Automation and Robotics – Flashcards
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In what year, did the first computer appear?
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1942
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Around 300 B.C., Hero of Alexandria invented a ____ statue of Hercules.
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hydraulic
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The first robot who could spell, complete magic tricks, and calculate math was called _____________________.
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Psycho
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Roger Bacon was said to have created a _________________________________.
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Mechanical head that could talk
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____ was a Greek philosopher that began the development of actual theories that enabled the creation of today's robots.
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Plato
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____ described humans and animals as machines that follow natural patterns.
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Rene Descartes
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The first machines to mimic the human mind were known as _____ machines.
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Processing
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The book ______________________ by Bertrand Russell enabled people to use mathematical logic to write computer programs.
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Principia Mathematica
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A student at MIT created the first personal robot.
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True
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Seiko produced the first robot used in industry in ____.
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1939
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The first widely used robot was called the ______________________.
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Unimate
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____ first used the term "robot" in a play to describe a device that served a master.
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Karel Capek
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A ________________________ functions as the mind of a robot, while a _____________________ functions as the body.
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Computer; Machine
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____ means controlling a robot's movements using a remote-control device.
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Teleoperating
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Which type of robot is able to move from place to place?
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Mobile
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______________ robots have a fixed base so they always stay in place. (5 Letters)
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Fixed
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The programs that allow a robot to think and make decisions are called ____.
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artificial intelligence
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The following describes robot efficiency EXCEPT:
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Can carry out only one task
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The following are tasks that robots can perform EXCEPT:
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Take care of a sick child
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All of the following are ways that robots are used in the medical field, EXCEPT:
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Advising patients about care
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Robots need to be built to move as effectively as a human.
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True
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The body of a robot is called ______________________.
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Hardware
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Another word for a manipulator is an end-effector.
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True
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Which of the following actions can be completed using a manipulator?
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All of these answers are correct
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A ____ is the hardware that allows a robot to interact with its environment.
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Manipulator
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___ help a robot perceive the world around them.
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Sensors
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Some touch sensors have built in thermistors that help the robot determine the temperature of an object.
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True
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What type of sensor allows a robot to determine a change in pressure that an object exerts on it?
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Touch sensor
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The _________________ system allows for a wide range of color values which allows the robot to recognize more complex objects.
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Ternary
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The structured-light system gives robots 2D sight.
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False
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The _______________________ system has only two values, light or dark. (6 Letters)
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Binary
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What is the most common method robots use to hear?
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Microphone
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Sonar uses ______________ waves to determine the distance between objects.
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Sound
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A robot can be equipped with sensors using radar and ____ to help it travel through physical space.
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Sonar
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To understand speech, the robot must first construct spoken words.
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False
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_____________ recognition is difficult for robots.
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Voice
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Robots use two types of power systems to help them move. What are they?
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Electrical; Fluid
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There are two types of fluid power systems: ___ and hydraulic.
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pneumatic
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Which power systems use pressurized air to create the force a robot uses to function?
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Pneumatic
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Which power systems use pressurized liquid to create the force a robot uses to function?
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Hydraulic
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___ developed theories to explain pressure and volume.
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Boyle
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Boyle's law stated that if you decrease the volume of a closed container, the pressure within the container will _______________________.
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Increase
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All of the following individuals contributed to current systems technology, EXCEPT:
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Einstein
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___ take volumes of liquid from a storage area, increase the liquid's pressure, and then inject the liquid into a closed system at high pressure to give the system energy to move.
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Pumps
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A _______________ system controls the movement, flow, and pressure of the gas or liquid in a pneumatic or hydraulic system. (2 Words)
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Control Valve
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A _____________ control valve starts and stops the control of liquid or gas in a system.
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Directional
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Control valves ensue that all of a machine's parts receive the correct amount of pressure.
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True
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An _________________ applies force to an object.
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Actuator
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Electric motors are very common for commercial robots.
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False
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The most important advantage in using electrical power for a robot is _____.
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portability
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All of the following are advantages to an electric motor, EXCEPT:
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Removable batteries
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Batteries are the most common ____ energy source for robots.
