines) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 3 preliminary tests for diagnosis of bacterial dz? |
answer
| Oxidase, Catalase, Agglutination |
Unlock the answer
question
| Samples should be collected before _____. |
answer
| Antibiotic treatment |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are dry swabs suitable for sample collection & transport? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of swabs keep specimens moist, leaving bacteria viable, yet not multiplying? |
answer
| Transport Swab |
Unlock the answer
question
| What temperature should samples be held at when transport swabs are used? |
answer
| 4C |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is used for sample collection from uterus? |
answer
| Guarded Swab |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of swab allows aseptic sample collection from the site of infection? |
answer
| Guarded Swab |
Unlock the answer
question
| Direct Gram's smear was taken from a deep wound w/ foul smelling dark discharge. Routine culture on blood & MacConkey agar was (-) for growth. What are the bacteria? |
answer
| Anaerobes - Most likely clostridia |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is used to treat Clostridium? |
answer
| Penicillin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 2 routinely used culture media? |
answer
| Blood & MacConkey Agar |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria show mucoid colonies on BA & lactose fermenting colonies on Mac agar? |
answer
| Klebsiella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria that can cause otitis externa in dogs, & genital tract infections in horses. |
answer
| Klebsiella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Describe MacConkey agar. |
answer
| Selective for Gr -, differential for lactose fermentation |
Unlock the answer
question
| MA |
answer
| MacConkey Agar |
Unlock the answer
question
| What Gr + cocci in bunches show double zone hemolysis on BA? |
answer
| S. aureus |
Unlock the answer
question
| What test is done to differentiate Staphylococcus from Streptococcus? |
answer
| Catalase Test |
Unlock the answer
question
| Describe the Catalase Test. What bacteria will bubble? |
answer
| Add a drop of 3% H2O2 to a few colonies on a slide. Staph will bubble. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is pseudomonas penicillin S or R? |
answer
| R |
Unlock the answer
question
| What can be used to treat Pseudomonas? |
answer
| Gentamycin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the most common cause of wound inf. in N Am? |
answer
| Pseudomonas |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is pseudomonas Oxidase (+) or (-)? |
answer
| (+) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What media will Pseudomonas grow on? |
answer
| BA & MA |
Unlock the answer
question
| What color is a positive oxidase rxn? |
answer
| Purple |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is an example of a commercial bacteria ID sys? |
answer
| API (Analytical Products Inc) Strip |
Unlock the answer
question
| For what bacteria is it necessary to use a selective or enriched broth medium to isolate the organism? |
answer
| Salmonella |
Unlock the answer
question
| For Salmonella isolation, feces is first inoculated into ______ or ______ & incubated. The ingredients in this media suppress ______ & ____ other than Salmonella. After ___ hr, subculture is done on ___ & ____. |
answer
| Rappaport or Selenite broth; E. coli & enterics; 18; BA & MA |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Salmonella zoonotic? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| For isolation & ID of bacteria, always use _____. |
answer
| Pure Culture |
Unlock the answer
question
| After isolation & ID of bacteria, what is done? |
answer
| Antibiotic sensitivity testing |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is one method of antibiotic sensitivity testing? |
answer
| Disk Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) Method |
Unlock the answer
question
| What medium is used for disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing? |
answer
| Mueller Hinton agar |
Unlock the answer
question
| Diagnosis of _____ is done using bacterial agglutination for Ab's. |
answer
| Brucellosis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Latex particle/slide aggln is done for typing of ____ |
answer
| Streptococci; S. aureus, E coli |
Unlock the answer
question
| FloAb is used for ____. |
answer
| Canine Brucellosis |
Unlock the answer
question
| ELISA tests are used for antibodies, e.g. _____, or toxins, e.g. _____. |
answer
| Lyme dz; Clostridium perfringens |
Unlock the answer
question
| Serotyping of bacteria is done for ____ |
answer
| E coli |
Unlock the answer
question
| DHT is used for ___ & ___. |
answer
| Tuberculosis, Glanders |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 2 diseases that have a carrier state? |
answer
| TB, Brucellosis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is TB zoonotic? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is another name for DTH test? |
answer
| Mallein Test |
Unlock the answer
question
| DTH testing is done to diagnose glanders in ____, & TB in ___. |
answer
| Horses; Cattle |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes glanders? |
answer
| Pseudomonas |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are 3 bacterial pathogenesis factors? |
