Astronomy 1040 UVU Dr Powell Final Review – Flashcards
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If you were at the equator, then the north star would be ___
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On your horizon
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The primary source of the sun's energy is ___
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a result of 4H becoming 1He.
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The Earth's atmosphere is mostly composed of ___
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Nitrogen.
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The largest planets in our solar system are ___
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Jupiter and Saturn.
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An example of extraordinary evidence is ___
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an example of seeing it for your self.
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Venus is ___ (direction). Azimiuth angle is ___ (degrees).
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SE; 135 degrees
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The brightest star is ___
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The sun
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Declination is ___
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analogous to latitude
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Right ascension is ___
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analogous to longitude
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Relative to the stars, the sun and moon move ___
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west to east
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For a solar eclipse, the moon phase must be ___
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a new moon
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Who used the calendar of 29-30 days?
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The jews and babylonians
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Keplers second law ___
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was an implication that a planet moves fastest when closest to the sun
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What is the direction of our acceleration out of a car if you feel thrown left while turning?
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Right
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Are you accelerating if you're going straight down the hill at a constant speed?
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No. There is no change.
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If you go over the hill at a constant speed, are you accelerating?
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Yes.
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What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from increasing wavelengths?
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Gamma Rays, xrays, uv, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio
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Composed of quarks?
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Protons and neutrons. But not electrons
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Photons of higher energy?
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Those of higher frequency. Not higher speed or greater speed
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States of matter are ___
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Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
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Most common state of matter is ___
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plasma
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Largest optical telescopes are ___
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reflectors
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True or False: All planets in our solar system orbit the same direction.
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True. But they do not all spin the same direction
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4 materials from most to least refractory are ____
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Iron, rock, methane, helium
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Which type of seismic waves are slower and do not propagate?
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Seismic S waves are slower and do not propagate through liquids.
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The earth's core is composed of primarily ___. The earth's mantle is mostly ___.
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Iron; Silicate
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Planets surface age from youngest to oldest:
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Earth, Venus, Mars, Mercury (least to most craters)
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Most volcanic active body is ___
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Io (a moon)
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Moon with thickest atmosphere:
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Titan
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Largest moon is ___
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Ganymede
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Largest moon to orbit retrograde is ___
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Tritan
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Moon with most craters is ___
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Callisto
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Layers of the sun:
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Core, Radiative Zone, Convective zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona, heliosphere
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Hottest atmospheric layer of the sun is ___
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The Corona
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Sun spot number cycle is ___. Magnetic cycle is ___.
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11 years; 22 years
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Solution to the solar neutrino problem is ___
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Neutrinos switch type.
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HR Diagram
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White dwarfs lower left. Red giants upper right.
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M type stars...
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last the longest on the main sequence (MS)
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O type stars...
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last the shortest because they use up their fuel so fast
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AGB star source of energy
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He and He
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M1: crab nebula source of energy
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Rotation
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White dwarfs are ___. Nova are ___.
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+10; -10 (but we only see 10 magnitudes because the red giant is too close to separate)
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What is the order of the stages of the sun?
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TT Mr Haw = Tauri, Main Sequence, Red giant, Horizonal Branch, AGB, White dwarf
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Odd ball stars
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The default explanation is mass transfer in a close binary (excretion disk of a supermassive black hole)
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Hubble type
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Large, round, bulge compared to small arms then the hubble type is an ordinary spiral because it has a round bulge (spiral sub class A)
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Our milky way galaxy formed from ___ but ___.
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Relatively high angular momentum; low average density
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Our galaxy is a ___
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barred spiral (SBbc)
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Who discovered Cepheids in Andromeda?
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Hubble
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Order of the standard candles from least to most luminous:
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RRLyrae, Cepheids, Novas
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Reason for seasons?
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Earth's tilt
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Astrology is a phseudoscience because ___
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it pretends to be scientific but it isn't
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Ocean tides are the highest when ___
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the moon is high
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Why is the sky blue?
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Blue light being scattered
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Looking towards the west, the sun has set but the moon has not yet. What phase is the moon?
