question

While waging the American Revolution and running the government before 1787, how was Congress limited by the Articles of Confederation

answer

The articles did not give Congress the authority to order states to comply with its requests.

question

Which of the following areas was a loyalist stronghold during the Revolution

answer

New York

question

How could the American army in the early years of the War for Independence be characterized

answer

It was poorly fed, poorly clothed, and poorly trained.

question

Joseph Brant was the leader of which federation that was defeated by the Americans in the Revolution

answer

The Iroquois Nation

question

What generally happened when the British evacuated areas they had previously occupied such as New Jersey, New York, Georgia and the Carolinas

answer

States militias ruthlessly pursued loyalists, forced many to flee, and coerced most into renouncing the crown.

question

Why was the Battle of Saratoga so significant to the American Revolution

answer

It convinced France to support the United States publicly.

question

Who was Frederick von Steuben

answer

He was the man who turned the American army into a formidable fighting force.

question

According to the Northwest Ordinance, a territory could become a new states when

answer

Its population exceeded the population of the smallest state.

question

How were blacks accounted for in the Three-Fifths Compromise

answer

Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for tax and representative reasons.

question

Which of the following conditions was not true of the state constitutions adopted during the Revolution

answer

They abolished property and taxpaying qualifications for voting.

question

Who served as George Washington's French liaison during the Revolution

answer

Marquis de Lafayette

question

In the late eighteenth century, what did many Americans think about political parties

answer

Political parties were factions- selfish groups that advanced their own interests at the expense of the public good.

question

Who was the author of the Virginia's Statute for Religious Freedom and bills abolishing entails and primogeniture

answer

Thomas Jefferson

question

Where did American forces suffer through the disastrous winter of 1777-1778

answer

Valley Forge

question

Which of the following was not one of the features or powers of government under the Articles of Confederation

answer

It called for a president elected by the state legislatures.

question

Which of the following facts concerning the Northwest Ordinance is not true

answer

It removed Native Americans and guaranteed white settlers the right to buy land in the territory.

question

Which of the following problems challenged the confederation government

answer

All of these

question

What country controlled New ORleans after the Peace of Paris

answer

Spain

question

How did Robert Morris propose to solve the nation's financial crisis

answer

By levying a national import duty to finance the congressional budget and to guarantee interest payments on the war debt.

question

What conditions led to Daniel Shay's Rebellion

answer

All of these

question

Which statement concerning the delegates to the Constitutional Convention is most accurate

answer

The delegates tended to be wealthy lawyers in their thirties and forties.

question

Which state made the proposal to create a bicameral national legislature, with representation based proportionally on each state's population

answer

Virginia

question

What was the name of the proposal to create a single-chamber congress in which each state had an equal vote

answer

New Jersey Plan

question

What is the name of the relationship that the Constitution established between the national and state governments

answer

Federalism

question

Which of the following correctly describes the situation of Native Americans in the 1770s and 1780s

answer

They continued to incorporate the most useful aspects of European culture into their own, combining elements of the old and new.

question

What was the fundamental issue at the Constitutional Convention

answer

How to balance the conflicting interests of large and small states

question

Why are the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions so significant to American History

answer

They made the claim that a state had the right to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional.

question

What did George Washington argue in his farewell address

answer

The United States should avoid foreign entanglements.

question

What basic belief did Hamilton's domestic program reflect

answer

The national government had to maintain authority over the states.

question

What was the XYZ Affair

answer

An effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate.

question

Who were the midnight judges

answer

Judicial appointments made by President Adams in the last months of his presidency.

question

The 1823 Monroe Doctrine argued that European countries

answer

Could no longer establish new colonies in the Western Hemisphere

question

What was the basic conflict between President Jefferson and the Quids

answer

The quids believed that Jefferson was not true to their party's country ideology.

question

In McCulloch v. Maryland, what did the Supreme Court declare

answer

A state cannot tax an agency of the federal government.

question

Why did westerners feel special bitterness toward the British during the late 1780s

answer

The British continued to occupy seven forts on American soil and backed Indian resistance to white settlers.

question

Why are the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions so significant to American history

answer

They made the claim that a state had the right to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional.

question

What did George Washington argue in his farewell address

answer

The United States had to avoid foreign entanglements.

question

What does the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution prohibit

answer

Cruel and unusual punishments

question

Who took the lead in establishing the Washington administration's domestic priorities

answer

Alexander Hamilton

question

What basic belief did Hamilton's domestic program reflect

answer

The national government had to maintain authority over the states.