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chemical
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New robots are being powered by alternative energy sources such as solar panels and fuel cells.
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True
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It is important that all robots resemble humans.
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False
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A robot can use ____ to transport itself.
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All of these answers are correct
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A rectangular coordinate arm can reach to which of the following places?
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All of these answers are correct
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While using a robotic arm, the ____ are the different places that the arm can move.
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coordinates
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____ usually depend on a computer processor to tell them where to move.
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Stationary robots
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The rectangular coordinate arm has much for freedom than the revolute coordinate arm.
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False
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Roll is the side to side motion of a robot part.
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False
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The _____________ is the side to side motion of a robot. (3 Letters)
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Yaw
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The ________________ is the up and down motion of a robot. (5 Letters)
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Pitch
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Robots can be designed with ____________ legs to increase mobility and functionality.
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Multiple
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Most robotics are designed with wheels rather than legs.
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False
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Leg technology is difficult to replicate because it is difficult to copy the joints of human hips and ankles.
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True
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Advancing ____ technology will help solve the problem of copying human ankle movement.
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wrist
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____ robots are the most mobile and versatile of all robots.
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Combination
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There are large robots that weigh ____ of pounds.
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Thousands
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To create more flexible walking robots, there will have to be advances in artificial intelligence, sensors, and ____.
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robotic vision
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Robots are machines with ____ capable of carrying out a program.
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computer processors
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One advantage to walking robots is that they can travel over terrain that humans cannot.
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True
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Unlike software, hardware can be reprogrammed and changed over time.
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False
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Software allows a robot to think in an organized manner.
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True
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_____________ functions as a robots brain. (8 Letters)
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Software
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Prelinguistic programming language uses a ____ to tell the robot what to do.
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teaching pendant
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A comprehensive programming system provides instructions to a robots actions using a _______________________________.
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Coordinate Grid
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Which programming languages use a universal model to instruct a robot what to do or where to do?
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Comprehensive
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______________ programming languages are the most common method used to program computers or robots.
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Explicit
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All of the following are explicit programming languages, EXCEPT:
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Bots
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There are over 150 different robotic programming languages.
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False
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Which software program allows a robot to process information and direct one robot or a whole system of robots?
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Control program
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What advantages are there in software programs?
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All of these answers are correct
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The goal of ____ is to produce robots of capable of changing their behavior as their environment changes.
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artificial intelligence
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In _______________ AI, knowledge is represented by symbols. (8 Letters)
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Symbolic
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___ artificial intelligence is one of the two major theories for robotic AI, where the robot learns to categorize.
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Subsymbolic
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As AI evolves, robots will be better able to learn from their mistakes and their environment.
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True
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There is an interesting debate whether a robot will be developed that is _____ superior to humans.
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mentally
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The greatest concern for a robot working under water is ____.
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running out of energy
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For the last ___ years, remote-controlled robots have been used to explore ocean depths where the pressure is too great for humans.
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35
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Robots are ideal for working underwater, which is ____ to human life.
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Hostile
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The robotic surgical ____ provides a constantly steady hand, precise cutting, and an increase in the efficiency and accuracy of surgical procedures.
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arm
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____ were originally developed to assist in neurosurgery, which requires precise cuts and insertions into the brain.
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Robosurgeons
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The first practical industrial robot was introduced in the ____.
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1960s
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By 1982, there were over _____________ robots in use in the US.
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80,000
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____ robots are principally used to complete repetitive tasks that require a high degree of accuracy.
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Manufacturing
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The most common industrial robot is the robotic arm.
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True
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Which of the following jobs can be completed with a robotic arm?
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All of these answers are correct
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The use of robotic arms has ______________ the cost of assembling an automobile. (9 Letters)
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Decreased
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Why are robots better at building small microchips than humans are?
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Smaller "hands"
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___ uses a numerical coordinate programming language to tell the robot each step of a process.
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CIM
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Information from a CAD program are turned into _________________ for the robot by its processor. (12 Letters)
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Instructions
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___ is a graphic design program used to create building and product plans.