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Waxing crescent
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Our earth formed from ___, ___, and ___ from stars that ____.
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Oxygen, iron, and silicon; died long before the sun
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What is the cosmic address?
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You, earth, solar system, milky way galaxy, local group, local supercluster
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If the sun became a black hole, orbits would ___
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be the same (unchanged)
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Why do we see one face of the moon/one side of the moon?
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The reason is because spin and orbit at the same time
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Who discovered the moons of Jupiter?
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Galileo
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Who showed that the Earth is spherical and calculated its circumference of Earth?
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Eratosthenes
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Science better at discovering natural laws because ___
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greater reliance than other fields on the eye
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The sun is ___
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an above average star
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If a truck has 3 times the mass, you want 2 times the acceleration.
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You will need 6 times the force.
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Bird and plane; same force, but bird more acceleration. So if they collide at a high speed, ___
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they will have the same force
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At the same temperature, oxygen will have to be moving faster than ___
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CO2
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You're on the ground, and what is the reaction force to your weight?
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It is pulling up on the earth
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Fast freddy and big bob: fast freddy has the same linear momentum as big bob but fast freddy has ___
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has more kinetic energy
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Due to tidal forces between the earth, moon, and the day:
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The day is getting longer; the moon is receding
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High amplitude would mean ____. Low frequency is ____
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Bright; red
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If you do not change the medium, then the velocity remains ___. If you decrease the wavelength, that would ___
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cause the frequency to increase
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Who came up with the 4 equation of electromagnetism?
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Maxwell
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Who was the first to measure the speed of light?
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Roemer
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What is an example of a zone of divergence?
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Middle of Atlantic ocean
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____ mercury day in a mercury ____. ____ Venus days in a Venus ___. The ancient greeks thought that Mercury and Venus were ____
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1/2 Mercury day; Mercury year; 2 Venus days; Venus year; two different planets
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Venus clouds have ___
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sulfuric acid
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Which was the first spacecraft caught into orbit around Saturn and not just fly by it?
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Cassini
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What is the order of the rings?
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DCBcassiniAFGE
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Most comets are located in the ___
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Oort Cloud
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Most meteors come from ___ but most meteorites come from ___.
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Comets; Asteroids
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Uranus was discovered by ___
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Herschel
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Pluto was discovered by ___
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Tombaugh
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Mars has the largest volcano in the solar system is ___
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Impact basin
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Uranus does not emit ___
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Two times the energy received
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Most of the hydrogen and helium comes from ___
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The Big Bang (Most heavier elements from stars)
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The suns spectral type is ___
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G2
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Most stars seen in the sky are ___. Most stars in the universe are ___.
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More luminous; less luminous
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Binaries:
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Spectroscopic, eclipsing, visual (visual are the widest apart)
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Red Nebula:
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Emission
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Blue Nebula:
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Reflection
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Dark Nebulas:
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Absorption (where most stars form)
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If a cluster lacks O, D, and B, then ___
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then it is old
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If a cluster still has O type stars, then ___
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it is a young cluster
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1/2 the mass of Jupiter should be ___
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a planet
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1000 times the mass of Jupiter is ___
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A G type star
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40 times the mass of Jupiter is ___
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A brown Dwarf
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1 mass of sun (dead star) is ___
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A white dwarf
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2 mass of dead star is ___
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Neutron Star
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5 solar mass star ___
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Black Hole
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As the sun leaves the main sequence, ___
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It will be a hydrogen shell fusion
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End of line:
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Fe, Iron
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Ladder
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Lowest is light time, then parallax, then standard candle, and top step is hubble law (which is the least reliable and greatest distance)
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Dark matter and dark energy are ___.
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different things
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Dark matter explains ___
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fast stars in galaxies and bound fast galaxies
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Dark energy explains ___
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why the universe is accelerating/speeding up
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The four forces in order (strongest to weakest)
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Strong nuclear, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear, gravity
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If you join all 4 forces
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TOE
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If you join 3 (not gravity)
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Grant Unified Theory (GUT)
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Intelligent life out there?
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Probably yes
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Intelligent life visiting us?
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Probably no
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