Atticus’ Closing Argument – Flashcards
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Claim
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The defendant is not guilty, but somebody in this courtroom is.
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Counterclaim
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The witness for the state...have presented themselves to you gentlemen, to this court, in the cynical confidence that their testimony would not be doubted, confident that you gentlemen would go along with them on the assumption--the evil assumption--that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women...
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Ethos
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Gentlemen
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Logos
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...it does require you to be sure beyond all reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the defendant
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Simile
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This case is as simple as black and white.
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Logos
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The state has not produced one iota of medical evidence to the effect that the crime Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place.
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Repeitition
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Tom Robinson, guilty, pity
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Pathos
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She is the victim of cruel poverty and ignorance.
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Logos
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...she has merely broken a time honored code of our society
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Pathos
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She did something that every child has done--she tried to put the evidence of her offense away from her.
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Questioning
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What did she do? What did her father do?
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Juxtaposition
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Not an old Uncle, but a strong, young Negro man.
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Idiom
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No code mattered to her before she broke it, but it came crashing down on her afterwards.
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Logos
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....there's circumstantial evidence to indicate that Mayella Ewell was beaten savagely by someone who led most exclusively with his left.
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Juxtaposition
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Atticus reminds the jury that Bob is left handed and Tom is right handed (left hand useless).
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Pathos
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...Tom Robinson now sits before you, having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses--his right hand.
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Parallelism
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And so a quiet, respectable, humble Negro...
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Diction
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...who had the unmitigated temerity to 'feel sorry' for a white woman...
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Parallelism
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...that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings, that all Negro men are not to be trusted around our women...
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Name calling
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... an assumption that one associates with minds of their caliber.
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Simile
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...we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinson's skin...
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Pathos
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There's not a person in this courtroom who has never told a lie, who has never done an immoral thing, and there is no man living who has never looked upon a woman without desire.
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Allusion
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Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created equal...
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Parallelism
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...some people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they're born with it, some men make more money than others, some ladies make better cakes than others--some people are born gifted beyond the normal scope of men.
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Allusion
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...there is one institution that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, the stupid man equal of Einstein...
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Allusion
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... in our courts all men are created equal
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Ethos
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I'm no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and in the jury system--that is no ideal to me, it is a living, working reality.
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Pathos
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In the name of God, do your duty.