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CAD
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The following are characteristics of robot maids EXCEPT:
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High level artificial intelligence
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The invention of robots has made goods less expensive for consumers.
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True
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There are robots on the market today that can complete all of the following tasks, EXCEPT:
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Repair the kitchen sink
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In 1997, the Mars ___________________ moved around the surface of Mars and collected information to transmit back to Earth. (5 Letters)
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Rover
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____ will allow a robotic spacecraft to perform all the duties humans can perform on another planet and maybe more.
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Artificial intelligence
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One impact of robotics is the the United States has changed from a manufacturing society to a(n) _____ and service society.
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information
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Because robots have replaced some human workers, humans are now working in the field of handling information.
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True
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The following are information careers EXCEPT:
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Truck driver
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Soon, robots may be able to replace workers in care industries such as nursing and teaching.
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False
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A robot can perform the following functions EXCEPT:
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Replace teachers in the classroom
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How many laws of robotics did Asimov come up with?
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Three
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The basic laws of robotics focus on robots relationship with ______________________.
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Humans
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___ was a fiction writer and wrote many novels based on robots.
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Isaac Asimov
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Robotic competitions are actually tests of ____ and design.
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engineering
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___ is (are) a type of competition in which robots fight until only one remains functioning.
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Robot wars
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In a Botball tournament, people compete in teams of ___ robots.
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two
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In Botball Tournaments, the winning robot is determined by _______________________________?
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How many times the robot can complete a task
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In Botball Tournaments, the robots fight until only one remains.
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False
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Symbolic and Subsymbolic AI theories are based on models of the mind that were created by researchers in ____ and human intelligence.
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psychology
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Differences in __________________________ are the building blocks for symbolic AI.
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Characteristics
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___ theory of artificial intelligence believes that knowledge comes from how and when a person understands and can manipulate symbols.
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Symbolic
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____ systems apply programmed rules to all situations. For example, the robot is instructed to pick up objects and put them in a crate.
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Rule-based
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In ____ systems, the physical properties of an object are considered.
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frame-based
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Logic programming is based upon true statements.
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True
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Each symbol has at least ____ appropriate response that the robot can use when it encounters an object.
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one
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Within the subsymbolic approach, robots learn from ______________________________.
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Experiences
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Most people first encounter robots in the realm of _________________________.
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Entertainment
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The following television shows have robots in them EXCEPT:
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Star Search
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____ were the first to use robots for entertainment
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Amusement Parks
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____ range from dolls that look like fictional robotic characters to simple remote-controlled machines.
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Robotic toys
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The contestants in Botball modify the ___ to build the robot they design.
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Robotic kit
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Robots in kits possess the same artificial intelligence as robots used in manufacturing facilities.
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False
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A robotic kit can help an amateur engineer __________________.
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All of these answers are correct
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Scientists in Japan and the United States have created ____ of extinct species using this technology.
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Robotic models
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____ tell the robotic fish where to swim.
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Sensors
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The robotic muscles developed by NASA are made of thin ____________________. (7 Letters)
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Plastic
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Scientists at NASA have developed 3 types of robotic muscles.
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False
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One type of robotic muscle can bend to pick things up when an _________________ impulse flows through it.
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Electrical
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The Sprint company has developed a free-flying robotic camera that hovers close to a ____ and sends back video information to the crew.
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spacecraft
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___ is an eight legged robotic explorer used to descend into a volcano to gather high-temperature gases from the crater floor.
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Dante II
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Scientists still do not know exactly how human beings behave, so they can't recreate human-like robots.
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True
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A problem with reproducing human intelligence in robots is the issue of ___.
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Scale
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Human beings are amazingly ____.
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Adaptable
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Human brain cells, called ___, are the thinking cells that receive and send electronic messages to each other and to the rest of the body.
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neurons
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A ___ network inside a computer has a set of circuits that communicate with each other, similar to how brain cells function.
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neural
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The neural network inside of a computer is able to create and strengthen connections by ___________________ and remembering.
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Repetition
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The following are how robots operate in society EXCEPT:
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Diagnose people who are sick
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Robots have ____ potential in helping human beings.
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unlimited
