Assessment 03 – Flashcards
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| Sulfonamide |
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| Blocks Dihydropteroate Synthase to Inhibit Folic Acid Synthesis; G+/-, not anaerobes; IV/oral |
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| Trimethoprim |
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| Blocks Dihydrofolate Reductase to Inhibit Folic Acid Synthesis; G+/-, not anaerobes; IV/oral |
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| Pencillin G |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; Highest activity against G+ bacteria and G- cocci, not G- enterics; Sensitive to penicillinase (aka B-lactamase) breaks B-lactam ring IV |
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| Pencillin V |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; Highest activity against G+ bacteria and G- cocci, not G- enterics; Sensitive to penicillinase (aka B-lactamase) breaks B-lactam ring; ORAL |
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| Ampicillin |
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| Broad spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; G+ and G- enteric bacilli (E.coli); IV/Oral |
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| Amoxicillin |
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| Broad spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; G+ and G- enteric bacilli (E.coli); Oral |
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| Carbenicillin |
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| Broad spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; 1st B-lactam effective against P. aeruginosa; IV |
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| Ticarcillin |
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| Broad spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; effective against P. aeruginosa; IV |
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| Pipercillin |
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| extended spectrum B-lactam; Binds to and inactivate PBP's to Block Peptidoglycan/Cell Wall Synthesis; Most active penicillin against G- enterics, P. aeruginosa, and G- anaerobes (less active against G+ cocci; IV |
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| Methicillin |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Anti-Staphylococcal, not E.coli (lower activity than Pen G, but resistant to penicillinase; Resistant (MRSA); IV |
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| Oxacillin |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Anti-Staphylococcal, not E.coli (lower activity than Pen G, but resistant to penicillinase; Resistant; IV/oral |
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| Nafcillin |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Anti-Staphylococcal, not E.coli (lower activity than Pen G, but resistant to penicillinase; Resistant; IV/oral |
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| Cloxacillin |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Anti-Staphylococcal, not E.coli (lower activity than Pen G, but resistant to penicillinase; Resistant; Oral |
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| Dicloxacillin |
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| narrow spectrum B-lactam; Anti-Staphylococcal, not E.coli (lower activity than Pen G, but resistant to penicillinase; Resistant; Oral |
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| Cephalosporins general |
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| Cephalosporins differ from penicillins in having greater acid stability; being penicillinase resistant; and being antigenically dissimilar (5-15% cross reactivity in penicillin-allergic patients) |
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| Cephalexin |
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| 1st gen. cephalosporin; G+, G- enterics, not P. aeruginosa; Sensitive to cephalosporinases; IV/Oral |
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| Cefazolin |
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| 1st gen. cephalosporin; G+, G- enterics, not P. aeruginosa; Sensitive to cephalosporinases; IV/Oral |
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| Cefoxitin |
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| 2nd gen cephalosporin; Improved anaerobic activity; resistant to cephalosporinases, but sensitive to ESBL's IV/Oral |
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| Cefotetan |
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| 2nd gen cephalosporin; Improved anaerobic activity; resistant to cephalosporinases, but sensitive to ESBL's IV/Oral |
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| Ceftriaxone |
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| 3rd gen cephalosporin; Improved G- activity; resistant to cephalosporinases, but sensitive to ESBL's; IV/Oral |
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| Cefepime |
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| 4th gen cephalosporin; Anti-Psuedomonal and preserved activity for Streptococci; Resistant to both cephalosporinases and ESBL's; IV/Oral |
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| Aztreonam |
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| monobactam; same activity as penecillins/cephalosporins; G- activity equal to 3rd gen. cephs; no anaerobic or G+ activity ****can be used in pen-allergic patients.; IV |
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| Imipenem-cilastatin |
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| carbapenem; same activity as penecillins/cephalosporins etc.; Very broad Spectrum; G+/-, Anti-Psuedomonal, anaerobes, Strep. Pneumo; Sensitive to carbanpenemases; also bacteria can alter porin channels decreasing permeability; IV |
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| Meropenem |
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| carbapenem; same activity as penecillins/cephalosporins etc.; Very broad Spectrum; G+/-, Anti-Psuedomonal, anaerobes, Strep. Pneumo; Sensitive to carbanpenemases; also bacteria can alter porin channels decreasing permeability; IV |
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| Ertapenem |
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| carbapenem; same activity as penecillins/cephalosporins etc.; Low Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter activity; Sensitive to carbanpenemases; also bacteria can alter porin channels decreasing permeability; IV |
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| Vancomycin |
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| Binds to peptidoglycan precursors to inhibit transfer of precursors to growing cell wall; Activity restricted to G+, drug of choice for MRSA; Resistance already occurs in Enterococcus species (source of resistance for the 1st VRSA); IV/Oral |
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| Bacitracin |
