Atoms and Nuclear Chemistry – Flashcards
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What is an atom?
answer
The smallest part to which an element can be divided yet still be that element, building blocks of all matter
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What is a proton?
answer
Makeup the nucleus, has a positive charge; 1 amu
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What is a neutron?
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Part of the atom with no charge; makes up the nucleus; 1 amu
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What is an electron?
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Negatively charged part of the atom; in the electron cloud outside the nucleus
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What is the nucleus?
answer
Centre of the atom; small and dense; contains protons and neutrons
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What is an isotope?
answer
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different amount of neutrons
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What is an example for chlorine-37? ( characteristics: atomic number, mass number, etc)
answer
Atomic #- 17 Mass #- 37 # of protons- 17 # of electrons- 17 #of neutrons- 20
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What's average atomic mass?
answer
Weighted average of all of an atoms isotopes
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What is the formula for average atomic mass
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(Mass)(%)/100 or (mass)(decimal)
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What is involved in chemical reactions?
answer
Electrons, rearrange themselves to form a compound
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What is involved in a nuclear reaction?
answer
Changes the atom's nucleus and you get a different element
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Why do nuclear reactions occur?
answer
The nucleus of an atom is unstable because of the proton to neutron ratio
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What is the minimum atomic number an atom can have to go through radioactive decay?
answer
83
question
What is radioactive decay?
answer
Spontaneous process that occurs when an unstable nucleus gives off energy to become stable
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What is radiation?
answer
Energy given off, waves and particles capable of traveling the speed of light
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What are examples of radiation?
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X-rays, UV rays, microwaves, radio waves
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What is an alpha particle?
answer
Large and slower moving particles, damaging if digested, can't penetrate far
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What can block an alpha particle?
answer
Paper or skin
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What is an alpha particle made up of?
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2 protons and 2 neutrons which is a helium nucleus
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What is a beta particle?
answer
Fast moving electrons with a small mass and farther penetration than alpha
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What can block beta particles?
answer
Thin metals and protective clothing
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How does a neutron become a beta particle
answer
Neutron is converted to a proton and the negative becomes a beta particle and adds positive to atomic number
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What is a gamma ray?
answer
Neutral; penetrate far and travel at the speed of light
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What can block gamma rays?
answer
Thick lead or concrete
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What is a positron?
answer
Particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge;
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What does positron emission do?
answer
Changes a proton to a neutron
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What is electron capture?
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Emits a bundle of energy
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What is a Geiger counter?
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Used to detect radiation and tells you how much radiation you are absorbing
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What is nuclear fission?
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The splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments
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What atoms go through nuclear fission?
answer
Heavier atoms go through this for stability
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How much energy is released through nuclear fission?
answer
Large amounts
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When is nuclear fission used?
answer
In nuclear power plants and atomic bombs
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What is nuclear fusion?
answer
Combining atoms to make a larger atom
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What is nuclear fusion responsible for ?
answer
Every element greater than helium
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Who was Democritus and what did he believe?
answer
Greek chemist, Believed in atoms and matter
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What did John Dalton believe?
answer
In atoms and that they were the smallest particles, compounds, and he gave the modern atomic model
question
What did J.J Thomson discover?
answer
The electron and the plum pudding model
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What did Ernst Rutherford discover and do?
answer
The nucleus and protons(later) did gold foil experiment
question
What did James Chadwick discover?
answer
The neutron
question
Who developed the nuclear atomic model of the atom?
answer
Ernst Rutherford
question
What does the atomic number tell you?
answer
Number of protons and electrons
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What does the mass number tell you?
answer
Total number of protons and neutrons
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How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
answer
Atomic number
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What is the formula for half life?
answer
AR=IA(1/2)^h
question
What is half life?
answer
Time required for half of a radioactive isotope nuclei to decay into its products
question
What is an atom?
answer
The smallest part to which an element can be divided yet still be that element, building blocks of all matter
question
What is a proton?
answer
Makeup the nucleus, has a positive charge; 1 amu
question
What is a neutron?
answer
Part of the atom with no charge; makes up the nucleus; 1 amu
question
What is an electron?
answer
Negatively charged part of the atom; in the electron cloud outside the nucleus
question
What is the nucleus?
answer
Centre of the atom; small and dense; contains protons and neutrons
question
What is an isotope?
answer
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different amount of neutrons
question
What is an example for chlorine-37? ( characteristics: atomic number, mass number, etc)
answer
Atomic #- 17 Mass #- 37 # of protons- 17 # of electrons- 17 #of neutrons- 20
question
What's average atomic mass?
answer
Weighted average of all of an atoms isotopes
question
What is the formula for average atomic mass
answer
(Mass)(%)/100 or (mass)(decimal)
question
What is involved in chemical reactions?
answer
Electrons, rearrange themselves to form a compound
question
What is involved in a nuclear reaction?
answer
Changes the atom's nucleus and you get a different element
question
Why do nuclear reactions occur?
answer
The nucleus of an atom is unstable because of the proton to neutron ratio
question
What is the minimum atomic number an atom can have to go through radioactive decay?
answer
83
question
What is radioactive decay?
answer
Spontaneous process that occurs when an unstable nucleus gives off energy to become stable
question
What is radiation?
answer
Energy given off, waves and particles capable of traveling the speed of light
question
What are examples of radiation?
answer
X-rays, UV rays, microwaves, radio waves
question
What is an alpha particle?
answer
Large and slower moving particles, damaging if digested, can't penetrate far
question
What can block an alpha particle?
answer
Paper or skin
question
What is an alpha particle made up of?
answer
2 protons and 2 neutrons which is a helium nucleus
question
What is a beta particle?
answer
Fast moving electrons with a small mass and farther penetration than alpha
question
What can block beta particles?
answer
Thin metals and protective clothing
question
How does a neutron become a beta particle
answer
Neutron is converted to a proton and the negative becomes a beta particle and adds positive to atomic number
question
What is a gamma ray?
answer
Neutral; penetrate far and travel at the speed of light
question
What can block gamma rays?
answer
Thick lead or concrete
question
What is a positron?
answer
Particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge;
question
What does positron emission do?
answer
Changes a proton to a neutron
question
What is electron capture?
answer
Emits a bundle of energy
question
What is a Geiger counter?
answer
Used to detect radiation and tells you how much radiation you are absorbing
question
What is nuclear fission?
answer
The splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments
question
What atoms go through nuclear fission?
answer
Heavier atoms go through this for stability
question
How much energy is released through nuclear fission?
answer
Large amounts
question
When is nuclear fission used?
answer
In nuclear power plants and atomic bombs
question
What is nuclear fusion?
answer
Combining atoms to make a larger atom
question
What is nuclear fusion responsible for ?
answer
Every element greater than helium
question
Who was Democritus and what did he believe?
answer
Greek chemist, Believed in atoms and matter
question
What did John Dalton believe?
answer
In atoms and that they were the smallest particles, compounds, and he gave the modern atomic model
question
What did J.J Thomson discover?
answer
The electron and the plum pudding model
question
What did Ernst Rutherford discover and do?
answer
The nucleus and protons(later) did gold foil experiment
question
What did James Chadwick discover?
answer
The neutron
question
Who developed the nuclear atomic model of the atom?
answer
Ernst Rutherford
question
What does the atomic number tell you?
answer
Number of protons and electrons
question
What does the mass number tell you?
answer
Total number of protons and neutrons
question
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
answer
Atomic number
question
What is the formula for half life?
answer
AR=IA(1/2)^h
question
What is half life?
answer
Time required for half of a radioactive isotope nuclei to decay into its products
