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during Revolution still loyal to British Crown, around 80,000 left America leaving room for rising Patriots

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Loyalists

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Continental Army officers form elite group on 1783, denounced as pretentious and aristocratic

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Society of the Cincinnati

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first born son receives all of inheritance, these laws changed after revolution

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primogeniture

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what the Anglican church reformed into after it was humbled because of its royal roots

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Protestant Episcopal Church

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passed in Virginia 1786 because of Thomas Jefferson, helped bitter battle over state divorce from church

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Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

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1775 found world's first antislavery society, show hostility towards trade in "black ivory"

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Philadelphia Quakers

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accompanied abolition, shows how incomplete revolutionary ideas were when put into action

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interracial marriage laws

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1776 temporarily allowed women to vote

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New Jersey constitution

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teased husband that the "ladies" will one day plan their own rebellion when given the chance

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Abigail Adams

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idea that democracy depended on the unselfish commitment of each citizen to the public good

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civic virtue

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idea that mothers/women are bestowed with the responsibility of cultivating the ideas of civic virtue and family life to children through education, gives them more prestigious role as keepers of the nation's conscience

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republican motherhood

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after hearing about "rights of man," 1781 sued her master for freedom, won and spent rest of life as paid domestic servant in Massachusetts

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Elizabeth "Mumbet" Freeman

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A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.

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republicanism

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two branches intentionally weakened, people suspicious of former royal governors and judges

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executive and legislative branch

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example of Loyalist property confiscated, this man's large New York estate cut up into 250 parcels

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Roger Morris

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south of Philadelphia, provide power for many mills/factories, shows how America was trying to rise up the commercial scale

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Brandywine Creek

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example of a Yankee ship that boldly sailed the world to trade with foreign countries, this ship carried ginseng, opened up Eastern markets

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Empress of China

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nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1777 during the Revolution try and win French help. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control currency, sometimes called Articles of Confusion

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Articles of Confederation

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govenerning body kept very weak, people weary of British oppression, however led to problems resulting from lack of central government, no power

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Congress

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state house built in 1730's Pennsylvania, meeting place for congress, witnessed much history, later renamed in 1820's

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Independence Hall

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enthusiastically supported the somewhat weak Articles of Confederation, could not be compared to any other country, new breed of state

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Thomas Jefferson

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are of land west of Ohio River and east of Mississippi, recently acquired, leads to various land laws

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Old Northwest

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law that states Old Northwest land would be sold to pay off debt, area was to be surveyed, divided into townships, structured settlement very different from the south (1785)

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Land Ordinance of 1785

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6 sq mile sections established in Northwest, divided into 36 parts, the 16th one for schools, method of surveying

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townships

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dictate method of governing of Northwest, each townships have two stages, first is territorial stage attract settlers, once reach 60,000 can be admitted to congress as a state, also forbade slavery in area (1787)

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Northwest Ordinance of 1787

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Wrote a popular pamphlet in England that said Britain would win back America's trade and that commerce would naturally follow old channels.

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Lord Sheffield

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country was openly unfriendly to America, closed off some ports/river, held the fort Natchez on disputed soil

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Spain

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secretary of foreign affairs, hoped that insults America received from others would humiliate people into finally framing a new government to gain respect

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John Jay

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term used against Congress, suggests it is oppressive and tyrannical just like the King

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King Congress

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currency becoming worthless, each state had different

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rag money

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Massachusetts 1786, backwood farmers loosing farms, many veterans, rise up, movement crushed, but the memories haunted and warned the rich of the monster Democracy formed

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Shays's Rebellion

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led a rebellion in 1786, followers called Shaysites, many former veterans now farmers

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General Daniel Shays

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phrase suggestion America needed some permanent stability in the form of government, be it an amended Articles, a new Constitution, or a strong central government

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Cement to the Union

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emerged as a major political figure during the debate over the Constitution, as the outspoken leader of the Federalists and one of the authors of the Federalist Papers. secretary of treasury under Washington,spearheaded the government's Federalist initiatives,

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Alexander Hamilton

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The date the Constitutional congress was called to a start, 55 delegates from 12 states