question

When Alexander Hamilton argued that Congress had the constitutional authority to establish a national bank, what was the basis of his assertion

answer

The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties.

question

Why did the southern states vote for Hamilton's plan to assume state debts

answer

Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia.

question

Which issue led to the development of political coalitions during Washington's first term

answer

Hamilton's financial program

question

Where did the first significant internal challenge to the authority of the new federal government occur

answer

Pennsylvania

question

Which statement best assesses the Washington administration's policy of pacifying the northwestern and southwestern Indian tribes to weaken their friendship with Britain and Spain

answer

It failed completely.

question

Which of the following accurately describes American opinion regarding the Anglo-French struggle after the French Revolution

answer

New Englanders favored Britain because they believed that good relations with the British were essential to the region's prosperity.

question

How did the United States government respond to France's declaration of war on Britain in 1793

answer

It proclaimed neutrality.

question

Who was Citizen Genet

answer

He was the French official to the United States who was instructed to enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack British shipping.

question

Which of the following was a British practice that damaged Anglo-American relations during the Washington administration

answer

All of these.

question

What did the Treaty of Greenville do

answer

It opened most of modern-day Ohio to white settlement and ended Indian hostilities there.

question

Which of the following was one of the accomplishments of Jay's Treaty

answer

It arranged for the withdrawal of British troops from American soil

question

How did the United States gain unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans

answer

It negotiated the Pinckney Treaty with Spain.

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Battle of Fallen Timbers in not true

answer

Tecumseh commanded the Shawnee Indians in the battle.

question

What role did newspapers play in American politics during the mid- and late 1790s

answer

They expanded in number and circulation and, regardless of political perspective, were often libelous and irresponsible.

question

What was the central charge that Republicans aimed at Federalists during the late 1790s

answer

They had become a faction bent on enriching wealthy citizens at the taxpayers' expense.

question

Who won the 1796 presidential election

answer

John Adams

question

What was the XYZ Affair

answer

An effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate

question

What did the Sedition Act do

answer

All of these.

question

Why did Alexander Hamilton want the federal government to support manufacturing

answer

He believed it would create a more diversified and prosperous economy.

question

Thomas Jefferson believed that

answer

Freedom was threatened by a government that undermined popular liberty.

question

Why did Thomas Jefferson favor sovereignty of state government over the federal government

answer

He believed that state government was responsive to popular will.

question

The purpose of the Adams-Onis (Transcontinental) Treaty was to

answer

settle border disputes between the United States and

question

Who did Thomas Jefferson believe were the most vigilant and virtuous people

answer

Farmers

question

Which of the following was not a way President Jefferson cut federal expenses

answer

He bribed the Barbary pirates rather than fighting them.

question

Why did President Jefferson advocate naval action against the Barbary pirates

answer

He believed that waging war would be less expensive than paying tribute.

question

Who were the midnight judges

answer

Judicial appointments made by President Adams in the last months of his presidency.

question

What did the Supreme Court argue in Marbury v. Madison

answer

The Supreme Court had the authority to determine the constitutionality of a law.

question

In 1823 Monroe Doctrine argued that European countries

answer

Could no longer establish new colonies in the Western Hemisphere.

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes the War of 1812

answer

All of these

question

Why did Jefferson overcome his doubts about the constitutionality of the Louisiana Purchase

answer

He decided that a guarantee of land for American farmers was more important than a constitutional principle.

question

The Lewis and Clark expedition produced which of the following results

answer

All of these

question

What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution require

answer

There had to be separate ballots in the Electoral College for the presidency and vice presidency.

question

Which of the following was not one of Aaron Burr's intrigues during the period 1800-1806

answer

He developed a scheme to become vice president as a Federalist.

question

How effective was the 1807 Embargo Act

answer

It severely hurt the American economy and had little influence on foreign countries.

question

What was the basic conflict between President Jefferson and the Quids

answer

The Quids believed that Jefferson was not true to their party's country ideology.

question

What did the British Rule of 1756 state

answer

Trade closed in time of peace could not be opened in time of war.

question

While still controversial, how has DNA evidence influenced our understanding of Thomas Jefferson

answer

Thomas Jefferson probably fathered at least one child with his slave, Sally Hemings.

question

Which region of the United States was hit the hardest by the Embargo Act

answer

New England

question

What were the terms of the Non-Intercourse Act

answer

America would trade with all nations except Britain and France and would restore trade with either nation if it ceased to violate neutral rights.