answer
| Host susceptibility, Bacterial infectivity, Virulence factors |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give some examples of virulence factors. |
answer
| Pili, non-fimbrial adhesins, capsule, toxins |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes shipping fever in cattle? |
answer
| Mannheimia haemolytica |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does Mannheimia haemolytica affect dogs? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Mannheimia haemolytica is specific to ____. |
answer
| Cattle |
Unlock the answer
question
| E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in neonatal calves do not cause diarrhea in older cattle, b/c _____. |
answer
| The older animals have no receptors in the intestine for attachment of E. coli |
Unlock the answer
question
| E. coli strains which cause Hamburger dz belong to specific _____, & produce _____, which damages ____. |
answer
| Serotypes, Shiga toxin, Blood vessels |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of toxin is Shiga toxin? |
answer
| Enterotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Capsules help bacteria escape from ____. |
answer
| Phagocytosis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Pathogenic E. coli strains have ____ for attachment to ____, & ability to produce _____. |
answer
| Pili, intestinal mucosa, enterotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Do pathogenic E. coli release enterotoxin first, or bind to intestinal mucosa? |
answer
| First bind to mucosa, then release enterotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| An organism that causes dz |
answer
| Pathogen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Establishment of pathogen in host |
answer
| Infection |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an obligate pathogen. |
answer
| Bacillus anthracis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a primary pathogen. |
answer
| Chlamydophila felis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes conjunctivitis in cats? |
answer
| Chlamydophila felis |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a secondary pathogen. |
answer
| Staph |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an opportunistic pathogen |
answer
| Staph, E. coli --> UTI |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an endogenous inf |
answer
| Gingivitis in dogs from commensals |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of exogenous inf |
answer
| Bacillus anthracis |
Unlock the answer
question
| C. tetani produce ____ toxin |
answer
| Exotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give 2 examples of contagious dz |
answer
| Strangles in horses, Pneumonic plague |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes pneumonic plague? |
answer
| Yersinia pestis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What organism causes Strangles? |
answer
| Streptococcus equi |
Unlock the answer
question
| The degree of pathogenicity bacteria may lose or gain |
answer
| Virulence |
Unlock the answer
question
| The process of diminishing virulence |
answer
| Attenuation |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Tetanus an inf? |
answer
| No - it is an intoxication |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are clostridium tetani & botulinum contagious? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give some examples of bacterial entry |
answer
| Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin/mucosa abrasion, Urogenital tract, Placenta to fetus, Umbilicus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an inhaled bacteria |
answer
| Bordetella bronchiseptica |
Unlock the answer
question
| What does Bordetella bronchiseptica cause in dogs? In cats? |
answer
| Kennel cough, Feline pneumonia |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an ingested bacteria. |
answer
| Salmonella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria in contaminated water. |
answer
| Leptospira |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria that enters through the urogenital tract. |
answer
| Brucella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria transmitted from placenta to fetus. |
answer
| Brucella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteria that is transmitted via umbilicus. |
answer
| E. coli |
Unlock the answer
question
| Spread by contact, food, water, etc. |
answer
| Horizontal Transmission |
Unlock the answer
question
| Transmission from mother to offspring during pregnancy. |
answer
| Vertical Transmission |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a species-specific pathogen. |
answer
| Streptococcus equi |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an organ-specific pathogen. |
answer
| Brucella abortus/canis (genital organs) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What structure helps with bacterial attachment and colonization? |
answer
| Pili |
Unlock the answer
question
| What factors help bacteria escape the immune system? |
answer
| Capsules, Toxins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Name 2 intracellular bacteria that invade host cells. |
answer
| Mycobacterium, Salmonella |
Unlock the answer
question
| Name a bacteria with antigenic variation. |
answer
| Mycoplasma |
Unlock the answer
question
| Name 2 bacteria that cause apoptosis. |