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May 25, 1787

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refused to send representatives to the Constitutional Convention, still known as "Rogue's Island"

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Rhode Island

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because of their high status, Jefferson called the delegates this

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demigods

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most prominent leader, elected chairman at convention, known as the "Sword of the Revolution"

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George Washington

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considered "Father of the Constitution" for his notable contributions, wrote 14 amendments

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James Madison

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North African leader who took advantage of the weakness of the Articles of confederation to attack American shipping, could be argued that he drove the delegates to their work

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Dey of Algiers

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The plan proposed by Virginia at the constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population

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large-state plan

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one house in Congress or two

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unicameral and bicameral

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Plan proposed by New Jersey for equal representation regardless of size or population. Unicameral.

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small-state plan

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Plan proposed by Roger Sherman, William Samuel Johnson, and Oliver Ellsworth that suggested combining the Virginia and New Jersey plans. There would be two houses, one house having representation based off of population (house of reps), the other having representation based off of the state (senate, 2).

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the Great Compromise

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Pennsylvania representative at the Constitutional Convention; credited with authoring large sections of the constitution, including the preamble, draftsman

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Gouverneur Morris

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the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president

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Electoral College

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the agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves

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three-fifths compromise

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only state constitution that didn't forbid slave trade, 1807 trade was supposed to stop altogether

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Georgia

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The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation. It instead designed a new plan of government, the US Constitution.

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Constitutional Convention

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what critiques of the Constitution called the three branch government system

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triple-headed monster

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opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independent states; mostly farmers, workers, artisans, etc.

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antifederalists

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supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution; mostly aristocrats, landowners, etc

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federalists

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later became known as this, federal stronghold 10 square miles

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District of Columbia

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Date of the ratification of the Constitution, right after New Hampshire voted

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June 21, 1788

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only 4 states left who didn't agree to the ratification of the constitution, eventually gave in as they knew independent states would not survive separate from the union

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Virginia, New York, North Carolina, Rhode Island

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Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously in NY by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788.

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The Federalist

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a political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have ultimate power.

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confederation

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the act of constituting a political unity out of a number of separate states or colonies or provinces so that each member retains the management of its internal affairs

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federation

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A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

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checks and balances

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ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states

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sovereignty

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The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government

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popular sovereignty

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lawless control of public affairs by the mob or populace, many feared that it was the monster that came out of the Revolution

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mobocracy

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the idea that government derives its authority by the sanction of the people

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consent of the governed

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the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority

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states' right

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a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government), absence of rule

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anarchy

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This referred to the fact that the Constitution was trying to please everybody.

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bundle of compromises

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The document which established the present federal government of the United States and outlined its powers. It can be changed through amendments.

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Constitution

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piece of land 1 square mile around 640 acres, could support about 10 self suff farming families (50-75 acres each), each buy a subsection

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section

question

The minimum number of members who must be present to permit a legislative body to take official action

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quorum

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first place for constitutional convention, only 5 states showed up

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Annapolis

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the process of reallocating seats in the House of Representatives every 10 years on the basis of the results of the census. cut off at 435

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reapportionment

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the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent

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gerrymandering

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U.S. region, mostly comprised of southeastern and southwestern states, which has grown most dramatically since World War II.

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Sun Belt

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The manufacturing region in the United States that is currently debilitated because many manufacturing firms have relocated to countries offering cheaper labor and relaxed environmental regulations.

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Rust Belt

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approximate population of US

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309 million

question

approximate population California, have 53 House seats

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37 million

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motor city, automobile industry

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Detroit

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state with highest unemployment rate

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Nevada

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in charge of drawing district lines, supposed to be more fair to minority party, appointed members

answer

citizens committee

question

5 LA county district supervisors, more diverse, represent minorities

answer

Molina, Ridley-Thomas, Yaroslavsky, Knabe, Antonovich

question

3/4 states needed to ratify an amendment, means only 13 to block!

answer

38 states

question

equal rights amendment, men and women treated same under law, only got 34 states, main argument military, brought up again in 2006 by Pelosi

answer

ERA proposal

question

Mr. Orange, speaker of the House, from Ohio

answer

Boehner

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