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Why do auditors generally use a sampling approach to evidence gathering?

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Auditors must balance the cost of the audit with the need for precision.

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Which of the following statements best describes a relationship between sample size and other elements of auditing?

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If materiality decreases, sample size will need to increase.

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Which of the following statements about the study of auditing is NOT true?

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The study of auditing focuses on learning the rules, techniques, and computations required to analyze financial statements.

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4. The basic purpose of a financial statement audit is to

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C. Provide assurance regarding whether the client's financial statements are fairly stated.

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5. Assurance services may improve all of the following except:

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Periodicity

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6. Evidence is reliable if it

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A. Signals the true state of a management assertion.

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7. Which of the following best describes the concept of audit risk?

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B. The risk that the auditor will provide an unqualified opinion on financial statements that are, in fact, materially misstated.

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8. An auditor who accepts an audit engagement and does not possess expertise with respect to the business entity's industry, should

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B. Obtain a knowledge of matters that relate to the nature of the entity's business.

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9. For publicly-held companies, the external auditor is required to audit which of the following:

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B. The company's internal controls.

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10. During the first phase of an audit, a CPA most likely would

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C. Discuss the timing of the audit procedures with the client's management.

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11. In the context of agency theory, information asymmetry refers to the idea that

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C. Management has more information about the entity's true financial position than do the absentee owners (i.e. stockholders).

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12. Which of the following best describes why an independent auditor is asked to express an opinion on the fair presentation of financial statements?

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C. The opinion of an independent party is needed because a company is not likely to be considered objective with respect to its own financial statements.

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13. Which of the following best describes the fundamental, underlying reason for why there is demand for an independent auditor to report on financial statements?

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B. Different interests may exist between the company preparing the statements and the parties using the statements.

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14. Which of the following best describes why publicly-traded corporations follow the practice of having the external auditor appointed by the board of directors or elected by the stockholders?

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B. To enhance auditor independence from the management of the corporation.

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15. The definition of auditing refers to auditing as a "systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions" What is meant by "systematic process?"

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C. There should be a well-planned approach for obtaining and evaluating evidence.

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16. Which of the following would best be described as an assurance service?

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C. Offering an opinion concerning the accuracy of statements made on a client's web site relating to the client's online privacy policies.

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17. Which of the following statements is not true with respect to assurance, attest, and audit services?

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A. These services are applied only to financial statements and financial statement accounts.

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18. Auditors are most likely to use the most rigorous audit procedures to examine

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D. Management assertions that are deemed to be of high risk.

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19. When obtaining an understanding of the entity and its environment, the auditor should obtain an understanding of internal controls primarily to

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A. Identify areas of relatively high risk of misstatement and plan the audit accordingly.

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20. Which one of the following statements best describes the concept of materiality?

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D. Materiality is largely a matter of professional judgment.

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21. Before accepting an engagement to audit a new client, an auditor is required to

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A. Make inquiries of the predecessor auditor.

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22. An investor is reading the financial statements of A Corporation and observes that the statements are accompanied by an auditor's unqualified report. From this, the investor may conclude that:

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A. Any disputes over significant accounting issues have been settled to the auditor's satisfaction.

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23. Preliminary engagement activities include:

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D. Determining engagement team requirements.

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24. The auditor's report is generally addressed to the:

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C. Stockholders of the company.

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25. An auditor would issue an adverse opinion if

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D. The statements taken as a whole do not fairly present the financial condition and results of operations of the company.

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26. Which of the following is true with respect to the auditor's report?

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B. The report indicates that the client's financial statements were audited in accordance with applicable auditing standards.

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27. Which of the following is not a concept that is included in the scope paragraph of the auditor's report?

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A. The conformance of the financial statements with generally accepted accounting principles.

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1. The Audit committee consists of:

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C. Members of the Board of Directors

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2. What organization is responsible for setting auditing standards for audits of publicly-traded companies in the U.S.?

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PCAOB

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3. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board's role is to

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B. Oversee the auditors of public companies in order to protect the interests of investors

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4. The authoritative body designed to promulgate standards concerning an accountant's association with audited financial statements of an entity that is required to file financial statements with the SEC is the

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C. Public Companies Accounting Oversight Board

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5. Which of the following describes the generally accepted auditing standard requiring a critical review of the work done and the judgment exercised by those assisting in an audit at every level of supervision?

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D. Due care

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6. Because of the risk of material misstatement, an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards should be planned and performed with an attitude of

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C. Professional skepticism

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7. The primary responsibility for the adequacy of disclosures in the financial statements of a publicly held company rests with the

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B. Management of the company

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8. Which of the following best describes the concept of risk assessment on which auditors can provide independent assurance?

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C. Whether management has systems in place to evaluate and effectively manage the entity's business risks

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9. Forensic audits include all of the following except

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B. Manufacturers' assertions about product quality

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10. A typical objective of an operational audit is for the auditor to

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C. Make recommendations for improving performance

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11. Governmental auditing often extends beyond examinations leading to the expression of an opinion on the fairness of financial presentation and includes audits of efficiency, effectiveness, economy and

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D. Compliance

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12. External auditors are referred to as "external" because

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C. They are not employees of the entity being audited

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13. What is the general character of the work conducted in performing a forensic audit for a company?