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| Blocks phosphatase to inhibit carrier lipid in peptidoglycan synthesis; Topical therapy for G+ |
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| Polymyxins; {Polymyxin B, Polymyxin E (Colistin)} |
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| Cationic detergent-damaging cell membrane; Topical therapy for G- rods |
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| Daptomycin |
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| bactericidal; Irreversibily binds cell membrane; depolarizes and causes cell death; Aerobic G+ (note that binding to pulmonary surfactant causes inactivation) |
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| Cycloserine |
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| Disrupts proper pentapeptide formation in peptidoglycan precursors; Anti-Tuberculosis |
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| Streptomycin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Broad spectrum, not anaerobes, not intracellular bacteria; IV |
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| Kanamycin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Broad spectrum, not anaerobes, not intracellular bacteria; IV |
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| Neomycin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Broad spectrum, not anaerobes, not intracellular bacteria; IV |
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| Gentamycin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Extended spectrum, including activity against Pseudomonas; IV |
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| Tobramycin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Extended spectrum, including activity against Pseudomonas; IV |
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| Amikacin |
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| Specific binding to a 30S ribosomal protein , distorts the acceptor site and causes misreading; Extended spectrum, including activity against Pseudomonas; IV |
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| Spectinomycin |
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| Binds to 30S subunit to inhibit protein syn.; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; neither-IM |
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| Tetracycline |
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| Blocks acceptor-site on 30S subunit to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA binding; broad spectrum, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Minocycline |
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| Blocks acceptor-site on 30S subunit to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA binding; broad spectrum, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Doxycycline |
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| Blocks acceptor-site on 30S subunit to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA binding; broad spectrum, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Tigecycline |
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| a glycylcycline; Blocks acceptor-site on 30S subunit to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA binding; broad spectrum, tetracycline resistant strains; IV/oral |
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| Erythromycin |
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| Bind to 50S subunit to cause dissociation of tRNA and termination of peptide linking; similar to Pen G, but includes mycoplasma and chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Azithromycin |
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| Bind to 50S subunit to cause dissociation of tRNA and termination of peptide linking; similar to Pen G, but includes mycoplasma and chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Clairithromycin |
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| Bind to 50S subunit to cause dissociation of tRNA and termination of peptide linking; similar to Pen G, but includes mycoplasma and chlamydia; IV/oral |
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| Telithromycin |
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| a ketolide; Bind to 50S subunit to cause dissociation of tRNA and termination of peptide linking; Resp. tract pathogens (common and atypical), Strep. pneumo., effective against B-lactam and macrolide-resistant strains; Unable to induce MLSB resistance; IV/oral |
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| Clindamycin |
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| Binds to 50S to inhibit peptidyl transfer; similar to erythromycin plus highly effective against anaerobes in general; IV/oral |
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| Chloramphenicol |
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Binds to 50S to inhibit peptidyl transfer + affects human mitochondria; broad spectrum; IV/oral ; SI: Causes bone marrow depression due to effects on human mitochondria. |
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| Retapamulin |
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| inhibition of proteins synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome |
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| Quinupristin & Dalfopristin |
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| Blocks channel in ribosome where nascent peptides exit; G+, VRSA, VR enterococci, MRSA |
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| Linezolid |
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| Blocks interaction of 50S with fMet-tRNA; G+, MRSA, VSRA, VRE, Strep. pneumo. |
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| Mupirocin |
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| Topical antibiotic that inhibits bacterial RNA and protein synthesis |
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| Imidazoles (Ketoconazole,miconazole, otrimazole) |
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| Blocks CytP-450 dependent metabolism of a precursor of ergosterol- inc. opsonization; Less specific and have higher side effects |
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| Triazoles (Fluconazole, Itraconazole) |
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| Blocks CytP-450 dependent metabolism of a precursor of ergosterol- inc. opsonization; important in patients w/ recurrent fungal infections, broader spectrum, fewer side effects; less active @ human P450 |
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| Echinocandins (Caspofungin) |
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| Inhibits synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan which is essential for fungal cell wall Candida, aspergillus |
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| Polyene Antibiotics (Amphotericin B, Nystatin) |
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| Bind to sterols (esp. ergosterol) in cell membrane-damaging it Thrush (oral candidiasis) |