answer
| Salmonella, Listeria |
Unlock the answer
question
| How are virulence factors acquired? |
answer
| Mutation, Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bacteriophage enters and codes for virulence factor. |
answer
| Transduction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a toxin that is transferred via transduction. |
answer
| Botulism toxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What structure, transferred by conjugation, codes for antimicrobial resistance factor & virulence factors? |
answer
| Plasmid |
Unlock the answer
question
| Plasmids are transferred by _____. |
answer
| Conjugation |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are exotoxins produced by Gr + or - bacteria? |
answer
| Both |
Unlock the answer
question
| Examples of exotoxins |
answer
| Tetanus neurotoxin, Cholera toxin, E coli enterotoxin, Botulism neurotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Examples of endotoxins |
answer
| LPS --> Endotoxemia |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are endotoxins produced by Gr + or - bacteria? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| ____ are secreted by the bacteria; ____ is a part of the cell wall. |
answer
| Exotoxins; Endotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Penicillin ___ bacteria. |
answer
| Lyses |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of toxin is botulism toxin? |
answer
| Exotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What toxin causes flaccid paralysis of mm? |
answer
| Botulism toxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What toxin causes spastic contraction of mm & lockjaw? |
answer
| Tetanus neurotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of toxin is tetanus neurotoxin? |
answer
| Exotoxin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Are fluoroquinolones NS or BS? |
answer
| BS |
Unlock the answer
question
| What type of drugs should be used to target bacteria? |
answer
| Specific, NS |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used to treat S. equi? |
answer
| Penicillin |
Unlock the answer
question
| How do penicillins stop infections? |
answer
| Destroy cell wall |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bactericidal antibiotic. |
answer
| Penicillin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Kills bacteria |
answer
| Bactericidal |
Unlock the answer
question
| Inhibits bacterial growth |
answer
| Bacteriostatic |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a bacteriostatic antibiotic. |
answer
| Tetracycline |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give 2 examples of NS drug. |
answer
| Bacitracin, Penicillin G |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give 2 examples of BS drugs. |
answer
| Tetracycline, Doxycycline |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is one chemical grouping of antibiotics? |
answer
| Beta lactams |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does bacitracin target Gr + or - bacteria? |
answer
| Gr - |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the aim of antibacterial drugs? |
answer
| Maintain effective [ ] @ inf site |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dosage of antibiotics is _____ |
answer
| 3-5x MIC |
Unlock the answer
question
| MIC |
answer
| Minimal Inhibitory Concentration |
Unlock the answer
question
| Routes of antibacterial drugs: |
answer
| PO, IV, IM, SC, Local (eye, ear) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug can be fatal to rabbits, chinchillas, and guinea pigs? |
answer
| Penicillin & Cephalosporins |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Streptococcus equi Penicillin R or S? |
answer
| S |
Unlock the answer
question
| Antibacterial drugs should reach _____ @ _____. |
answer
| Active concentration, inf. site |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is good for urinary, lung, & skin inf? |
answer
| Baytril/Enrofloxacin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug should not be given PO? Why not? |
answer
| Penicillin G; destroyed in stomach |
Unlock the answer
question
| Long-acting drugs such as Liquamycin-LA are administered _____ |
answer
| IM in cattle |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria causes pink eye in cattle? |
answer
| Moraxella bovis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What antibiotics act by inhibition of cell wall synthesis? |
answer
| Penicillins, Cephalosporins |
Unlock the answer
question
| What antibiotics act by damage to cell membrane function? |
answer
| Polymyxins |
Unlock the answer
question
| What antibiotics act by inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis or function? |
answer
| Sulfonamides, Quinolones, Enrofloxacin |
Unlock the answer
question
| What antibiotics act by inhibition of protein synthesis (ribosomes)? |
answer
| Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used only in creams (not systemically) |
answer
| Polymyxins |
Unlock the answer
question
| What do drug resistant S. aureus produce? What does it do? |
answer
| Beta-lactamase, destroy B-lactam ring of penicillin, Inactivate drug |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is a common nosocomial bacterial inf? |
answer
| S. aureus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give examples of Beta lactam drugs. |
answer
| Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clavamox, Ceftiofur, Ceftazidime |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an Aminoglycoside. |
answer
| Gentamicin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a Macrolide. |
answer
| Erythromycin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a Sulfonamide |
answer
| Trimethoprim |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a fluoroquinolone |
answer
| Enrofloxacin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Beta lactam drugs are ____. |
answer
| Bactericidal |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used to treat Mycoplasma? |
answer
| Tetracycline |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used to treat pseudomonas? |
answer
| Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin), Fluoroquinolones |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used to treat Campy? |
answer
| Macrolides |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is penicillin G NS or BS? |
answer
| NS |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Ampicillin NS or BS? |
answer
| BS |
Unlock the answer
question
| What are some potentiated penicillins? |
answer
| Ampicillin + Sulbactam, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria is Penicillin G effective against? |
answer
| Corynebacterium, most Streptococcus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Erysipelothrix penicillin S or R? |
answer
| S |
Unlock the answer
question
| Avoid creation of drug-R bacteria by using ____ antibiotics. |
answer
| NS |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ampicillin-sulbactam counteracts _______. |
answer
| Beta lactamase enzyme of bacteria |
Unlock the answer
question
| Sulbactam inactivates _____, while ampicillin acts on ____. |
answer
| B-lactamase, bacteria |
Unlock the answer
question
| B-lactamase enzymes inactivate _____, including ____. |
answer
| Beta lactam drugs, Amoxicillin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Which is resistant to B-lactamase? Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid? |
answer
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid |
Unlock the answer
question
| BS or NS? Clavamox |
answer
| BS |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does Clavamox target anaerobes? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Clavamox active against Pseudomonas? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is Clavamox active against Mycoplasma? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the structure of tetracyclines? |
answer
| 4 Ring structure |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is enrofloxacin active against anaerobes? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Name 2 antibacterial drugs that are active against anaerobes. |
answer
| Clindamycin, Metronidazole |
Unlock the answer
question
| What bacteria do not require susceptibility testing? |
answer
| Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix, Bacillus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a synergistic antibiotic. |
answer
| Sulfa + Trimethoprim |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is one application of sulfa + trimithoprim? |
answer
| UTI |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is one sporicidal chemical? |
answer
| Formaldehyde |
Unlock the answer
question
| What can be used to kill anthrax? For how long? |
answer
| Formalin 5% spray, 4hrs |
Unlock the answer
question
| Does Formalin kill spores? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| Natural habitat is soil |
answer
| Geophilic |
Unlock the answer
question
| Animals are the source |
answer
| Zoophilic |
Unlock the answer
question
| Do Malassezia form mycelia? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ring worm fungi |
answer
| Dermatomycoses |
Unlock the answer
question
| Do antibodies protect against fungi? |
answer
| Rarely |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is a BS antifungal drug? |
answer
| Ketoconazole ("Nizoral") |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is used to treat Candida inf? |
answer
| Nystatin |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is nystatin BS or NS? |
answer
| NS |
Unlock the answer
question
| What drug is given for ringworm inf? How is it administered? |
answer
| Griseofulvin, PO |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is nystatin effective against ringworm? |
answer
| No |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is another name for ringworm? |
answer
| Dermatomycosis |
Unlock the answer
question
| How is ringworm diagnosed? |
answer
| Wood's Lamp, KOH Wet mount |
Unlock the answer
question
| Is ringworm zoonotic? |
answer
| Yes |
Unlock the answer
question
| What fungus fluoresces under Wood's lamp? |
answer
| Ringworm |
Unlock the answer
question
| How are samples collected for ringworm Dx? |
answer
| Hair collection, Basal portion/Hair root req'd |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the #1 ringworm causing fungus in dogs & cats? |
answer
| M. canis |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the #2 ringworm causing fungus in dogs? |
answer
| T. mentagrophytes |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of a systemic anti-fungal drug, |
answer
| Griseofulvin, Ketoconazole |
Unlock the answer
question
| Give an example of an anti-dermatophyte drug. |
answer
| Griseofulvin |
Unlock the answer