question

Which of the following actions of the American government reopened trade with Britain and France and determined that if either nation repealed its restriction, the United States would halt all commerce with the other nation

answer

Macon's Bill No. 2

question

Where did William Henry Harrison's forces defeat the Shawnee Indians

answer

Battle of Tippecanoe

question

Which of the following was not a reason the United States went to war with Great Britain in 1812

answer

New England merchants wanted the government to protect their shipping.

question

What did the Treaty of Ghent not do

answer

It referred boundary issues to a joint commission.

question

Which of the following ideas were proposed at the Hartford Convention

answer

The United States should abolish the Constitution's three-fifths clause.

question

Who helped Lewis and Clark on their expedition to the Pacific

answer

Sacajawea

question

When Henry Clay called for an American system after the War of 1812, what did he mean

answer

The United States needed internal improvements that would make the nation self-sufficient.

question

In McCulloch v. Maryland, what did the Supreme Court declare

answer

A state cannot tax an agency of the federal government.

question

Why did the Supreme Court decisions in McCulloch v. Maryland and Dartmouth College c. Woodward dismay Republicans

answer

They saw the decisions as an attack on state and popular authority.

question

Who were the war hawks

answer

They were Republicans from the West and South who thought the government's policies were wrecking their economies.

question

Thomas Jefferson believed that the army should

answer

Be reduced in size to save money.

question

Who composed the "Star-Spangled Banner"

answer

Francis Scott Key

question

Who served as a Spanish agent while working for the U.S. government

answer

James Wilkinson

question

In President Jefferson's view, what did the JUdiciary Act of 1801 demonstrate

answer

The Federalists were going to make the judiciary their stronghold.

question

How did Samuel Slater transform American economic life

answer

He smuggled plans out of Great Britain and opened the first textile factory in the United States.

question

Who wrote the Democracy in America

answer

Alexis de Tocqueville

question

As pioneers moved westward between 1790 and 1820, they tended to settle

answer

Along rivers and with people from the same region back East.

question

Which statement is true concerning most pioneer families

answer

A clear sexual division of labor usually existed.

question

What did the military bounties awarded during the War of 1812 provide

answer

Soldiers would receive western land in exchange for military service.

question

What was the purpose of the National Road

answer

It was built to facilitate westward migration.

question

Which of the following did not stimulate westward settlement

answer

Federal support of existing Indian settlements.

question

In 1838, why did thousands of Cherokees move from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma

answer

They were forced to move by the federal government.

question

Which of the following is not true of the Cherokee Indians

answer

They supported the movement of Indians out of the South.

question

The purpose of the Indian Removal Act of 1830 was to

answer

Facilitate white settlement on Indian lands.

question

In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee nation

answer

Was a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection.

question

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court argued that Congress had the authority to

answer

Regulate navigation on rivers.

question

What impact did the Erie Canal have on NYC

answer

It turned NY into the nation's largest city.

question

Which of the following statements is the best description of federal land policy from 1790 to 1820

answer

Federalists encouraged sales of large blocks of land to speculators, whereas Republicans favored selling federal land in smaller tracts to less wealthy buyers.

question

What was the first major canal project in the United States

answer

The Erie Canal.

question

What was one of the major changes that took place in American towns and cities between 1820 and 1860

answer

Towns grew rapidly, especially in the West.

question

Which of the following factors helped to make New England America's first industrial region

answer

It had a surplus of young women to work in the mills.

question

What did the doctrine of separate spheres suggest

answer

Men were superior in worldly pursuits, and women were superior for their moral influence.

question

During the antebellum period, what happened to the birth-rate among native-born white women

answer

It declined.

question

Which of the following best describes crop and land-use patterns in the United States by the 1830s

answer

The Old Northwest boomed with land development and wheat production.

question

Which of the following changes in marriage patterns did not occur in the antebellum period

answer

Fewer couples had lengthy engagements.

question

What was the economic status of most people in antebellum America

answer

Middling

question

Which statement about squatters is true

answer

None of these.

question

Alabama fever was

answer

A land rush in Alabama that caused the price of land to skyrocket.

question

What did the intense antebellum criticism of lawyers, physicians, ministers, and other professionals indicate about America

answer

Americans were inclined to question authority.

question

What was the dispute in the 1830s nullification crisis

answer

South Carolina questioned whether a state was bound by congressional legislation.