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B. Detecting or deterring fraudulent activity

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14. Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act?

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D. A certain number of hours, which is based on the size of the company being audited, must be spent on each audit engagement

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15. Who is ultimately responsible for the accuracy of a financial statement?

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D. Management of the organization.

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16. The AICPA's Statements on Auditing Standards can be described as

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C. Defining the minimum standards of performance for an auditor

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17. With regard to detecting fraud, auditing standards require auditors to

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B. Provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are not materially misstated because of fraud

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18. An internal auditor is likely to be more concerned with _________________ than the external auditor.

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C. Efficiency of operations

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19. Which of the following is not included in the broad category of assurance services?

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C. accounting or review services

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20. Due professional care requires

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A. Auditors to plan and perform their duties with the skill and care that is commonly expected of accounting professionals

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21. Which of the following best describes the role of corporate governance?

answer

C. Holding the management team accountable to shareholders and other constituents for the utilization of the entity's resources.

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22. Which of the following best describes what is meant by generally accepted auditing standards?

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C. Standards of quality for the auditor's performance

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23. Which assertions may be tested for the "account balances" category of management assertions?

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B. Existence, rights and obligations, completeness, valuation and allocation

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24. Which assertions may be tested for the transactions and events category of management assertions?

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C. Occurrence, completeness, authorization, accuracy, cutoff and classification

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25. Which assertions may be tested for the presentation and disclosure category of management assertions?

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D. Occurrence, rights and obligations, completeness, classification and understandability, accuracy and valuation.

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1. Engagement risk is:

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B. The auditor's risk of loss from events arising in connection with financial statements audited and reported upon

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2. Engagement risk can be eliminated by

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D. Engagement risk cannot be eliminated

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Client risk as defined as

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. the overall risk of material misstatement

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4. Under Statements on Auditing Standards, which of the following would be classified as an error?

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B. Misinterpretation by management of facts that existed when the financial statements were prepared

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5. When assessing the risk of material misstatement, auditors evaluate the reasonableness of an entity's accounting estimates. An auditor normally would be concerned about assumptions that are

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A. Susceptible to bias

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6. Which of the following characteristics most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of intentional manipulation of financial statements?

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C. Management places substantial emphasis on meeting earnings projections

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7. Which of the following is a known misstatement?

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B. A fixed asset being recorded at the incorrect cost

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8. Tolerable misstatement is

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D. Materiality allocated to a specific account

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9. Which of the following would an auditor most likely use in determining the planning materiality?

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B. The entity's annualized interim (i.e. quarterly) financial

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10. Which of the following is not a qualitative factor that may affect an auditor's establishment of materiality

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C. Firm policy sets materiality at 4% of pretax income

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11. Which of the following is not a concern as to whether a misstatement is qualitatively material?

answer

B. The misstatement is less than 5% of pretax income

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12. The risk that an auditor will conclude, based on substantive procedures, that a material error does not exist in an account balance when, in fact, such error does exist is referred to as

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B. Detection risk

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13. The risk of material misstatement differs from detection risk in that it

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C. Exists independently of the actions of the auditor

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14. All of the following are inherent risk except

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D. Supplies inventory is difficult to count

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15. When an auditor increases the assessed level of risk of material misstatement because certain control procedures were determined to be ineffective, the auditor would most likely increase the

answer

C. Extent of substantive tests

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16. Which of the following audit risk components may be assessed in qualitative terms?

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D. Both risk of material misstatement and detection risk

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17. When an entity moves into a significant new line of business, all of the following increase except

answer

B. Acceptable audit risk

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18. Which of the following procedures would not be used to obtain an understanding of the entity and its environment?

answer

C. Verify proper valuation of inventory subject to technological obsolescence

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19. Which of the following is not an important consideration in an auditor's evaluation of an entity's business risk?

answer

D. Audit standards require the auditor to evaluate the entity's business risk in order to provide suggestions to improve the entity's profitability

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20. Which of the following relatively small misstatements most likely would have a material effect on an entity's financial statements?

answer

A. An illegal payment to a foreign official that was not

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21. In general, frauds perpetrated by which of the following are most difficult to detect?

answer

D. Controller

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22. The primary responsibility for preventing fraud in an organization lies with

answer

D. The management

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23. All of the following represent an increased opportunity to commit fraud except:

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B. The auditor's relationship with management is strained

question

24. An auditor discovers a likely fraud during an audit but concludes that the overall effect of the fraud is not sufficiently material to affect the audit opinion. The auditor should probably

answer

A. Disclose the fraud to the appropriate level of the client's management

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25. Which of the following is the most important qualitative factor that auditors should consider when making materiality judgments? A

answer

C. The misstatement will cause the client to fail to meet an earnings forecast

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26. The acceptable level of detection risk is inversely related to the

answer

A. Extent of the substantive procedures

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27. As the acceptable level of detection risk decreases, an auditor may change the

answer

B. Nature of substantive procedures from less effective to more effective

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28. As the acceptable level of detection risk decreases, the assurance directly provided from

answer

A. Substantive procedures should increase

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29. Increased fraud risk could also result in all of the following except

answer

C. Lower control risk

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30. The objectives of the engagement partner's communication with the audit team include

answer

D. Emphasizing the importance of professional skepticism

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31. The auditor assumes a higher risk of fraud may exist if

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C. Inadequate segregation of duties places an employee in a position to perpetrate and conceal theft

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32. Which of the following factors most likely would heighten an auditor's concern about the risk of fraudulent financial reporting?

