Atomic Structure and nuclear energy – Flashcards

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Subtomic
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Anything smaller than an atom. ( the particles that make up an atom).
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Nucleus
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center of atom, contains protons and neutrons.
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Protons
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nucleon with a positive charge. mass of one AMU
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Neutrons
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nucleon with no charge. mass of one AMU
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Electron
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Subatomic particle with a negative charge
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Electron cloud
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area around the nucleus where the electrons are found.
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energy levels
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paths in electron cloud where the electrons orbit the nucleus.
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Valence
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electrons in the outer most energy level. Responsible for chemical reactions.
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Quarks
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material that make up the protons and neutrons.
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Atomic number
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number of protons in the nucleus.
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Atomic mass
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number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. (average mass)
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Electromagnetic force
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attraction between charges. (holds electrons close to the nucleus.)
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Strong nuclear force
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neutrons and protons attract each other at very small distances. (strongest force)
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Weak nuclear force
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causes a neutron by itself to break down into a proton and an electron.
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gravity
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weakest force
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isotopes
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atoms of the same element but different # of neutrons.
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Transmutation
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changing of one atom into another element.
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Binding of energy
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total amount of energy holding the nucleus together. ( caused by strong and weak nuclear forces)
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fusion
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combining atomic nuclei to create a new element.
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fission
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nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei
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parent nucleus
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the original nucleus
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daughter nucleus
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when the nucleus splits into two
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radioactive
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break down and give off subatomic particles and radiation
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Alpha decay
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nucleus ejects 2 protons and neutrons
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beta decay
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neutron turns in proton and an electron (electron is ejected)
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gamma decay
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nucleus gives off energy as gamma rays to become more stable
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half life
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the time it takes for half of the atoms to decay
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carbon dating
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living thing contains lots of carbon
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Radiation
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flow of energy through space
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non- ionizing radiation
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low energy radiation
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ionizing radiation
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high energy that can break chemical bonds in molecules
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