question

What was Horace Mann's primary concern in the reform movements of the first half of the nineteenth century

answer

He stressed about the importance of establishing public schools for children.

question

Who founded the Church of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) after claiming he received visions from God

answer

Joseph Smith

question

What is the name of the process where a newly elected official removes officeholders of the rival political party and replaces them with members of his own party

answer

Spoils system

question

Why did President Jackson veto the bill that would have provided funding for a road in Kentucky

answer

He opposed federal funding of internal improvements.

question

Which section of the country tended to oppose tariffs

answer

The South

question

Which political theory postulates that the Union is a compact among the states and that a state has the right to override a federal law

answer

Nullification

question

What did the Force Bill authorize President Jackson to do

answer

To use arms to collect customs duties in South Carolina.

question

What did the tariff controversy of the early 1830s reveal

answer

It showed that the nation faced serious and growing sectional pressures in the years ahead.

question

What were pet banks

answer

State banks chosen by President Jackson to be depositories of federal money.

question

What is the difference between hard money and soft money

answer

Hard money is specie like gold and silver, while soft money is paper.

question

Who were the Locofocos of New York

answer

A workers' party that advocated hard money

question

Which of the following characteristics was part of the Second Great Awakening

answer

All of these

question

Why was the 1824 presidential election unique

answer

John Quincey Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives.

question

In the late 1830s and early 1840s, what group believed that the end of the world was imminent

answer

Millerites

question

Which political party had become the anti-bank, hard-money party by 1840

answer

Democratic

question

What was the main cause of the great increase in the popular vote between the 1836 and 1840 presidential elections

answer

Higher percentage of eligible voters' actually voting.

question

Dorothea Dx is remembered because she

answer

Campaigned for better treatment of the mentally handicapped.

question

Which sect believed that Jesus was not divine but merely an exemplary human being

answer

Unitarians

question

The publication of the Liberator was significant because it was a journal that

answer

Publicized the abolitionist cause

question

Who defended a group of slaves in the Amistad case

answer

John Quincy Adams

question

Who was the most famous and controversial white abolitionists

answer

William Lloyd Garrison

question

The Specie Circular required

answer

That only specie be used to purchase public lands.

question

Why is Charles Finney often considered the father of modern revivalism

answer

He introduced special revival techniques and reached out to all Protestant denominations.

question

The main objective of the American Colonization Society was to

answer

free slaves and transport them back to Africa.

question

Where did women hold their first national women's rights convention

answer

Seneca Falls, New York

question

What was the purpose of the independent Treasury advocated by President Van Buren

answer

It would help to keep federal money out of the grasp of business corporations.

question

Besides inventing the cotton gin, what did Eli Whitney do that benefited American manufacturing

answer

He introduced the concept of interchangeable parts.

question

What was one of the advantages of the American system of manufacturing

answer

Damaged parts could be easily replaced.

question

Before the Civil War, how did European and American railroads differ

answer

American trains had only one class for white travelers.

question

How did the penny press influence publishing

answer

Because it made publishing cheaper, newspapers could be more independent from political parties.

question

Literary interpretations from the perspective of romanticism expected an author's work to show

answer

The author's inner feelings

question

How did the McCormick reaper help the North win the Civil War

answer

It allowed the North to keep agricultural production high even though many farmers went to fight.

question

How was the building of the railroads in the United States financed

answer

All of these

question

What impact did technological changes have on the American worker before the Civil War

answer

The purchasing power of the average worker rose.

question

How did John Deere change American agriculture

answer

He invented a steel-tipped plow that made tilling much easier and less time consuming.

question

What caused nationwide epidemics in the United States during the antebellum period

answer

All of these

question

What medical development greatly advanced the image of surgeons and the success of health care in the decades before the Civil War

answer

The development of anesthesia

question

Sylvester Graham was

answer

A prominent health-food advocate.

question

Which theory proposed that bumps on the skull reveal an individual's personality

answer

Phrenology

question

Which of the following statements is true concerning a typical antebellum theater

answer

Audiences were rowdy.

question

How did the popular minstrel show help to shape public perceptions of blacks during the antebellum period

answer

The minstrel show reinforced stereotypes of the black as stupid and clumsy.

question

Who was the most famous entertainer in the nineteenth-century America

answer

Phineas T. Barnum

question

What was the subject of Ralph Waldo Emerson's 1837 address, "The American Scholar"

answer

Americans should work for cu

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