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A. Inability to generate cash flows from operations while reporting substantial earnings growth

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33. A properly planned and performed audit may fail to detect a material misstatement resulting from fraud because

answer

A. Audit procedures that are otherwise effective may be ineffective for fraud that is concealed through collusion

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34. Which of the following is correct concerning required auditor communications about fraud?

answer

A. Fraud that involves senior management should be reported directly by the auditor to the audit committee regardless of the amount involved

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35. Which element(s) is/are pervasive to the application of generally accepted auditing standards, particularly the standards of fieldwork and reporting?

answer

A. The elements of materiality and audit risk

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36. Which of the following statements is not correct about materiality?

answer

B. An auditor considers materiality for the aggregate level of misstatements that could be material to any one of the financial statements individually

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1. A confirmation is for verifying:

answer

C. a representation from a third party.

question

2. Which of the following elements ultimately determines the amount of audit work that is necessary in the circumstances to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion?

answer

A. Auditor judgment

question

3. To be sufficient, an evidence must

answer

D. Be persuasive enough to enable the auditor to form an opinion

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4. When completing an audit, an auditor asserts about

answer

C. presentation and disclosure

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5. In testing plant and equipment balances, an auditor may physically inspect new additions listed on the summary of plant and equipment transactions for the year. This procedure is designed to obtain assertion about

answer

A. Occurrence

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6. Tracing tests the assertion about

answer

B. Completeness

question

7. Vouching tests the assertion about

answer

A. Occurrence

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8. Of the following, which is the least persuasive type of audit evidence?

answer

C. Copies of client sales invoices inspected by the auditor

question

9. Audit documents belong to the

answer

B. The auditor

question

10. Which of the following procedures would an auditor most likely perform to verify management's assertion of completeness?

answer

Compare a sample of shipping documents to related sales invoices

question

11. The primary purpose of audit procedures is

answer

C. To gather corroborative evidence about management's assertions

question

12. An audit program is designed to

answer

D. Gather evidence about management's assertions

question

13. Which statement concerning audit evidence is not valid?

answer

B. The auditor performs tests to collect convincing evidence that the financial statements are not misstated

question

14. Each of the following might, by itself, form a valid basis for an auditor to reduce substantive testing except for the

answer

A. Difficulty and expense involved in testing a particular item

question

15. Of the following, the most reliable type of evidence typically is

answer

C. Reperformance

question

16. Which of the following presumptions is correct about reliability of audit evidence?

answer

D. An effective internal control system provides more reliable audit evidence

question

17. Which of the following types of documentary evidence should the auditor consider to be the most reliable?

answer

B. Confirmation of an account payable balance mailed by and returned directly to the auditor

question

18. Which of the following is the least persuasive documentation in support of an auditor's opinion?

answer

A. Schedules of details of physical inventory counts conducted by the client

question

19. Which of the following statements is generally correct about the appropriateness of audit evidence?

answer

A. The more effective the internal control, the more assurance it provides about the reliability of the accounting data and financial statements

question

20. Which of the following types of audit evidence is the most persuasive?

answer

C. Bank statements obtained from the client

question

21. Which of the following statements about accounting records and audit documentation is correct?

answer

A. Accounting records belong to the client

question

22. Audit documents record the results of the auditor's evidence-gathering procedures. When preparing audit documents, the auditor ensures audit documents are

answer

D. designed to facilitate the review and supervision of work done by auditors assigned to the engagement

question

23. Audit documents that record the procedures used by the auditor to gather evidence should be

answer

C. Designed in an orderly fashion to facilitate the review of audit work by the senior, manager, and partner on the engagement

question

24. In creating lead schedules for an audit engagement, the auditor begins with

answer

C. General ledger information, such as account numbers, prior-year account balances, and current year unadjusted information

question

25. Audit documentation

answer

D. May be in paper, electronic, or some other form

question

26. Based on conversations with the owner-manager of an audit client, the auditor ascertained that the company's primary motivation is to avoid paying income taxes. Based on this motivation, for the closing inventory, the auditor most concerned about assertion is

answer

Completeness

question

27. Your audit client is under intense pressure to meet an earnings target. Which transaction assertion within the purchasing process are you most concerned with?

answer

Completeness

question

28. You are concerned with unrecorded transactions in the purchasing cycle. Which audit procedure are you most likely to use when auditing purchases?

answer

B. Tracing vendor invoices to accounting records

question

29. Which of the following statements concerning audit evidence is correct?

answer

D. A client's accounting data cannot be considered sufficient audit evidence to support the financial statements

question

30. The permanent audit file usually includes:

answer

B. Organizational chart.

question

31. The current audit file usually includes:

answer

A. Working trial balance.

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